2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguage学案含解析新人教版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguage语法精讲·素养提升被动语态(PassiveVoice)视察上面对话,并完成句子(1)Iwastold(tell)nottotakeanybody’sbelongingswithoutpermissionswhenIwaslittle.

(2)Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompleted(complete)inBeijing.

(3)Thenewswouldbesentto(send)thesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.

一、被动语态常用于以下两种状况:1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。*RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.中国南方种植水稻。2.强调动作的承受者。*Thetreewasbrokenbythatboy.这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。二、将主动语态变为被动语态应留意的几种状况1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:(1)间接宾语变为主语,干脆宾语不变;(2)干脆宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。*Hetoldusastory.他给我们讲故事。→Weweretoldastorybyhim.我们听(他讲)故事。→Astorywastoldtousbyhim.故事由他给我们讲。2.动词短语视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。*Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.她将会好好照看孩子们。→Thechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.孩子们将由她来好好照看。3.复合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。留意:省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to必需补上。例如:*Someonesawhimswiminthelakeyesterday.→Hewasseentoswiminthelakeyesterday.4.特别疑问句转换成被动句时要留意词序:一般用“By+疑问词”开头。*Whohasbrokenthecup?谁打碎了杯子?→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?杯子被谁打碎了?【即学活用】(1)MyEnglishnameisWalter.ItwasgivenbymyEnglishprofessorwhenIwasattheuniversity.

我的英文名是Walter,它是我上高校时我的英语教授取的。(2)Hermoneyhasbeenrunoutofandherpatienceisalsorunningout.

她的钱已经用完了,她的耐性也要耗尽了。(3)Iwasmadetocrybythemovingmovie.

我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。三、被动语态和过去分词作表语1.意义差别:被动语态强调动作;过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。如:*Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。*Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。2.用法差别:过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征,可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰。如:*Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他对科学有极大的爱好。(系表结构)*IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn’tknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)【即学活用】语法填空(1)Iwaspleasedtohear(hear)you’vebeenpromoted.

(2)Hewaspleasedbyhisteacher’spraise.(3)Iwasquitesurprisedwiththesignificanceofthefindings.(4)Everyonewassurprisedbythespeedwithwhichthedisputewassettled.四、常见主动表被动的状况1.有些动词(cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等)常用主动形式表被动。如:*Thispenwritessmoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。*Thiscarsellswell.这车很畅销。2.在某些形容词(hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible,convenient,cheap,expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。如:*Englishiseasytolearn.英语很简单学。*Theboxisheavytocarry.这箱子重得搬不动。3.“半系动词+形容词”结构,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnout等。如:*Thefoodinthisrestauranttastesgood.这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。*Thenewsturnedout(tobe)true.这消息原来是真的。4.need,want,require,deserve,beworth后面接动词的-ing形式,主动表被动。*Thenovelisworthreading.这本小说值得一读。*Theoldhouserequiresrepairing.这所旧房子须要修理。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Thiskindofknifecuts(cut)well.(2)Yourwritingisreallydifficulttoread(read).

(3)Thatsounds(sound)great.Dealmein!(4)Alltheoldcarpetsneedreplacing/tobereplaced(replace).

五、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。如:fit,have,marry,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。【即学活用】完成句子(1)Apersonwhoistrulyhonestiscalledastraightarrow.

直言不讳的人才是真正诚恳的人。(2)Youwillbeaskedalotofstrangequestionsbythem.

他们将问你很多怪题。(3)BylastDecemberthreeshipshadbeenbuiltbythem.

到去年年底他们已建立了三艘船。(4)Ihavesomeclothestowash.

我有一些衣服要洗。(5)Yourideaprovedtobewrong.

你的想法证明是错的。(6)Thebooksellsquickly.书销售得快。(7)Willmoregasbeneeded?

须要更多的煤气吗?(8)Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.

这音乐不好听。课时检测·素养达标Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Theyaregoingtobesent(send)toworkinTibetfortwoyears.

2.—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyouareoffered(offer)thisjob?

—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary.3.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasbeingdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopichasbeenchanged(change).

4.Muchprogressisbeingmade(make)inChinawiththehelpofthepeople’shardwork.

5.Nowadays,morenewtechnologiesarebeingapplied(apply)inthefieldofIT.

6.Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewasaccused(accuse)ofcheatingcustomers.

7.Youarenotallowedtogointothemeetingroom.Asecretplanisbeingdiscussed(discuss)there.

8.Thesurfaceofthistablefeelssosmooth.Ithinkitiswellworthbuying(buy).9.Themanagerwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsoftheticketshadbeenbooked(book).

10.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayhasbeendecided(decide).

Ⅱ.将下列句子改写为被动语态1.WehavestudiedEnglishfor3yearsatthespare-timeschool.→Englishhasbeenstudiedbyusfor3yearsatthespare-timeschool.

2.Theyhadproduced100tractorsbytheendoflastyear.→100tractorshadbeenproducedbytheendoflastyear.

3.Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.→Wehavebeenwarnedtobecarefulofratsbythem.

4.Wemustkeepthisinmind.→Thismustbekeptinmind.

5.Weshallnotusethewashingmachineagain.→Thewashingmachinewillnotbeusedagain.

6.Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.

7.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.

→Iwasshownaticketbyhim.

8.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickpeople.→Thesickpeoplearebeingtakencareofbythenurse.

请用被动语态介绍你喜爱的一部科幻小说。1.《弗兰肯斯坦》(Frankenstein)是玛丽·雪莱(MarryShelley)写的一篇科幻小说。2.这本小说被认为是英国文学史上最早的科幻小说之一。3.这本小说出版后,受到广泛关注。4.小说的故事基于科学、想象和自身经验。5.这本小说已被翻译成多种语言。Frankensteinisasciencefictionwhichwaswrit