新高考英语一轮复习讲练测专题07 动词不定式 第7讲 -动词不定式（讲）（教师版）

2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第七讲—动词不定式【复习概览】动词不定式在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识核心素养动词不定式在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识核心素养语言能力语法知识语言能力语法知识1.单句填空2.语篇填空1.单句填空2.语篇填空3.单句翻译4.书面表达生活实践和学习探索情境高考评价生活实践和学习探索情境高考评价关键能力必备知识（）关键能力必备知识（）【命题分析】一、命题要求非谓语动词考点，是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：非谓语动词作定语、非谓语动词作状语、动名词作主语、非谓语动词的独立主格结构、非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换等。二、命题形式本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.短文改错；3.书面表达（尤其是读后续写中）。非谓语动词在语法填空中是必考点。2022年非谓语动词还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。在这个考点上一定多下工夫，不管花费多大的精力，让学生掌握这个考点都不为过，因为，打开2022年的高考试卷，必然会有非谓语动词。【基础巩固】知识点：不定式必备基础知识：时态主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing-----------------完成进行式tohavebeendoing-----------------●不定式的否定形式在to前加上not或者never。重难点知识：考点1不定式作主语【典例】1.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Itispossible43．(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.【答案】towalk【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it+be+adj+todosth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填towalk。2.[2021·八省1月联考）]Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasier________（make）eco-friendlylifestylechoices.【答案】tomake【解析】考查不定式。幸运的是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式。此处it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。故填tomake。【方法指导】1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；ofsb和forsb是不定式的逻辑主语：A.Itis/was+形容词（ofsb）todosth.【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用ofsb作逻辑主语：wrong,right,kind,nice,brave,careful,careless,greedy,honest,lazy,modest,selfish,thoughtful,impolite,polite,clever,foolish,silly,stupid,cruel,rude,generous，considerate…】B.Itis/was+形容词（forsb）todosth.【以下形容词通常用forsb作逻辑主语：easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,possible,safe,dangerous,unusual,wonderful…。多数情况都用forsb作逻辑主语。】1)Itispolite(ofyou)torespecttheold.2)Itisimportant(forus)todoastheRomansdo.3)It’simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.【变式】It’simportantforthefigures_________________regularly.【答案】tobeupdated【解析】考查不定式。数据定期更新是很重要的。此处it是形式主义，后面的动词不定式的复合结构是真正的主语。数据是被更新的，故用不定式的被动式。故填tobeupdated。考点2不定式作目的状语【典例】1.[2021·浙江1月]Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzeesuse________（communicate）.【答案】tocommunicate【解析】考查不定式。研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。此处不定式作目的状语，原句理解为wildchimpanzeesusegesturestocommunicate。故填tocommunicate。2.[2020·海南卷]______(survive)intheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacrossthegaps.【答案】Tosurvive【解析】考查不定式。为了在森林中生存，动物们必须在缝隙间攀爬、跳跃或飞行。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填Tosurvive。【方法指导】1.不定式作目的状语：1)Tocompletetheprojectintime,theworkerswillhavetoworkdayandnight.2)Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.3)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosavetheirvaluabletime.4)Youmustsetoutatonceinordernot(soasnot)tobelateforschool.5)Manypeoplehavetowearglassesto/inorderto/soastoseedistantobjectsclearly.=To/inordertoseedistantobjectsclearly,manypeoplehavetowearglasses.(soasto一般不放在句首)2.to不定式可作目的状语，doing也可作目的状语。区别是doing前常有一个逗号。1)Themanhascometothetown,lookingforhislostwife.2)Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint．3.为了做…,某人尽所能；尽力做…dowhatsbcantodosth:doall(that)sbcantodosth:doeverything/anything(that)sbcantodosth:1)Youmustdoeverythingthatyoucantosavethewoman'slife.2)Thefarmersoughttodowhattheycantogetinallthericebeforetheheavyrain.3)Weshoulddoall(that)wecantohelpthepoorpeopletolivethroughthewinter.4.不定式作结果状语：so/such…asto…: (如此…以致…)enough…to…: (足够)onlyto…: (结果)neverto…: (结果再也没有)too…to…: (太…而不能…)1)Shewassosillyastogiveallhermoneytothecheat.2)Theycameheresoearlyastoseethefamousfilmstars.3)Iamnotsuchafoolastobelievethatkindofthing.4)TheboyisoldenoughtojointheRoyalArmy.5)Mymother’sunclewentabroadin1936,nevertocomebackhomeagain.◆onlytodo/bedone:可译为：“结果…”这是一种预料之外的结果。常含有“惊讶，失望，放心”之意。onlydoingsth.表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。1)Shehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthe9:45trainhadleft.2)Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.3)Hisfatherdied,(only)leavinghim1000pounds.●a.too+形/副+todosth:太…而不能做。不定式为结果状语。1)Theboyistooyoungtoattendschool.2)Themanisrunningtooslowlytocatchupwithhisworkmates.●b.too+形/副+todosth:非常/很…做。这种用法too后的形容词常是：easy,anxious,eager,willing,glad,pleased,ready,satisfied等,并且too前常有not,only,but,all,just。1)Wearenottoosorrytoseethenewsoldiersleaveourhometowns.2)Iamonlytoopleasedtotakepartintheactivity.3)Theyknowbuttoowelltokeepitasecret.4)Mytailorsaretooreadytodosomesewingforthemiddleschoolstudents.5)SuchanearthquakeisalltoolikelytohappenagaininJapan.5.不定式作原因状语：1)Iamveryhappytoseeyouagain.2)Youwillbedisappointedtofailinthecollegeentranceexamsnextyear.3)Shewassorrytohavekeptuswaitingsolong.4)Shewashappytohavebeenstayingwithheraunt.5)HejumpedwithjoytoseetheniceChristmaspresents.★I.以下形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard,difficult,easy,light,heavy,nice,good,clear,dangerous,pleasant,interesting,fit,bitter,exciting,comfortable,convenient,amusing,impossible等后常接主动式不定式。如形容词前有too或形容词后有enough时，不定式用主动，被动均可。1)Chongqingishard/difficult/easytofindonthismap.2)Thismachineisveryeasytooperate.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.3)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodtobreathe.4)Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompanyispleasanttodealwith. 5)Thisbuildingisdangerous/pleasant/comfortabletolivein.6)Themedicineisbittertodrink.7)Thatflyingbirdisimpossibletocatch.8)Thefoodistoohottoeat/tobeeaten.9)Myschoolbagistooheavytocarry/tobecarried.10)Herschoolbagislightenoughtocarry/tobecarried.【变式】【变式】1[2020·海南卷]______（remember）allthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor'soffice,writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment.【答案】Toremember【解析】考查不定式。当你还没在医生办公室的时候，为了记住你有的所有问题，把它们写下来，带着这个清单去预约医生。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填Toremember。【变式】2[2021·吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量检测]Severalyearsago,WangleftShandong______(live)withhischildreninMengshancounty.【答案】tolive【解析】考查不定式。几年前，王离开山东，和他的孩子们一起住在蒙山县。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填tolive。【变式】3【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2021届高三教学情况调查（一）】ThoseofuswhowatchedthelunarvoyageofApollo11wereamazedaswesawthefirstmanwalkonthemoon.But59．(get)therethoseastronautsliterallyhadtobreakoutofthehugegravitypulloftheearth.【答案】toget【解析】考查不定式。句意：但为了到达月球，毫不夸张地说，宇航员们必须挣脱地球对其巨大的引力。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填toget。【变式】4【2021届江苏省扬州市高三上学期期初调研】ChinaisalsoactivelycommunicatingwithRussiaandEuropeancountries45．(improve)thecompatibilityoftheBDSsothatitcanbetterserveitsglobalusers.【答案】toimprove【解析】考查不定式。句意：中国也在积极与俄罗斯和欧洲国家沟通，以提高BDS的兼容性，使其能够更好地为全球用户服务。分析句子结构可知句子的谓语是iscommunicating，故空格处填非谓语动词，根据句意，此处表目的，故用不定式作目的状语。故答案为toimprove。考点3不定式作定语【典例】1.[2021·八省1月联考）]Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentways________（reduce）mycarbonfootprintontheplanet.【答案】toreduce【解析】考查不定式。在我的日常生活里，我正在进行一次寻找不同方法来减少碳排放的旅程。此处是短语waytodosomething意为：做事的方法。不定式作定语。故填toreduce。2.[2021·吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研考试]AnotherWeibouserwrote,“Thankyouforgivingmeanopportunity______(appreciate)thelandscapeinthecountryside.”【答案】toappreciate【解析】考查不定式。谢谢你给我一个欣赏乡村风景的机会。句中涉及固定短语“anopportunitytodosth.”，意为“一个做某事的机会”，此处是不定式短语作定语。故填toappreciate。【方法指导】1.不定式作定语：1)Ifthere’salotofworktodo,I’mhappytokeeponuntilitisfinished.2)Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.3)Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewtodealwithallbyourselveseveryday.4)TodayIhavenothing/somethingtosayattheconference.5)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch.6)We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiontobemadeatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.2.不定式作定语，修饰序数词等;1)ThefirstpersontoarriveatthescenewasTonyBlackfromthepolicestation.2)Shewasthefirst/second/third/tenth(student)tocometoschooltoday.3)Heisahardworkingstudent.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.3.以下不定式短语的介词不能省去，因为它们前面的名词是它的逻辑宾语：1)Iwillfindachairtositon/in.2)Youshouldfindabrighthousetolivein.3)Thepainterneedstofindsomewheretolive.4)Doyouhaveapentowritealetterwith?5)Youwillhavetobuyapieceofpapertowritethenoticeon.6)Atthedepartmentstoretherearealotofcamerastochoosefrom.7)Heisagoodpersontoworkwith.4.以下两句主语是不定式短语的逻辑宾语：1)Thesoftbedisverycomfortabletosleepon.2)Idon’tthinkthechairisfirmenoughtostandon.5.注意下面3句的区别：1)IwillattendthemeetingtobeheldnextTuesday.(表将来,被动)2)IattendedthemeetingheldlastFriday.（表过去,完成,被动）3)Iwillattendthemeetingbeingheldatthehallnow.（表进行，被动）【变式】【变式】1【江苏省无锡市第一中学2020—2021学年高三上学期开学考试】ForByteDance’s37-year-oldfounder,ZhangYiming,itispartofanambition43．(build)aglobalsoftwaregiant.Nowthatambitionisinjeopardy(危机).【答案】tobuild【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这是建立全球软件巨头雄心的一部分。此处是不定式作定语修饰ambition，表示将要发生的事情，故填tobuild。【变式】2【2021届江苏省泰州中学高三上学期第一次月度检测】Thereisnoeasyway15．(get)successinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisofgreathelp,butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizerulesfromagrammarbook.【答案】toget【解析】考查非谓语动词。句式thereisnowaytodosth，名词way后接不定式作定语。故填toget。【变式】3（2021·山东高三一模）—Didyouhearsomeone___________atthedoor?—Yes,itmustbeJohn.It’stimeforhimtogethere.A．knocks B．knocking C．knocked D．toknock【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——你听到有人正在敲门吗？——是的，肯定是约翰。他该到了。hearsb.doingsth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”，现在分词knocking在句中作宾语的补语，符合句意。故选B项。【变式】4（2021·浙江高三月考）Withtheholiday________（靠近），theexperts'suggestionthatticketsbebookedonlineisveryimportant.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】approaching【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着假期的临近，专家建议在网上订票非常重要。根据句意和汉语提示，应填动词approach，分析句子可知，“Withtheholiday①（靠近）”是固定短语“with+宾语+宾语补足语”作状语，approach与逻辑主语holiday是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填approaching。考点4不定式作表语【典例】[2021·云贵川桂四省高三上学期联考]Scientistsaroundtheworldarelookingforallkindsofwaystoprotectandmaybeevenrevivecorals.Oneoptionis______(create)moremarineprotectedareas-essentiallynationalparksintheocean.【答案】tocreate/creating【解析】考查非谓语动词一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语option的解释说明，用不定式或动名词均可。故填tocreate/creating。【方法指南】不定式作表语：不定式作表语时，主语常是:duty,work,job,task,wish,hope,thing,goal,aim,problem,question,happiness,what,advice,idea…等：1)Herdutyistolookaftertheoldleaders.2)Theirgoalistobecomeadevelopeddistrict.3)Theproblemiswheretobuildthedam.●to不定式作表语解释前面do时,to可省去:1)Yesterdayallwedidwas(to)cleanthekitchenandthetoilet.2)WhatIwouldliketodotodayis(to)haveagoodsleepathome.3)Theonlythingyouneedtodonowis(to)fillin/up/outtheformimmediately.4)Allshewantedtodowhenshegotthefirstprizeinthecontestwas(to)saythankstoherteachersandparents.考点5不定式作宾补【典例】【江苏省苏州市2021届八校联盟高三第一次适应性检测】NASAplanstohavetheastronauts44．(leave)thelandertocollectsoilandrock,searchforwaterandotherresourcesandcarryoutexperiments.【答案】leave【解析】查非谓语动词。句意：NASA计划让宇航员离开着陆器去收集土壤和岩石，寻找水和其他资源，并进行实验。havesb.dosth.“让某人做某事”，此处为省略to的不定式。故填leave。【方法指导】不定式作宾语补足语：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefersbtodo……:1)Ms.HilltoldthestudentstocopyallthewordsandexpressionsinBookSeven.2)MissJansonpersuadedtheboynottosmokeanymore.●在feel,hear,listento,lookat,see,watch,notice,let,make,have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to；但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。1)JustnowIsawamanrushoutofthebankcarryingabagofmoney.2)Everymorningtheblindmanlistenstothebirdssinginthepark.3)Thebossoftenmakestheboyworklikeacow.4)Justnowamanwasseentorushoutofthebankcarryingabagofmoney.5)Pauldoesn’thavetobemadeto