2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures作业含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUnit4SpaceExplorationUnit4SectionⅡ请同学们仔细完成[练案14]一、语言基础训练Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．Therearestillmanyproblems__tobesolved__(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayonthemoon.2．Hemadeapromise__tocome__(come)hereontimetomorrow.3．We’retoholdameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision__tobemade__(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.4．Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong__tosee__(see)thebenefit.5．__Tomake__(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus，you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.6．Georgereturnedafterthewar，only__tobetold__(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.7．Wewereastonished__tosee__(see)thebuildingstillinitsoriginalcondition.8．Incollege，therearesomanygoodchances__tomeet__(meet)yourexpectations.9．Hewasthefirsttraveler__toarrive__(arrive)intheislandlyinginthecentralofthePacificOcean.10．Wewillbemorethanhappy__toreceive__(receive)materials，suchasclothes，quiltsandschoolsupplies.Ⅱ．完成句子1．IhurriedtoProfessorWang’shouse__onlytofindhewasout__.我匆忙赶到王教授的家，可是却发觉他外出了。2．Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfather__tovisitmygrandparents__.去年寒假，我和父亲一起去了乡下探望我的祖父母。3．Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudy__tobepublished__Tuesday.依据本周二要公布的一项探讨，自20世纪30年头以来，加利福尼亚已经失去了一半的大树。4．Withsomanyproblemstosolve,mybrotherwastooworried__toeatanything__.有太多的问题去处理，我哥哥担忧得吃不下任何东西。5．Istayedawakeuntilhalfpasteleven__soasto/inorderto/tohaveagoodlookatthemoon__bymyself.我熬夜到11点半，为的是独自好好看看月亮。6．AndyandRubywerethefirst__toreachthetopofthemountain__，outofbreath.Andy和Ruby首先到达了山顶，上气不接下气。二、培优提升训练Ⅰ．阅读理解EdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcometswhichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematical(数学上的)problem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(椭圆)．NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout(解决；计算出)theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Thedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.Themorehalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets,aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeaprediction(预言)ofwhatcometwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehasdiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethasbeencalledHalley’scomet,inhishonor.文章大意：本文主要介绍了200多年前英国科学家哈雷以及他的发觉。1．Halleymadehisdiscovery__C__.A．bydoingexperimentsB．bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC．byusingtheworkofotherscientistsD．bychance解析：细微环节理解题。由文中第三段中的“Hefiguredout(解决；计算出)theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.”可知应选C。2．Halleymadeasurprising,butcorrectpredictionintheyear__B__.A．1704 B．1705C．1706 D．1707解析：数字计算题。由最终一段中的“Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.”可知，他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。3．Thispassageingeneralisabout__D__.A．HalleyandotherscientistsB．theorbitofacometC．NewtonandHalleyD．Halleyandhisdiscovery解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了哈雷以及他的发觉。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？__C__A．EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.B．Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.C．Newtonwasafamousmathematician.D．Theorbitofacomethadtheshapeofacircle.解析：细微环节理解题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第三段的分析中可知B项也错误；由其次段可知，牛顿告知哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可解除D项。Ⅱ．完形填空WhenIwasabout18monthsold,Iwasburnedquitebadlybyhotwater.Thiswasahouseholdaccident,andnowIcanimaginehow__1.D__thismusthavebeenformyparentsatthetime.Thistookplaceinthe1970s,sothe__2.C__wasn’twhatitistoday.Ididgetskingrafts(移植)，butitwasstillprettybad.AsIgrewup,I__3.D__myscars.Theyseemedsobigandugly.Kidswouldwonderwhathappenedtomeandstaredatmedirectly.Unwillingto__4.C__myscars,Ialwaysworehigh-neckedtops.Ifearedtowearaswimsuitinsummerandstarted__5.B__anyoutdooractivities.SoImissedoutonalotoffun.MyscarsledmetobelieveIneverlooked__6.D__withoutmyclotheson.IbelievedthatIneededtohaveperfectskininordertofindtrue__7.A__.Iknewsomeonewhowantedtoknowmewouldbe__8.C__bymyskin.OnthedaythatIturned19,oneofmybestfriendstookmebytheshouldersandsaid,“Michelle,stop__9.B__！Yourburnsarebattlescarsandyouneedtotreatthemasasymbolof__10.D__.”HerwordsmademerealizethatwhatIlackedmostwas__11.C__.Foralongtime,IwastooafraidtogetintouchwithwhomIwantedtobeinlife.Scarscanbe__12.B__todealwith.Butintheend,it’sjustdamagedskin.I’mnottheonlyonethatcarriespainfulburdens__13.D__.Somanyhavedisabilitiesbuttryhardtoprovethemselvesandeven__14.A__intheirfields.Lifeisaboutsomuchmorethanworryingabouttheflaws(瑕疵)onourbodies.Onlyifwe__15.B__ourselvesasweare,canwefindthemeaningoflife.文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者自小因为身上带着烫伤的疤痕而感到自卑，但挚友的话让她相识到认可自己的重要性。1．A．proud B．strangeC．important D．terrible解析：依据常识可知，作者18个月时被热水烫伤，对她的父母来说这场意外很糟糕(terrible)。故选D。2．A．effort B．exerciseC．technology D．information解析：联系语境可知，在20世纪70年头，科技(technology)还不如现在发达。故选C。3．A．talkedabout B．learnedfromC．believedin D．struggledwith解析：依据后文“Theyseemedsobigandugly.”可知，作者的伤疤让她感到苦痛，故选“struggledwith”。故选D。4．A．cover B．removeC．show D．increase解析：依据后文可知，作者不想让别人看到自己的伤疤，于是总穿着高领衣服。故选C。5．A．joining B．avoidingC．designing D．ruining解析：由于怕被别人看到自己的伤疤，作者起先避开(avoiding)参与任何户外活动。故选B。6．A．happy B．uniqueC．healthy D．normal解析：作者身上的伤疤让她认为自己不穿衣服时就看起来不正常，故选D。7．A．love B．workC．freedom D．knowledge解析：作者认为她须要具备完备的皮肤才能得到真爱，故选“love”。8．A．saved B．touchedC．troubled D．challenged解析：在作者看来，想要相识自己的人都会被自己的身上的伤疤所困扰，故选C。9．A．dreaming B．hidingC．complaining D．apologizing解析：因为作者始终自卑于自己的伤疤，作者的好挚友激励她不要再隐藏(hiding)自己。故选B。10．A．luck B．painC．respect D．honor解析：依据前文的“Yourburnsarebattlescars”可知，好挚友让作者把她的伤疤当作荣誉(honor)的象征。故选D。11．A．honesty B．stressC．confidence D．surprise解析：依据语境可知，好挚友的话让作者相识到自己最为缺乏的就是自信(confidence)。故选C。12．A．easy B．difficultC．practical D．impossible解析：依据语境可知，伤疤可能难以处理，但终究只是受损的皮肤，故选B。13．A．emotionally B．intellectuallyC．mentally D．physically解析：由后文可知，作者相识到自己不是唯一在身体上(physically)承受苦痛负担的人。故选D。14．A．succeed B．failC．recover D．disappear解析：依据语境可知，很多残疾人仍旧在努力奋斗甚至在自己的领域取得了胜利，故选A。15．A．change B．acceptC．analyze D．remember解析：依据作者的经验可知，只有当我们学会接受(accept)自己的原来面貌，我们才能找到人生的意义。故选B。Ⅱ．语法填空依据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tomisaboywithphysical__1.disability__(disable)andhecan’twalkas__2.a__normalboy.Inordertoofferhimmoreconvenience,hismotherboughthimarobot__3.whose__nameisJimmyyesterday.JimmyaccompaniesTomeverydayafterhisparentsleaveforwork，__4.taking__(take)careofhim.Tomsuffersfromararedisease.Hecan’tstandup.Instead,hehastositonanarmchairalltheday.JimmyshowssympathytoTomand__5.tries__(try)hisbesttomakehimhappy.Somedaysago,hetookTomtothepark.Hetriedtoprotecthimfrom__6.beingharmed__(harm)．HegaveTomencouragementtohaveatrytowalk.SoTom__7.did__.ButtoJimmy’sdisappointment,Tomfellontheground,causingsomeotherboysnearbytomakefun__8.of__him.“Don’tlaughatthedisabled！”Jimmyturnedaround,warningthoseboys.Theyfeltsorryandranawayimmediately.Thenextday,JimmytookTomtotheparkonceagain.Thistime,T