127Module12模块小结（练习）

Module12Saveourworld模块小结思维导图思维导图知识要点一知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。要点1pollutionpollution的用法pollution是不可数名词，意为“污染”。其动词形式为pollute。【拓展】与pollution相关的短语【典例分析】1.Thereisless____________(pollute)inSuzhouthaninothercitiesinChina.【答案】pollution2.Thelocalpeoplehadtomoveawaybecausetheenvironmentisseriously____________(pollute).【答案】polluted3.Thisriverisdirtybecauseitis________bythewaterfromthatchemistryfactory.A.reduced

B.polluted

C.included

D.created【答案】B。本题考查动词辨析。reduce意为“减少”，pollute意为“污染”，include意为“包含”，create意为“创造”。结合语境可知应选B。4.Sleepingwithlightsonisa.You’dbettermakesureallthelightsareoffbeforeyougotobed.A.pollution B.action C.waste D.collection【答案】选C。考查名词辨析。句意:开着灯睡觉是一种浪费。你最好确保睡觉前把所有的灯关掉。pollution“污染”;action“行动”;waste“浪费”;collection“收集”。要点2It’snousedoingsth是固定句式,意为“做某事是没有用的”该句型中的“doingsth”是真正的主语，it是形式主语。“It’snousedoingsth”相当于“Thereisnousedoingsth” “It’suselessdoing/todosth.”或“It’sofnousedoing/todosth.”【拓展】It’sfundoingsth.做某事很有趣Itisnogooddoingsth.做某事不好/没用/不行It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.做某事是白费时间/金钱【典例分析】1.光说不做是没有用的。It________________________talkingwithout

doing.【答案】is

no

use

2.跟他讲没用，因为他从来不听。It_______________________talkingtohimbecauseheneverlistens.【答案】isnogood3.在她目前的心情下，找她谈是白费时间。It’s_______________________________tryingtotalktoherwhenshe’sinthismood.【答案】awasteoftime4.打高尔夫球很有意思It’s_______________playinggolf.【答案】greatfun4.Thereisnousestayingathome.(同义句改写)【答案】It’snousestayingathome.5.It’snousethemaboutit.

A.tell B.totellC.telling D.tells【答案】C【解析】It’snousedoingsth.“做某事是没有用的”。6.Itisno____arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.A.way B.help C.time D.use【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：跟比尔争论是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意的。A.way方法；B.help帮助；C.time时间；D.use用处。It’snousedoingsth.(做某事没用/只是白费力气)句型。在这个句型中，动词ing形式是主语，it是形式主语。故选D。要点3hopelessadj.无望的；无可救药的Theyfeel

hopeless

abouttheirfuture.

他们感到前途无望。【知识链接】less是最常见的含否定意义的英语后缀之一，它附在名词或动词之后主要构成形容词，有时也构成副词。homeless无家可归的helpless无助的useless没用的nameless莫名的voiceless无声的endless无尽的colorless暗淡的【典例分析】1.Jackfailedthemathsexamagain.Hefelt________andwantedtogiveup.A.helpful

B.successful

C.careless

D.hopeless【答案】D。本题考查形容词辨析。helpful意为“有帮助的”，successful意为“成功的”，careless意为“粗心的”，hopeless意为“没希望的”。结合语境可知应选D。2.Hefailedhisjobinterviewagain,andhefeltreally________(withnohope)aboutthefuture.

【答案】hopeless3.Wetriedtostopthefirefromspreading，butweknewitwas．（help）【答案】helpless要点4waste做名词，意为“浪费”，为不可数名词。awasteoftime/money/energy是固定词组，意为“浪费时间/金钱/精力”。waste做名词时还可表示“废弃物”，为不可数名词。waste可作动词，意为“浪费”。wastetime/money(in)doing/onsth.表示“在做某事上浪费时间/金钱”。It’sawasteofmoneytobuythingsyoudon’tneed.购买你不需要的东西是浪费金钱。【典例分析】1.AfterdinnerMumaskedmetothrowthe_______inthebowlsinthebagontheground.

A.fly

B.waste

C.sand

D.scarf【答案】B。本题考查名词辨析。fly意为“苍蝇”，waste意为“废料；废弃物”，sand意为“沙；沙子”，scarf意为“围巾”，结合语境可知应选B。2.Weallneedahealthyenvironment,butweproduceeverydayanditisharmfultoourenvironment.

A.dreams B.trouble C.problems D.waste【答案】D本题考查名词辨析。句意:我们都需要一个健康的环境,但是我们每天产生垃圾,它对我们的环境有害。dream梦想;trouble麻烦;problem问题;waste垃圾。根据“它对我们的环境有害”可知选D。3.妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。Mumthinksit________________________________________toplayputergames.【答案】awasteoftime4.这条河流被从工厂流出的废物严重污染。Theriverwas_________________________________________fromthefactory【答案】badlypollutedbywaste要点5beadangertosb/sth对某人/某物有危害danger本文用作可数名词,表示具体的“危害”。当danger表示抽象的“危险、风险”时,是不可数名词,beindanger“处于险境之中”。拓展：beindangerof有……的危险beoutofdanger脱离危险要点6注意try,mean接不定式和Ving的区别mean意为“意味着,意思是”时,后跟名词、代词、动名词或从句;meandoingsth意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结果)……mean意为“打算,意图”时,后常跟动词不定式。meantodosth打算/意欲做……tryone’sbesttodosth意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。trytodosth意为“尽力做某事”(但不一定成功)。trydoingsth意为“试着做某事”要点7dividev.意为“分开;分隔”。divide…into…意为“把……分成……”。dividedup分配辨析：divide与separatedivide指把一个整体分成几个部分,常与into搭配。separate指把两个人或物分离开,常与from搭配。【典例分析】1.InEnglishclassyesterday,thestudents________intofivegroupstofinishthetask.A.divided

B.weredivided

C.divide

D.aredivided【答案】B本题考查时态和语态。主语thestudents与动词divide存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态；又由题干中的时间状语yesterday可知应用一般过去时，故选B。2.TherearefourpeopleinmyfamilysoI________thecake________fourpieces.A.put;up

B.bring;in

C.cut;out

D.divide;into【答案】D。本题考查短语动词辨析。putup意为“提升；使提高”，bringin意为“吸引；引入”，cutout意为“删除”，divideinto意为“分成……”。结合语境可知应选D。3.那个苹果刚才被分成了相等的两份。Theapple______________________________twohalvesjustnow【答案】wasdividedinto要点8dowith意为“处理”,常与疑问词what连用。dowith还可以表示“与……有关；”与……相处。辨析：dowith与dealwithdowith处理;对付;应付常与what连用侧重于对某事物的利用或处置dealwith常与how连用强调处理问题的方式、办法【典例分析】1.Ittookmealmostawholedaytosomanyemails.

A.dowith B.cutinC.cheerfor D.runout【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。dowith“处置;对付”;cutin“插嘴”;cheerfor“为……喝彩”;runout“用完;耗尽”。由空格后的somanyemails可知应用“处理”与之搭配。故选A。2.Janeisverybusythesedays，forshehasalotofproblemsto_____.A.dealwith B.keepupwithC.agreewith D.eupwith【答案】Adealwith意为“处理”；keepupwith意为“跟上”；agreewith意为“同意”；eupwith意为“想出；提出”。由逗号前句意“这些天简很忙”可推知，逗号后句意为“因为她有很多的问题要处理”，故A项符合题意。3.—Whatareyougoingto________thebed?—IhavepromisedMr.Whitetosendittohim.A.lookinto

B.thinkof

C.dowith

D.searchfor【答案】本题考查短语动词辨析。lookinto意为“向……里看”，thinkof意为“想到；想出”，dowith意为“处理”，searchfor意为“搜寻；查找”，结合语境可知应选C。要点9harmfuladj.表示“有害的”,其反义词是harmless（无害的）。harmn.&v.（伤害;害处）。beharmfulto意为“对……有害处”,相当于bebadfor,其反义短语是begoodfor,其近义短语是doharmto（对……造成伤害）。2.It’sharmfultodosth做某事是有害的。拓展：dosb/sthharm=doharmtosb/sth伤害某人/某物【典例分析】1.Smokingis________toyou.A.harm B.harmful C.harms D.harmless【答案】B【解析】句意：吸烟对你有害。A.harm伤害；B.harmful有害的；C.harms危害；D.harmless无害的。结合语境“吸烟对你_______。”可知，吸烟对身体有害，beharmfulto对……有害。故选B。2.Itis_____toyourhealthtodrinktoomuch.

A.hopeless B.hopeful C.harmless D.harmful【答案】D考查形容词辨析。句意:过量喝酒对你的身体健康有害。hopeless无望的;hopeful抱有希望的;harmless无害的;harmful有害的。根据生活常识可知，喝酒过量对身体健康有害。故选D。3.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。Watchingtoomuchdo________________youreyes.【答案】harmto4.被污染的水对鱼类有害。Pollutedwaterisfish.【答案】harmfulto要点10begoodfor对……有好处，其中for是介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。反义短语：bebadfor对……有害拓展:①begoodat意为“擅长”。同义短语：dowellin②begoodto意为“对……友好”③begoodwith意为“善于应付……的”。【典例分析】1.Thiskindoffoodwillbe______you,andifyoukeeponeatingit,youwillbehealthier.A.goodto B.goodatC.goodfor D.goodwith【答案】B。begoodto意为“对……友好”.begoodwith意为“善于应付……的”。begoodat意为“擅长”。begoodfor对……有好处.根据意思语境选答案B要点11clothes,cloth,clothing

clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词是复数；cloth指布，为不可数名词；clothing是集合名词，为衣服、服装的总称，用于单数形式。Ourclothingprotectsusagainstthecold.我们的衣服用以御寒。【典例分析】1.Thiskindof________feelsveryfortableanditisusedformakingblouses.A.job

B.bookC.paper

D.cloth【答案】D。本题考查名词辨析。job意为“工作”，book意为“书”，paper意为“纸”，cloth意为“布”。结合语境可知应选D。2.用clothes,cloth,clothing填空We’recollectingfoodand_________forthepoor.Shehasalotof________inherbedroom.Sheboughtsome_________tomakeherselfadress.【答案】clothesclothing

cloth要点12throwaway意为“扔掉”，其中away是副词。注意宾语it在throw和away中间。如【拓展】由throw构成的短语：①throwatsb.朝某人扔；②throwdown扔下；推翻；throwoff摆脱；除去；④throwoneselfinto投身于；⑤throwover舍弃；放弃【典例分析】1.Don't________therubbisheverywhere.It'sbadfortheenvironment.A.findout

B.pointout

C.takeaway

D.throwaway【答案】D。本题考查短语动词辨析。findout意为“发现；查明”，pointout意为“指出”，takeaway意为“拿走”，throwaway意为“扔掉”。结合语境可知应选D。2.Don't________thebooks.Wecanuseitagain.A.findout

B.pickup

C.writedown

D.throwaway【答案】本题考查短语动词辨析。findout意为“发现；查明；弄清”，pickup意为“拿起；举起”，writedown意为“写下；记下”，throwaway意为“扔掉；丢弃”，结合语境可知应选D。3.Theoldclothescanbereused.It'sto.

A.waste;throwthemawayB.wasteful;throwthemawayC.waste;throwawaythemD.wasteful;throwawaythem【答案】B句意:旧衣服可以被再次利用。扔掉它们很浪费。throwaway扔掉,为动词+副词结构,和代词连用时代词应该放在中间;第一空表示“浪费的”,应用形容词wasteful作表语。故选B。要点131.对……有危险 2.做某事是没用的3.节约能源 4.关灯5.找某人，求见某人 6处理7.把…分成… 8.扔掉9.对某人/某物有害 10.把......变成......11.大量的，许多的 12.作出改变13.期待/盼望某事 14.采取措施做某事15.尽某人最大努力做某事16.打扫，清理17.解决，解答18.照顾，照料19.注意【答案】1.beadangerto2.It’snouse/gooddoingsth.3.saveenergy4.turnoffthelights5.askforsb.6.dealwith/dowith7.divide…into…8.throwaway9.beharmfultosb./sth.=doharmtosb./sth.10.o=turninto11.tonsof12.makeachange13.hopeforsth.14.takestepstodosth.15.tryone’sbesttodosth.16.cleanup17.workout18.lookafter19.payattentionto知识要点二：语法知识要点二：语法1.合成构词法由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫合成构词法。合成词在英语中比较活跃。合成形容词很常见,多数用作定语,有些作表语;合成名词作主语或宾语;合成动词用作谓语。合成名词classroom（名词+名词)

blackboard（形容词+名词）handwriting（名词+动名词)

afternoon（介词+名词）合成形容词worldwide（名词+形容词)

manmade（名词+过去分词）goodlooking（形容词+现在分词）合成动词overe（副词+动词)

download（副词+动词）合成数词fiftyfour（数词+数词）合成代词somebody（不定代词+名词)

anything

（不定代词+名词）myself

（物主代词+名词）合成副词downstairs（介词+名词）wholeheartedly

（形容词+副词）2.派生构词法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫派生构词法。由此构成的新单词成派生词,加前缀或后缀的单词叫词根。词根是基础,同一个词根加上不同的词缀可以组成不同意义或不同性质的词。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。前缀多改变词义,后缀多改变词性。前缀例词en(使)enable,enrichun（不,非;表示否定）unfriendly,

unpleasant,

unfortable,unlikeunusual,unhappydis（不,非;表示否定）disadvantage,

dishonest,

disagree,dislikein（不,非）incorrect,

informalim(不,非)impossible,impolitere(又,再,重来)review,

rewrite后缀例词or/er/ian(……人,名词后缀)actor,

visitor,

singer,

Australianful(充满的……,形容词后缀)successful,

beautiful,

colourful,

wonderfultion(表示动作、状态,名词后缀)invitation,

population,

predictionless(没有、无,形容词后缀)homeless,

helpless,carelessy(表示性质,形容词后缀)funny,

healthy,

cloudy,

windyal(……的,形容词后缀)traditional,

national,

naturalable(有……特性的,形容词后缀)

fortable,

unforgettableness(状态、性质,名词后缀)

illness,happinessly（以某种方式,副词后缀）quickly,

happily,

slowly3.转化构词法一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种词性,这种构词法叫转化构词法。单词的形式没有变,只是词性和意思有变化。1.名词转化为动词:shown.展览,展示→showv.表演，展出bookn.书→bookv.预定2.形容词转化为动词:slowadj.慢的→slowv.使放慢3.动词转化为名词:walkv.步行→walkn.步行swimv.游泳→swimn.游泳【典例分析】一、

将A中的单词和B中的单词配对，组成五个合成词。A:super,

world,

house,

over,

goodB:looking,

do,

market,

wife,

famous____________________________________________________________________________【答案】supermarketworldfamoushousewifeoverdogoodlooking二、词型转换(A)根据构词法写出下列单词的反义词。1．healthy________2.careful________3．possible________4.true________5．fortable________6.usual________7．happy________ 8.helpless________(B)写出下列单词的形容词形式。1．friend________ 2.worry________3．waste________ 4.harm________5．use________ 6.health________7．environment________8.pollute________(C)写出下列单词的名词形式。1．collect________ 2.visit________3．teach________ 4.sick________5．happy________ 6.safe________7．honest________ 8.lonely________【答案】(A)1.unhealthy2.careless3．impossible4.untrue5．unfortable6.unusual7．unhappy8.helpful(B)1.friendly2.worried3.wasteful4．harmful5.used/useful/useless6．healthy7.environmental8.polluted(C)1.collection2.visitor3.teacher4．sickness5.happiness6.safety7．honesty8.loneliness三、

根据语境用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.It’s__________(usual)forafouryearoldboytowritepoemssowell.

2.MarygothurtinP.E.class.Wesenthertothehospital__________(quick).

3.Asavolunteer,it’sthe________(six)timeforhimtohelpthekidsin

Africa.

4.LaoShewasagreat__________(write)andhe’sespeciallyfamousforhisplay,

Teahouse.5.Manypeopleenjoyreadingebooks,butI__________(like)itasit’sbadfortheeyes.6.How____________(care)youare!You’veknockedthecupoffthetableagain!7.Whichteamdoyouthinkwillbethe_____________(win)ofthe20thFIFAWorldCup?8.Nickwenthomequitelateandhismotherlookedathim_____________(happy).9.Joanwashappybecauseshewasgivensome____________(use)giftslastweek.10.LiNaisafamoustennis____________(play).11.Hecan’tevenmovebecauseofhis_______________(ill).12.Somewildanimalsmay__________(appear)foreverifwedon’tstophuntingthem.13.Itoftenrains__________(heavy)inthisseasoneveryyear.14.Nanjinglooksmuchmorebeautifulon__________(snow)days.15.Larryhasputontoomuchweightbecauseofhis_________(healthy)diet.16.It’scooland_________(sun)inautumninourhometown.17.Theplanelanded_________(safe)yesterday.18.Playingtoomanyputergamesis____________(harm)toyou.19.Weshouldspeaktotheoldman_____________(polite).20.Heansweredallthequestions___________(correct),sohegotahighgradeinthefinalexam.21.Annahadafeveryesterday,soshewas_____________(able)togotoschool.22.Don’ttelllies.Nobodylikesthose_____________(honest)people.23.Shenzhenisinthe__________(south)partofChina.24.Toimproveyourwritingskills,you’dbetter_____________(development)ahabitofreading.25.Ithinkthisdictionaryis__________(help)toyourstudy.【答案】1.unusal2.quickly3.sixth4.writer5.dislike6.careful7.winner8.unhappily9.useful10.player11.illness12disappear13.heavily14.snowy15.unhealthy16.sunny17.safely18.harmful19.politely20.correctly21.unable22.unhonest23.southern24.develop25.helpful知识要点知识要点三：书面表达话题十二：保护环境人类只有一个地球，这是我们赖以生存的地方，保护环境是我们义不容辞的责任。那么我们应该怎样从身边小事做起来保护我们的环境、拯救地球呢?请以“Whatshoul