重难点25完形填空之说明文-2023年中考英语专练（原卷版）

专项五中考题型重难点25完形填空之说明文 1.命题特点分析：1.1.开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。1.2.结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。1.3.难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。1.4.说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。1.5.说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。2.解题方法：2.1.快速弄清文章大意。对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2.2.弄清楚说明的顺序。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。2.3.把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。2.4.注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。2.5.熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。（2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。1.试题难度保持基本稳定。2.强调考生的通篇理解能力。大部分题需从全文出发，根据前后语境或行文逻辑做出判断，体现出了＂突出语篇＂的命题风格。

3.考查内容主要以实词为主，其中各词考查比例稍微有变动。纵观近三年的中考题，动词、名词、形容词、副词和代词等实词的比例始终稳定占据80%左右。

4.有少量题目对初中学生提出了新的要求，即在掌握了双基的基础上对英语知识有一定的扩展。要求初中学生在掌握双基的基础上必须扩展知识面，特别是要注重开发大纲内动词的用法。典例解析（2020·四川眉山·统考中考真题）IntheUS,lotsofpeoplehavewaimai,orfooddeliveredtotheirhome.PizzaandChinesefoodarepopular.Thedelivery____73____canusuallygetthefoodtoyourdoorinhalfanhour.ButwanmaiforotherthingsisnotsoquickintheUS.Forexample,ifyouordertoothpasteorcookingoil,itwillusually____74____atleastonedaytoarrive.HereinChina.Icanordernearlyanythingandgetit____75____just30to45minutes.DidIforgettobuyonionsandcabbagesformakingdinner?Noproblemwaimaiwilldeliveritsoon.Thereisevenwaimaiforthings____76____medicineandsnacks.Somepeoplesaythismakespeoplelazier.Iguessthey’renotwrong.ButIreallylovethe____77____life.73．A．drivers B．postmen C．policemen D．cleaners74．A．spend B．cost C．take D．pay75．A．at B．for C．after D．in76．A．asfor B．suchas C．ratherthan D．insteadof77．A．fortable B．convenient C．careful D．mon【短文大意】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍美国的外卖和中国的外卖的不同之处，中国的外卖可以预订更多的事物而且有些东西送到的时间也更短。作者喜欢这种便利的生活方式。【答案解析】73．句意：送外卖的司机通常可以在半个小时内将食物送到你门口。drivers司机；postmen邮递员；policemen警察；cleaners清洁工。根据前文“fooddeliveredtotheirhome”可知外卖需要司机送到你门口，用名词drivers。故选A。74．句意：例如，如果你预订牙膏或者食用油，通常要花至少一天的时间才能到达。spend某人花费时间在某物上或做某事；cost某物花某人多少钱；take做某事花某人多长时间；pay某人为某物付款。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式toarrive，此处表达“到达要花多长时间”用动词take，故选C。75．句意：我可以预订几乎任何的东西而且可以在30到45分钟内就能得到它。at表示具体的某一时刻；for为了；after在……之后；in一段时间以内或者以后。“

just30to45minutes”是一段时间，此处用in表示30到45分钟以内或者以后。故选D。76．句意：甚至有外卖比如药品和小吃这样的东西。asfor对于；suchas例如；ratherthan而不是；insteadof而不是。根据“medicineandsnacks”可知是在举例说明，用短语suchas。故选B。77．句意：但是我真的喜欢这种便利的生活。fortable舒服的；convenient便利的；careful小心的；mon平常的。根据前文讲述的外卖可以在很短时间送任何东西，可以此处用形容词convenient表达“便利的”。故选B。（2022·安徽淮南·统考二模）Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitable(好客的).Manyevenfeelthattheywilllosefaceiftheir____1____eatupallthefoodonthetable.Asweallknow,foodwastebeesa____2____probleminChina.Luckily,thissituationcanbe____3____withthehelpofarule.Accordingtotherule,foodproviderswhoencourageorforcepeopleto____4____toomuchfoodmayfacefines(罚款)ofupto10,000yuan.Andtheyshouldremindpeopletoorderthe____5____amountoffood.Besides,peopleareencouragedtofinishallthefoodonthediningtable.Nowmanypeopleshowtheirsupportfortherulebysharingphotosandvideosofempty____6____online.AndmanyChinesepeoplehave____7____thehabitoftakingleftovers(吃剩的食物)home.Thepurposeofintroducingtheruleisnotto____8____anybody,buttoavoidfoodwaste.Wastingfoodisnotjustawasteofmoney,butmore.____9____,itisawasteofresources(资源).It’snecessarytocreateanenvironmentallyfriendly_____10_____.Inaword,thereisnoexcuseforwastingfood.1．A．leaders B．winners C．guests D．officers2．A．simple B．serious C．possible D．different3．A．changed B．accepted C．created D．returned4．A．sell B．order C．cook D．taste5．A．same B．total C．large D．proper6．A．chairs B．bowls C．buses D．rooms7．A．expected B．broken C．discovered D．developed8．A．punish B．allow C．invite D．understand9．A．naturally B．similarly C．importantly D．interestingly10．A．society B．family C．school D．pany（2021·广东广州·校考二模）Itisacoldanddrywintermorning.Whenyou___11___,yousuddenlyfeelthatyourthroathurts.Youbegintosneezeandlateryoumaycough.Youmusthaveacold!Waitasecond.Coulditjustbea___12___coldorthefluthat'sbeengoingaround?Acoldgivesyouarunnynoseandcough.Butit'susuallyeasyto___13___with.Sometakemedicinesuchasaspirin(阿司匹林)___14___otherstryhometreatmentslikeherbalteaorchickensoup.Usuallyyoufeelbetterafteraweek.Thefluontheotherhandcanbemuchmore___15___.Itusuallygivesyoufever.Sometimesitcanbedeadly.Theworstflu,thesocalledSpanishFluof1918to1919,killedabout50millionpeople,accordingtoTheAtlantic.Don'tworry.Gettingafluvaccine(流感疫苗)can___16___youfromthevirus.Fluvaccinesworkbygivingthebodyasmallamountoffluviruses.Thiscausesourbodytodevelopantibodies（抗体).___17___nexttimeyougettheflu,theantibodiescanhelpprotectyou.Unfortunately,thefluvirus___18___everyfewyears.Therefore,therearesomanytypesofflu,suchasH1N1andH5N1.Theantibodiesforonetypeofflucan'tprotectusagainstalltypesofflu.That's___19___weneedtogetthevaccineeveryyear.However,goodhealth____20____mayalsohelptopreventacoldorflu.Washingyourhandsoftenhelpsprotectyoufromviruses.Gettingregularexerciseandeatinghealthyfoodisalsoimportant.Allthesecanhelpyoustrengthenyourimmunesystem(免疫系统).11．A．standup B．turnup C．giveup D．wakeup12．A．mon B．little C．popular D．strange13．A．agree B．deal C．meet D．start14．A．because B．after C．until D．while15．A．interesting B．familiar C．dangerous D．smooth16．A．protect B．leave C．recover D．draw17．A．So B．Unless C．Since D．As18．A．stops B．changes C．spreads D．kills19．A．how B．when C．whether D．why20．A．clubs B．customs C．habits D．hobbies（2022·河北石家庄·统考三模）Ifafriendhelpsyoualot,whatdoyoudoinreturn?Youcouldjustsay“thanks”,oryoucouldwritea(an)___21___notewhichismorepolite.Butmostpeopledon’tdothis.Whydon’tpeoplelike___22___thankyounotes?Andhowdomostpeoplereact(反应)whenthey___23___one?KumarfromUniversityofTexasmadeastudyofit.Heaskedeachstudenttowriteathankyounotetoanotherperson___24___email.Then,theyquestionedboththewriterandtherecipient(接受者)aboutthenoteandhowitmadethemfeel.Theyfoundtherewereseveral___25___forpeoplenottowritethankyounotes.Theyfeelliketheyhavetothinktoomuchaboutit.They___26___whattosayandhowtosayit.Theyalsooverthinkthe“correctness”ofwhattheyarewriting.Butpeople___27___likereceivingthankyounotes.“Asrecipients,theypayattentiontothe___28___ofthethank,”Kumarsays.“Besides,they(recipients)feelpositive(积极的)___29___theywerereceivingtheseexpressions.”Ifpeopleknewthatwritingathankyounotecanhavesuchabiginfluenceontherecipient,theywoulddoitmore___30___.Kumaradds.Kumarsaysthisstudytoldusthat“simple,smallchangesinoureverydaylivescanmakeabigdifferenceinhowwetreatotherpeopleandhowwefeel.”21．A．advice B．thankyou C．instructions D．sale22．A．reading B．copying C．finding D．sending23．A．write B．hear C．receive D．offer24．A．by B．in C．at D．for25．A．forms B．reasons C．skills D．uses26．A．carefor B．takedown C．worryabout D．makeup27．A．easily B．recently C．finally D．really28．A．warmth B．time C．result D．spirit29．A．before B．when C．if D．though30．A．seldom B．hardly C．often D．usually（2022·山东淄博·统考一模）COVID19outbreakdrivesthegeneralpublictotakemeasurestoprotectthemselves.InmanyAsiancountriesit’s___31___toseepeoplewearingmasks(口罩)inpublic.However,thispracticeisalmostunheardofinmanyWesterncountries.InmanyAsiancountries,peoplewithcoldsare___32___towearmaskstopreventothersfromgettingsick.Somepeoplewithallergies(过敏症)feelthatwearingmaskshelpsthembreathebetter.Maskshave___33___beeafashionaccessory(配饰).Somepeoplelikethemysterious___34___masksgivethem,whileothersenjoythefeelingofprivacytheyprovideinpublic.However,inmostWesterncountries,masksareonlywornbyhospitalworkersand___35___.Ifyouwearoneinpublic,peoplemightfinditunusualormayworrythatyouhaveaterribledisease.What’smore,masksaren’tusuallythoughtasawayto___36___illness.Instead,moreattentionispaidonhandwashing,andpeoplewhoaresickareencouragedtostayhome.Inadditionin___37___likeFrance,Italy,andAustria,itisactuallyagainstlawstowearamaskinpublic.Thelawstrytostoppeoplefromhidingtheirfacesforpublicsafety.Thisis___38___wearingamaskwouldmakeitmoredifficultforthepolicetofindacriminal.Somecountries___39___wearingmasksonlyinhighricksituations,suchaspubliceventsorprotests.Inothers,wearingamaskanywhereinpubliccouldverywellresultinafine(罚款).Asyoucansee,masksaretreatedvery____40____inAsiaandtheWest.Whileculturaldifferencesliketheseareimportanttoavoid,weshouldalltrytounderstandandrespecteachothernomatterwhat.31．A．mon B．difficult C．special D．fortable32．A．refused B．remembered C．encouraged D．disagreed33．A．still B．also C．instead D．yet34．A．sound B．taste C．smell D．look35．A．patients B．students C．teachers D．players36．A．develop B．reach C．prevent D．find37．A．villages B．towns C．cities D．countries38．A．although B．because C．unless D．until39．A．allow B．accept C．study D．believe40．A．easily B．importantly C．differently D．carefully（2022·河北·模拟预测）CustomersintheUSspendlessmoneyonBlackFridaythanprevious(以前的)years.BlackFridayisthedayafterThanksgivingintheUS.Thanksgivingisalwaysthefourth____41____inNovember.BlackFridayistraditionallythedaywhentheChristmasshoppingperiodbegins.Itisusuallyoneofthe____42____daysoftheyearforsellers.Manysellers____43____theirpricestoencourageshopperstospendtheirmoney.Somecustomersarriveatstoresbeforetheyopen,andwaitinlineforachancetobuy____44____things.Lastyear,Americans____45____atotalof$57.4billionoverthefourdays(fromThursdaytoSunday).However,thisyear,expertsthinkthattheamountwill____46____toaround$50.9billion.BlackFridaystartedintheUS,buthasbeemorepopularinother____47____recently.ManycustomersfromtheUKhavestartedspendingmoremoneyonBlackFriday,eventhoughBritishpeopledon'tcelebrateThanksgiving.OnlinesellerAmazonUKsaidthatFridaywasitsbusiestdayever.Accordingtothe____48____,customersbought5.5millionproductsonFriday,whichwasaround64thingspersecond.ManystoresintheUKalsoofferedcheap____49____,suchasTVs,coffeemachinesandotherelectronicproducts.Insomestoresshoppers_____50_____toleavethestore,eventhoughalloftheproductshadalreadybeensoldout.41．A．Monday B．Tuesday C．Wednesday D．Thursday42．A．busiest B．coldest C．quietest D．longest43．A．raise B．rise C．reduce D．change44．A．heavy B．big C．cheap D．special45．A．made B．spent C．took D．paid46．A．increase B．add C．drop D．get47．A．cities B．mountains C．towns D．countries48．A．website B．study C．story D．diary49．A．vegetables B．products C．fruits D．snacks50．A．hoped B．decided C．refused D．tried（2020·江苏苏州·统考一模）WhenIgothometheotherday,Ifoundalovelyredenvelope(信封)waitingforme.Itwasanotefromafriendofmine,congratulating(祝贺)meonmynewbook.Itwas___51___unexpectedandjoyful.Ina___52___worldwhereeveryoneistoorushedforeverything,herearesomewaysthatyoucanbeamorewonderfulhuman:RediscoversnailmailAndnotjustforlife’sbigevents.Consider___53___onesyoucanstickastamponandsendlovetoward.Maybesomeonelosttheirdog,andyouwanttoexpressyour___54___.Maybeaclassmatedidsomethingbrave,andyouwanttoshowgratefulnessorthanks.SmileanddialWhenwasthelasttimeyou___55___someonetowishthemahappybirthday,togetwellortosaythankyou?Textmessagesaregreat.Butwhensomeonepicksupthephone,youheartheirvoiceandcansharealaugh(orevenacry)together,andit___56___anemoji(表情符号)anydayoftheweek.Asksomeonetheirgoals+givealittlesomethingAsksomeoneabouttheirgoalsfortheyearisaverygenerousact.Thiskindofquestiongoes___57___surface(表面的)conversationandleadsyoutoreallygettoknowaperson.Askjustoutofcuriosity.Besides,givethemsomethingthatmighthelpthem:abook,aconnection,orevenjustafewwordsof___58___.ShareyourblessingsImadeapromiseearlierthisyeartogivealittlemoneyeverymonthtocharity.I___59___myselfoftenofsomethingthatAnneFrankwrote:“Howwonderfulitisthat____60____needwaitasinglemomentbeforestartingtoimprovetheworld.”Thepower’salwaysours.51．A．pletely B．carefully C．correctly D．peacefully52．A．lazy B．busy C．crazy D．silly53．A．luckier B．better C．smaller D．stranger54．A．sadness B．carelessness C．happiness D．illness55．A．asked B．told C．mistake D．called56．A．loses B．shuts C．steals D．beats57．A．through B．beyond C．across D．for58．A．encouragement B．development C．government D．instrument59．A．reach B．record C．remind D．remember60．A．everybody B．nobody C．anybody D．somebody（2022·江苏常州·统考一模）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ResearchersatChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorphavedevelopedandmadetheworld’sfirstrobotwhaleshark,whichhasbeen__61__inanaquarium(水族馆)atShanghaiHaichangOceanParkinthecity’sPudongNewAreasinceJanuary.Thewhalesharkisaslowmovingcarpetsharkandthelargestknownlivingfish.__62__andbuiltbyengineersattheShenyangbasedNo.111Factory,theunderwaterrobotis4.7meterslong,___63___350kilo