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商务英语阅读3学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年6.
LookingfornewsuppliersincountriesotherthanChinawouldbeagoodoptionforbigcompanieswithampleresources.
答案:对5.
Chinesesuppliersarecontenttoseerisingcostsbecauseinthiswaytheycanmakemoreprofits.
答案:错4.
ThefirstoptiontheauthorsuggeststomanufacturingmanagersistofindthepositiveaspectsinChina;that’swhathemeansbythe“newChina”.
答案:错3.
ItwouldbedangerousforsomemanagerstothinkthatChineseauthoritieswouldtrytoforcewagesandpricesdown.
答案:对2.
Increasingdemandforlaborleadstorisingwages,whichcauserisingcostsinChina.
答案:对RespondingtoCostIncreasesinChinaByJoshGreen
2008-11-19/companies-amp-executives/responding-cost-increases-china1.It’satoughtimetobeinthemanufacturingbusiness.Consumersarespendingless,thecostofmanufacturingisincreasing,andfinancingyourwaythroughthesedifficulttimesispracticallyimpossible.AtPanjiva,wecallthisstateofaffairs,“TheGreatSqueeze”–becausecompaniesarefindingthemselvessqueezedbyseveralforcesostensiblybeyondtheircontrol.Undoubtedly,somecompanieswillnotsurviveTheGreatSqueeze–mostlikelythosethatemploytheDeerinHeadlightsstrategy:doingnothinginthefaceofdanger.Incontrast,survivorswilltakeaggressiveactiontoaddressthemanageableaspectsofTheGreatSqueeze.Thisarticlewillexploreoneofthesemanageableaspects–theincreasingcostofmanufacturing,particularlyinChina.CostIncreasesinChinaareNotTemporary2.Bynow,mostsupplychainmanagersarequitefamiliarwiththestorythatendsinhighermanufacturingcosts.BecauseeveryonedecidedtomanufactureinChina,thedemandforlaborincreased,leadingtorisingwages,whichforcedfactoriestoraisetheirprices(i.e.,yourcosts).Thegoodnewsisthatyou'renotaloneinconfrontingrisingcostsinChina.Infact,therisingcostofdoingbusinessinChinaisthemostcommoncomplaintIhearfromsourcingexecutives.And,thereareactionsyoucantaketokeepcostsundercontrol.I'llcomebacktothisinamoment,but,first,letmeaddressaverydangerouslineofthinking--thatpriceincreasesinChinaaretemporary.3.AcommonmisconceptionisthattheChineseauthoritieswilllikelytakeactionifthecostofdoingbusinessinChinacontinuestorise.Manythink(orhope)thatthegovernmentwillworktokeepwagesandpricesundercontrolinanefforttomaintainthegrowthoftheirexistingexportindustries.4.However,evidencesuggeststheChineseauthoritiesaretolerating--and,insomecases,encouraging--theseincreases.Authoritieshaveraisedtheminimumwagerepeatedly,ostensiblysothatpeoplecancopewiththerisingcostoflivingassociatedwithfoodandfuel.Moreover,Chineseauthoritieshavebeentakingsignificantstepstoencourageunionization.WhywouldChineseauthoritiesbecomfortablewiththesestepswhichwillultimatelyresultinhighercostsofdoingbusiness?DavidBarboza,a
NewYorkTimesreporter,offeredaconvincingexplanationwhenhewrotethattheauthoritiesare"nolongercontenttobethehomeoflow-skilled,low-cost,low-marginmanufacturing"andaretryingtomoveChinesecompanies"upthevaluechain".Bottomline:don'tbetagainstcontinuedincreasesinthecostofdoingbusinessinChina.StrategiesforContainingCosts5.Soifyouareconvinced,asIam,thatcostincreasesinChinaare
not
temporary,thereareseveraloptionsavailable,eachwithitsprosandcons,toaddressthisaspectoftheGreatSqueeze.Determiningwhichisrightforyourbusinessrequiresathoroughunderstandingoftheprosandconsofeach--aswellasanhonestassessmentofyourcompany'sspecificcircumstances.First,let'sreviewtheoptions:(1)Identifythe"NewChina"forYourIndustry6.Thereisnoshortageofcountriesseekingtobethe"NewChina,"byofferinglowerwagelabor.Whichcountriesshouldbeonyourshortlist?Theanswerisindustryspecific,becausealow-costlaborpoolisonlyvaluabletoyouifithastheskillsyourequire.Forexample,intheapparelindustry,VietnamandCambodiaaretwofrequentlyevaluatedoptions.(2)ChinaistheNewChina7.IncreasesinwageshavebeenmostsignificantintheSouthernandcoastalregionsofChina.InNorthernandinlandChina,thereremainsavastpooloflowwagelabor.Manycompaniesarelookingtosuppliersintheseregionsasanoptionforkeepingcostsundercontrol.(3)LeverageYourSuppliers'Networks8.YoursuppliersinSouthernChinaarejustasconcernedasyouareaboutrisingcosts.Inanefforttokeepcostsundercontrol,theyarelikelyworkingwith--orcurrentlysearchingfor--subcontractingpartnersinotherregionswithinChinaoroutsideofthecountry.Therefore,youmaybeabletoworkthroughyourexistingsupplierstokeepcostsdown.ChoosingtheStrategythat'sRightforYou9.Whichstrategyisrightforyou?Itdependsonhowlargetheresourcesatyourdisposalare,andhowquicklyyouneedtolowercosts.10.Thefirststrategy--lookingtonewgeographies--requiresasignificantfinancialandresearchinvestment.First,you'llneedtogettoknowthecustomsandregulationsthatcomewithdoingbusinessinthenewgeography.Second,suppliersinnewgeographieswillnothavethesamecapabilitiesasthesuppliersyou'veusedto-date.Soyou'llneedtoworkwiththesenewsupplierstobuildtheircapabilitiesandhavepatiencewhentheinevitablehiccupsoccur.Youwilllikelynotseethebenefitsofworkinginthesenewgeographiesforsometime.Therefore,thisstrategyisbestlefttobiggercompanieswhohaveampleresourcesandthepatiencetowaitforthepayoff.11.Thesecondstrategy--lookingtonewregionsinChina--requiresthesametypeofinvestment,intermsofmoneyandtime,withoneexception--thereisnolearningcurveforcustomsandregulations.However,youwillwanttoinvestigatetheadministrativelandscapeinnewgeographies,becausegovernmentauthoritiesareofferinglotsofincentivestocompaniesthatventureintonewregionswithinChina.Again,thisstrategyisbestlefttobiggercompanies.12.Thethirdstrategy--leveragingyourexistingsuppliers'networks--requirestwothingstobetrue.First,yoursuppliersneedtoberesourcefulandconnected.Second,youneedtobecomfortablewithyoursuppliersworkingwithsubcontractors.Alotofbigcompaniesarerightlyconcernedabouttherisksthatcomewithsubcontracting(forinstance,theriskthatsubcontractorswillnotliveuptothecompany'sstandardsforsocialresponsibility),andsothisstrategymaynotbeappropriateforthem.However,leveragingyoursuppliers'networksrequiresverylittleinthewayofresourcesandthereforemaybeperfectforsmallerorganizations.13.Eachstrategyrequiressomethingfromyou:ataminimum,flexibility,and,intwocases,significantinvestmentofmoneyandtime.However,thegoodnewsisthis--thereisanalternativetotheDeerinHeadlightsstrategy.YouCANcontrolcostsand,insodoing,helpyourcompanyavoiddeathviaTheGreatSqueeze.
Exercises:I.ReadingComprehension:Judgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)basedonwhatyouhavereadinthepassage.1.
Inthistoughtimeofmanufacturingbusiness,onlythosewhotakeaggressiveactionstoaddressproblemswillsurvive.
2.Increasingdemandforlaborleadstorisingwages,whichcauserisingcostsinChina.
3.ItwouldbedangerousforsomemanagerstothinkthatChineseauthoritieswouldtrytoforcewagesandpricesdown.4.ThefirstoptiontheauthorsuggeststomanufacturingmanagersistofindthepositiveaspectsinChina;that’swhathemeansbythe“newChina”.
5.Chinesesuppliersarecontenttoseerisingcostsbecauseinthiswaytheycanmakemoreprofits.
6.LookingfornewsuppliersincountriesotherthanChinawouldbeagoodoptionforbigcompanieswithampleresources.
7.MovingintothemiddleandwesternpartofChinatoreducecostscanbeaverygoodoptionforsmallercompanies.
答案:对incentives
答案:激励措施regulations
答案:法规subcontracting
答案:分包valuechain
答案:价值链margin
答案:毛利润minimumwage
答案:最低工资标准sourcing
答案:外包II.Terms:Translatethefollowing
termsintoChinese.
supplychain
答案:供应链I.GiveasimpledefinitiontothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.engaging
2.compelling
3.traffic
4.conversion
5.stayabreastof
6.inprint
答案:omitted6.
Of
course,
in
the
case
of
Asia,
it
might
be
possible
to
use
the
existing
dollar
pegs
as
the
basis
for
determining
future
rates.
答案:conversion5.
In
the
interview,
Crittenden
said
the
Citigroup
has
no
need
to
raise
more
capital
now.
答案:compelling3.
current
rates,
rate
changes
and
all
promotions,
current
facilities,
services,
hours
of
operation,
etc.
答案:Stayabreastof2.
MasterCard
initially
blamed
problems
with
its
website
on
heavy
and
said
that
its
payment
services
were
unaffected.
答案:traffic1.Many
ads
today
are
deliberately
oblique:
they
have
an
story
line,
but
it
is
hard
to
tell
what
they
are
trying
to
sell.
答案:engagingover-investment
答案:过渡投资cheapmoney
答案:低息贷款foreigndirectinvestment
答案:外国直接投资“South–South”investment
答案:南南投资Commercialbanks
答案:商业银行Eurozone
答案:欧元区Cross-bordercapitalflows
答案:跨境资本流动emergingmarkets
答案:新兴市场slowdown
答案:经济放缓corporateandgovernmentbonds
答案:公司债券和政府债券equity-marketcapitalization
答案:股票市值bubble
答案:泡沫equityindexes
答案:股票指数TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(theunderlinedtermsinthetext).capitalmarkets
答案:货币市场I.GiveasimpledefinitiontothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.beckoning
2.interpretation
3.affluence
4.appeal
5.spectrum
6.backfire
7.replicate
8.internship
答案:Omitted.8.Whereany
customs
operations
are
involved,
the
GeneralAdministration
of
Customs
shallbe
responsible
forthe
.
答案:interpretation7.MittRomney
is
the
only
"full-
"
conservative;
atleast,
he
claims
tobe.
答案:spectrum6.But,
increasing
will
bring
with
ita
desire
for
more
freedom.
答案:affluence5.
She
has
recently
completed
an
at
GoldmanSachs,the
American
investmentbank,
and
with
Lehman
Brothers,in
London.
答案:internship4.
However,
being
closely
affiliated
with
your
own
government
can
also
,
if
the
regime
inthehost
nation
falls
out
withit.
答案:backfire3.
Studies
done
at
the
time
showed
such
a
vehicle
was
technically
feasible,
was
fairly
easy
to
manufacture
and
had
commercial
.
答案:appeal2.
China
is
trying
to
that
model
in
mature
markets,
albeit
not
in
the
form
of
development
assistance.
答案:replicateII.Choosethebestword(fromthewordslistedabove)foreachblank.1.Anentirelynewera,theeraofknowledgeeconomy,is
uson.
答案:beckoningover-investmetn
答案:过度投资stimulus
答案:经济刺激inflation
答案:通货膨胀realestatebubble
答案:房地产泡沫interestrates
答案:利率FederalReserve
答案:美联储hardlanding
答案:硬着陆governmentbonds
答案:政府债券Citigroup
答案:花旗银行LehmanBrothers
答案:雷曼兄弟centralbanks
答案:央行TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(theunderlinedtermsinthetext).easymoneypolicies
答案:宽松的货币政策I.Giveasimpledefinition(whichyouthinkisthemostimportant)tothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.
embattled
2.
downright
3.
turnoverrate
4.
outplacement
5.
vie
6.
tenure
7.
dismiss
8.
vent
答案:Omitted.8.That
forced
usto
layoff
about
1,
000
people,
and
we
setup
an
service
within
ourown
company.
答案:outplacement7.
Auto
giants
for
China'sgreen
car
market.
答案:vie6.
Male
job
ishigher
than
female
in
every
education
category.
答案:turnoverrate5.
He
gave
to
his
anger
by
swearing
loudly.
答案:vent4.Senior
executives
are
required
to
hold
their
stocks
throughout
their
and
forseveral
years
later.
答案:tenure3.
They
should
inject
some
much-needed
confidence
into
the
currency
and
into
an
people.
答案:embattled2.He
said
defenselawyers
would
seek
to
the
charges.
答案:dismissII.Choosethebestword(fromthewordslistedabove)foreachblank.1.Thedatalastweekwere
disappointing--theoppositeofwhatpeoplehadhopedtosee.
答案:downrightbalancesheet
答案:资产负债表liabilities
答案:负债pensionfund
答案:养老金taxpayer
答案:纳税人leverage
答案:杠杆作用maturitymismatch
答案:期限错配trustcompany
答案:信托公司asset
答案:资产shadowbanking
答案:影子银行业务TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(theunderlinedtermsinthetext).financialcrisis
答案:金融危机I.Giveasimpledefinition(whichyouthinkisthemostimportant)tothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.
commission
2.
loot
3.
civilservant
4.
rebuff
答案:Omitted.4.
As
a
,heorshe
should
take
civilians’interests
as
top
priority
rather
than
hisown
benefits.
答案:civilservant3.AGoogle
spokesman
said
the
company
continued
"to
work
cooperatively
with
the
European
".
答案:Commission2.
Most
pirates
did
not
kill
people
because
they
were
only
interested
in
the
.
答案:lootII.Choosethebestword(fromthewordslistedabove)foreachblank.1.Facts
are
the
most
powerful
to
rumormongers.
答案:rebuffdiscount
答案:折扣tablet
答案:平板电脑smartphone
答案:智能手机QRcodes
答案:二维码property
答案:不动产TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(theunderlinedtermsinthetext).customized
答案:定制的I.GiveasimpledefinitiontothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.
anachronistic
2.
veto
3.
stark
4.
pulpit
5.
gabfest
答案:omitted.5.
It
has
become
a
constant
refrain
at
U.
N.
headquarters
that
theSecurity
Councilis
.
答案:anachronistic4.Zhao
says
the
peaceful
natureof
Zheng
He's
voyages
show
that,
in
contrast
totheWest's
rise,
China
is
notanexpansionist
culture.
答案:stark3.Itwas
always
going
to
be
easier
foraUS
president
toclimbintothe
when
Washington
felt
secure
in
its
hegemony.
答案:pulpit2.Afterall,
the
involving
senior
Congressional
leaders
from
both
parties
lasted
well
over
six
hours,
with
no
tangible
results.
答案:gabfestII.Choosethebestword(fromthewordslistedabove)foreachblank.
1.PresidentObamahassaidhewould
thelegislationifitwereeventuallypassed.
答案:vetohighlytraffickedwebsite
答案:高访问量网站returnoninvestment
答案:投资回报率brochure
答案:宣传册targetmarketing
答案:目标市场营销TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(theunderlinedtermsinthetext).directmail
答案:直邮I.GiveasimpledefinitiontothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.
multilateral
2.
sovereign
3.
skepticism
4.
shun
5.
predominantly
6.
inauguration
7.
feasibility
8.
tactfully
答案:Omitted.8."The
crisis
is
not
over
yet,
"
he
said,
adding
that
growth
would
come
from
emerging
markets.
答案:predominantly7.Instead,
you'll
have
time
to
test
boththe
of
your
business
idea
and
the
practicality
of
you
running
sucha
business.
答案:feasibility6.Bringing
the
issue
under
discussions
isnotconducive
to
the
settlement
of
the
dispute,
but
will
only
complicate
the
matter.
答案:multilateral5.The
president
said
in
his
he
would
carry
outhis
campaign
commitment.
答案:inauguration4.He
said
he
was
pleased
to
note
that
Greece
wascoming
out
of
the
shadow
ofa
debt
crisis.
答案:sovereign3.But
just
because
a
bubble
might
be
brewing
in,
say,
China,
it
doesnot
mean
investors
should
the
country.
答案:shun2.The
Chinese
government's
stated
ambitionof
turning
the
country
into
a
global
R&D
center
has
aroused
afair
bit
of
.
答案:skepticismII.Choosethebestword(fromthewordslistedabove)foreachblank.
1.ThenewCEOcalledapressconferenceand
laidtheblameatthefeetofthepreviousCEO.
答案:tactfullyturnoverrate
答案:员工流动率downturn
答案:经济下滑LaborContractLaw
答案:劳动合同法talentissue
答案:人才问题double-digit
答案:两位数的logistics
答案:物流recruitment
答案:招聘payrolling
答案:工资名单humanresources
答案:人力资源privateequity
答案:私募股权venturecapital
答案:风险资本intellectualpropertyright
答案:知识产权subsidy
答案:补贴TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(theunderlinedtermsinthetext).taxbreaks
答案:减免税/税收优惠I.Giveasimpledefinition(whichyouthinkisthemostimportant)tothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.
piracy
2.
knockoff
3.
petition
4.
scrap
5.
punitive
6.
succumbto
答案:Omitted.6.A
bankruptcy
may
be
filed
either
by
the
debtor
or
bytheir
creditors
requesting
areceiving
order.
答案:petition4.Cutting
the
deficit
would
force
her
to
some
ofthesocial
promises
she
had
made
to
voters.
答案:scrap3.TheUS
could
impose
tariffs
of
upto
100%
on
some
countries'
exports.
答案:punitive2.I’m
a
great
salesman.
I
could
sell
a
Windows2000toBillGates.
答案:knockoffII.Choosethebestword(fromthewordslistedabove)foreachblank.1.You
can
either
your
emotions;
or
you
can
stand
up,
fight,andjustgofor
whatever
will
make
you
happy.
答案:succumbtocompetitiveadvantage
答案:竞争优势customerservice
答案:客户服务weakdollar
答案:疲软的美元masscustomization
答案:大众定制customizedproducts
答案:定制产品niche
答案:缝隙市场/利基市场invertory
答案:库存shippingprice
答案:海运价格exporttax
答案:出口税TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(theunderlinedtermsinthetext).contractmanufacturer
答案:合约制造商I.Giveasimpledefinition(whichyouthinkisthemostimportant)tothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.
grim
2.
stem
3.
bipartisan
4.
anti-dumping
5.
blatantly
6.
proponent
7.
scenario
8.
legitimate
答案:Omitted.8.Atleast
by
this
one
measure,
stocks
are
nolonger
overvalued.
答案:blatantly7.
"This
was
an
orchestrated
case
of
deliberate
taxevasion,
and
not
tax
planning,"
he
said.
答案:legitimate6.
Such
a
could
force
Australia
intoa
hardlanding
that
would
be
likely
to
prolong
and
deepen
a
downturn.
答案:scenario5.Notsurprisingly,
China'scentral
bank
is
the
main
internal
of
reform.
答案:proponent4.
The
measures
are
meant
to
the
tide
of
illegal
immigration.
答案:stem3.
The
figure
is
likely
to
be
,
showing
an
economy
that
grew
barely,
if
atall.
答案:grim2.
Hopes
fora
compromiseonhealthcareappeartobefading.
答案:bipartisanII.Choosethebestword(fromthewordslistedabove)foreachblank.1.
hasbecome
thebest
of
contemporary
means
oftrade
barriers.
答案:Anti-dumpingintellectualproperty
答案:知识产权licensor
答案:许可方licensee
答案:被许可方license
答案:许可证royalties
答案:专利费monopoly
答案:垄断patent
答案:专利tradesecrets
答案:商业机密proprietary
答案:知识产权的acquisition
答案:收购outsourcing
答案:外包know-how
答案:技术诀窍in-house
答案:在公司内部TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(theunderlinedtermsinthetext).R&D
答案:研发I.Giveasimpledefinition(whichyouthinkisthemostimportant)tothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.
grip
2.
brash
3.
concede
4.
stagnate
5.
complacent
6.
icon
7.
lingering
8.
grail
9.
myriad
答案:Omitted.9.Something
of
the
same
mood
is
starting
to
the
EuropeanUnion.
答案:grip8.Even
those
who
advocate
real
estate
investing
thatyou
need
the
right
circumstances
before
youtaketheplunge.
答案:concede7.It
was
the
holy
of
investors.
答案:grail6.
One
ofthe
first
things
you
learn
withe-commerce
is
to
deal
with
files.
答案:myriad5.
Google's
border-straddling
scale
and
its
ambitions
raise
alarms
withsome
European
politicians.
答案:brash4.A
well-thought
logo
design
can
effectively
use
a
simple
to
leave
a
deep
enough
impression
for
the
public.
答案:icon3.Our
countries
havebeen
,
particularly
since
joining
the
EU.
答案:complacent2.Japanese
stocks
are
back
in
vogue,
atleast
for
now,
despite
worries
over
dismaleconomic
prospects
and
thestrong
yen.
答案:lingeringII.Choosethebestword(fromthewordslistedabove)foreachblank.1.If
theeconomy
remains
,the
Bank
will
probably
beslow
to
remove
theliquidity.
答案:stagnantWealthcondensation
答案:财富聚集FDI
答案:对外直接投资InternationalMonetaryFund
答案:国际货币基金组织globalization
答案:全球化TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(theunderlinedtermsinthetext).Ginicoefficient
答案:基尼系数I.Giveasimpledefinition(whichyouthinkisthemostimportant)tothefollowingvocabularyinEnglish.1.
champion
2.
cluster
3.
backlash
4.
reckon
5.
conduit
6.
watchdog
7.
windup/waɪnd/
答案:Omitted.7.
The
local
industrial
is
usually
the
result
ofthe
fragmentation
ofthe
global
value
chain.
答案:cluster6.
Some
people
thatthe
debt
position
of
many
rich
countries
is
now
unsustainable
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