5.2Grammar-2022-2023学年七年级英语下册（牛津深圳版）

Unit5Grammar基础篇一、夯实基础内容呈现：数量词（组）数量词（组）即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词修饰可数名词即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词修饰可数名词alittlealittlelittlemuchsomuchtoomuch等afewfewmanysomanytoomany等someanysomeanyplentyofalotofenough等（1）few,afew,little,alittle用法表示否定意义表示肯定意义修饰/代指可数名词复数fewafew修饰/代指不可数名词littlealittle点对点练习用few,afew,little,alittle填空1.Pleasehurryup.Thereis_________timeleft.【解析】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time不可数名词。little表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。2.Pleasedon’tworry.Thereisstill_________timeleft.【解析】alittle句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。alittle表示：有一点。3.Theboxisveryheavy.And___________ofuscanliftit.【解析】few句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。4.Thereis__________inkinmypen,Pleasegiveme____________.【解析】littlealittle句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。5.Simonmakes__________friendsinhisclassbecauseheisveryselfishanddishonest.【解析】few句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。6.Thereis_________foodinthecupboard.Imustgoandgetsome.【解析】little句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little几乎没有。符合题意。7.Thequestionisdifficultand____________studentscananswerit.【解析】few句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。8.Thequestionisdifficultbut____________studentscananswerit.【解析】afew句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。Afew有几个。（2）many，much，等相关表达eq\o\ac(○,1)toomany意为__________，toomuch意为__________；eq\o\ac(○,2)somany意为__________，somuch意为__________eq\o\ac(○,3)muchtoo意为__________，后接意为_______________。点对点练习请用toomuch,muchtoo,toomany填空1).Thereis_____________riceinmybowl.2).Wehave_____________applesinthebag.3)Todayis_____________hot.4）Don’teat_______fat(肥肉),oryou’llget_______fat.5）Youcansee____snoweverywhere.It's____cold.【答案】1.toomuch2.toomany3.muchtoo4.toomuchmuchtoo5.toomuchmuchtoo（3）enough的用法enoughadj.足够的；充分的adj.充足的；足够的，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，可以放在名词前面，也可以放在名词后面。adv.足够地，修饰形容词、副词、动词，并放在其后。enough的常用结构(1)“形容词/副词+enoughtodo”足够，以致能……(2)“enough+名词+todosth”意为“足够的……可以做某事”(3)“no+形容词/副词+enough+todosth”意为“不够……做某事”点对点练习1.—Didyougetthepresent?—No,Igotthere

butthereweren't

.A.

enoughearly;enoughpresentsB.

earlyenough;enoughpresents

C.

earlyenough;presentsenoughD.

enoughearly;presentsenough【解析】B句意：——你得到礼品了吗？——没有，我到的足够早，但是没有足够的礼品了。形容词或者副词+enough足够……，固定搭配，early是副词，所以用earlyenough，排除A、D。enough+名词，固定搭配，presents是名词，所以用enoughpresents，故选B。2.Asteenagers,weare______tohelpwithhousework.Wecanhelpwashthedishesandwashourclothes.A.

enoughyoung

B.

enoughold

C.

oldenough

D.

youngenough【解析】C句意：作为青少年，我们足够大了可以帮助做家务。我们可以帮忙洗碗和洗衣服。enough修饰形容词，位于形容词后，故排除A和B选项，根据Wecanhelpwashthedishesandwashourclothes，可知能帮助做家务是年龄足够大了，old，年老的，故选C。3.Cathycheckedherpaper______sothatshecouldgetgoodgradesthistime.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.enoughcarefullyD.carefullyenough【解析】D形容词/副词+enoughforsb”对某人来说足够…….这里enough修饰副词同样放在副词后面。故用D二、单项选择。1.Canyougivemesomeadviceonhowtobeslimmer?Eat__________meatand___________cakes.A.less;less B.fewer;fewer C.less;fewer D.fewer;less【答案】C【解析】句意：——你能给我一些关于如何苗条的建议吗？——少吃肉类和蛋糕。本题考查little和few的用法。little修饰不可数名词，其比较级为less；few修饰可数名词，其比较级为fewer。meat“肉”，不可数名词，因此应该用less来修饰，排除B/D；cakes“蛋糕，糕点”，可数名词，因此应该用fewer来修饰。故选C。2.Mycousinis________heavybecauseheofteneats________fastfood.A.toomuch;toomanyB.toomany;toomuchC.muchtoo;toomuchD.toomuch;muchtoo【答案】C【解析】句意：我的堂弟太胖了，因为他总是吃太多快餐。muchtoo修饰形容词或副词，toomuch修饰不可数名词。第一个空修饰形容词heavy；第二个空修饰不可数名词food。故选C。3.__________isyourTshirt,Kate?It'ssevendollars.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.HowoldD.howbig【答案】A【解析】句意：——凯特，你的T恤衫多少钱？——7美元。howmuch"多少”，用于询问不可数名词的数量或价格；howmany“多少”，询问可数名词的数量；howold“多大”，询问年龄。根据答语“它7美元”可推知：是询问价格，故用howmuch。故选A.4.Heinvitedsomeclassmatestoetohisparty,but____came.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few【答案】D【解析】alittle和little修饰不可数名词.afew和few修饰可数名词；alittle和afew表示肯定，little和few表示否定；根据but可判断前后分句之间为转折关系，所以选D5.Cathycheckedherpaper____sothatshecouldgetgoodgradesthistime.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.enoughcarefullyD.carefullyenough【答案】D【解析】句意：Cathy足够认真地检查了试卷以便她这次能取得好成绩。本题考查副词用法。设空处修饰谓语动词checked，故应选用副词作状语，故排除A、B选项，又因为enough应在adj./adv.后面，故选D6.Arethere______childrenplayingintheplayground?Yes,thereare____.A.any；anyB.some；someC.some；anyD.any；some【答案】D【解析】句意：——操场上有一些孩子在玩吗？——是的。有一些。some用于肯定句或委婉地提出请求；any用于否定句或疑问句。由句意可知选D7.There______too_________waterinthecloudanditbegantorainsoon.A.is;much B.was;manyC.was;much D.is;many【答案】C【解析】句意：云中的水太多了，很快就开始下雨了。Water不可数名词。从后一句可知要用一般过去时。8.We'lltryourbesttodotheworkwith_______moneyand________people.A.few;little B.afew;alittleC.less;fewer D.fewer;less【答案】C【解析】句意：我们会尽量用更少的钱和更少的人来做这项工作。few修饰可数名词，其比较级为fewer。People可数名词。little修饰不可数名词，其比较级为less。Money不可数名词。9.Don'tspend______timeonputergames.A.toomuch B.muchtooC.toomany D.manytoo【答案】A【解析】A.toomuch修饰不可数名词。太多。 B.muchtoo修饰形容词。C.toomany太多。修饰可数名词。Time不可数名词，故答案选A10.Paulhas___friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.many B.someC.more D.few【答案】D【解析】根据句意：Paul有时感到孤独。说明Paul几乎没有朋友。Few表示几乎没有。故答案选D11.Shallweleavenow?Don'thurry.Westillhave___timeleft.A.little B.alittleC.few D.afew.【答案】B【解析】alittle和little修饰不可数名词.afew和few修饰可数名词；alittle和afew表示肯定，little和few表示否定；不着急，我还有点时间剩下。表示肯定故选B。12.Shallweleavenow?Hurryup！Wehave________timeleft.A.little B.alittleC.few D.afew.【答案】A【解析】alittle和little修饰不可数名词.afew和few修饰可数名词；alittle和afew表示肯定，little和few表示否定；句意：快点！说明没时间剩下。故用否定。Little。表示几乎没有。故选A。三、选择适当的单词或词组填空1.—Didyoubuy__________（many,some）books?—Yes.TheyweresoheavythatIhadtofindsomebodytohelpmecarrythem.2.—Didyoubuy____________（toomuch,toomany）food?—Yes.Wecouldn’teatitup.3.—Doyouhave_________（much,enough）money?—Ithinkso.Wehave50yuan,andthepenwillcostabout40yuan.4.Myuncledrinks_________（alotof,alittle）teaeveryday.Hereallylikesit.5.Thereis___________（little,few）milkinthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysome.6.—Isthere__________（notmuch,enough）waterleftinthebottle?—No,weneedtobuysome.7.Wehave_________（toofew,toolittle）cups.Therearetenchildreningbutwehaveonly8cups.8.—Iwanttowashmyhair.Isthere_________（any,some）shampoo?—Yes,thereisstill_________（any,some）inthebottle.9.Youbought__________（toomany,some）apples.Wejustneedtwo.10.—CanyouspeakEnglish?—Yes.Butjust__________（alittle,little）.【答案】1.many2.toomuch3.enough4.alotof5.littlt6.notmuch7.toofew8.anysome9.toomany10.alittle四、用much，many，few，little，afew和alittle填空1）Thereare_______busesinLondon.2)Ihaven'tgot_______timeforstudyinrecentweeks.3)Pleasedon'tmakeso_______noise.4)Janedoesn'tknow_______peopleinShanghaiandhasonly_______friendshere.5)Idon'tlike_______butteronmybread.6)Bobsaidthathehad_______moneyandhecouldnotgoanywhere.7)Thereareonly_______cigarettesinthebox.doyouwanttohaveone？8)Thereisonly_______tealeftintheteapot.I'llgoandmakesomemore.9)Janegaveme_______helpwithmywork,soImadegreatprogress.10)Yourhomeworkisbetterthanusual.Welldone.Youhave________mistakes.【答案】1.many2.much3.much4.manyafew5.much6.little7.afew8.alittle9.much10.few五、完成句子1.博物馆里参观者太多了。Thereare______________________________________inthemuseum.2.你浪费了太多时间。Youwasted______________________________________.3.锅里的水太少了。Thereis__________________________________inthepot.4.约翰拥有的书籍太少了。Johnhas_________________________________.5.很多人在地铁里候车。________________________________arewaitingintheunderground.6.我从图书馆借来了很多书，但我只读了其中几本，因为我几乎没有时间。I

borrowed

______

____________

books

fromthelibrary,butIreadonly______

______

ofthembecauseIhad______time.

7.这对双胞胎会说一点法语，她们认识几个法语单词。Thetwinscanspeak

______

______

French.Theyknow

______

______

Frenchwords.8.这件大衣多少钱？_______________________isthecoat?9.你需要多少牛奶？______________________milkdoyouneed?10.一小时是多少分钟？_____________________________minutesarethereinanhour?【答案】1.toomanyvisitors2.toomuchtime3.toolittlewater4.toofewbooks5.Manypeople6.alotofafewlittle7.alittleafew8.Howmuch9.Howmuch10.Howmany提高篇六、语法填空。根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。Waterisveryimportanttous.Wecan’tlivewithoutit.Thereis1.__________（lotsof,some）wateronEarth,butwecan’tuse2.__________（toomuch,toolittle）.About97%oftheEarth’swaterissalty.Wecanuseonlyabout1％oftheEarth’swater.It’s3.__________（toofew,toolittle）.Weusewaterfrombothlakesandrivers.4.__________（Some,Any）ofthewaterevaporatesandthenbeesrain.SometimestheEarth’swaterisinthewrongplace.Thereis5.__________（plentyof,little）raininthetropics（热带地区），butitisdifficulttohavefarmsthere.6.__________（Some,Enough）desertlandisrich,butthereisonly7.__________（alittle,afew）waterinthedesert.Thewaterisnecessaryforus8.__________（live）anditisvery9.__________（value）.Wemustsavewaterbecausewecanuse10.__________（toomuch,toolittle）Earth’swater.【答案】1.lotsof2.toomuch3.toolittle4.some5.plentyof6.some7.alittle8.tolive9.valuable七、语法选择Lucywasinthebathroom.Shewas___1___herteethandthetapwason.Waterwasrunning.“Turnthattapoff,”avoicesaidloudly.Lucywasshocked.Shelookedaround___2___sawnoone.“Turnthattapoff.Youarewastingwater!”Someoneshouted___3___.ThistimeLucyturnedoffthetapandasked,“Who…whoareyou?”“Iamadropofwater.It’snoteasyformetogethere.Doyouknow___4___I’mfrom?”“Fromthetap?”saidLucy.“No.Afewdaysago,Iwasflyingfortablyin___5___cloud,enjoyingtheviewfromthesky.ThenIdroppedintoariver____6____carriedmetoalake.Thenitwastimeformetoget___7___up.”“Really?”Lucydoubted.“Yes.Iwasdirtyaftermyjourney.Soinordertomakemesafe___8___,peoplegavemeapletecleaning.Afterthat,Itravelledinthepipesunderthestreets.Iwaitedthere___9___youcalledme,andhereIam.”Lucysaid,“Sothisistheendofyourlife?”“No.Whenyou’vefinishedwithme,Iwillbebackintheseaagain.That’swhereIcamefrominthefirstplace.Remembernottowastemeorpolluteme.I’mvaluable,likegold.Seeyou.”“Waitaminute.Whatdoyoumean____10____gold?”Buttherewasnoreply.Thewaterhadgone.1.A.brushed B.tobrush C.brushing D.beingbrushed2.A.and B.but C.or D.so3.A.impolitely B.impolite C.polite D.politely4.A.why B.how C.when D.where5.A.the B.a C.an D./6.A.which B.who C.whose D.why7.A.clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.toclean8.A.drink B.todrink C.tobedrunk D.drinking9.A.after B.before C.unless D.until10.A.about B.by C.on D.of【答案】1.C

2.B

3.A

4.D

5.B

6.A

7.C

8.B

9.D

10.B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个拟人化的水滴讲述了自己的来处并教育人们要珍惜水资源。1.句意：她正在刷牙，水龙头开着。brushed刷，过去分词；tobrush刷，动词不定式；brushing刷，现在分词；beingbrushed刷，现在进行时被动语态。根据句子结构，空格处位于“are+现在分词”结构中。故选C。2.句意：她环顾四周，但没有看到任何人。and和；but但是；or或者；so因此。根据前后语境可知，她环顾四周，但没有看到任何人。此处存在转折关系，故应用表转折的连词but，故选B。3.句意：有人不礼貌地大叫着。impolitely不礼貌地，副词；impolite不礼貌地，形容词；polite礼貌的，形容词；politely礼貌的，副词根据句中“shouted”提示，此处应用副词，且大喊大叫是不礼貌的，故应用“不礼貌地”副词。故选A。4.句意：你知道我来自哪里吗？why为什么；how怎么样；when什么时候；where哪里。根据下文“Afewdaysago,Iwasflyingfortablyinacloud,enjoyingtheviewfromthesky.ThenIdroppedintoariverwhichcarriedmetoalake.Thenitwastimeformetogetcleanedup”可知，是在说水滴是从哪里来的。故选D。5.句意：几天前，我在云中舒适地飞翔，欣赏着天空的景色。the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词。空格后为单数名词“cloud”，故应用不定冠词表示概念“一”，且“cloud”以辅音音素开头，故应用“a”。故选B。6.句意：然后，我掉进了一条河中，河水把我带到了一个湖里。which哪一个；who谁；whose谁的；why为什么。根据句子结构，该句为定语从句，先行词为“river”，指物，故应用关系代词which，故选A。7.句意：然后是时候把我清理干净了。clean清扫，动词原形；cleaning清扫，现在分词；cleaned清扫，过去分词；toclean清扫，动词不定式。根据语境可知，水滴与动词“clean”之间为被动关系，故应用“get+过去分词”表被动语态。故选C。8.句意：所以为了让我喝得安全，人们给了我一次彻底的清洁。drink喝，动词原形；todrink喝，动词不定式；tobedrunk喝，动词不定式被动语态；drinking喝，现在分词。根据上文“makemesafe”可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。9.句意：我在那里等着，直到你召唤我，我就在这里了。after在……后；before在……之前；unless除非；until直到。结合前后文“Iwaitedthere”和“youcalledme”可知，是知道被召唤之前，一直呆在水管里。故选D。10.句意：等等，你说的金子是什么意思？about关于；by说到；on在……上；of……的。Whatdoyoumeanby…?意为“你这……是什么意思?”，符合句意，故选B。八、阅读理解LivinginChina,itisveryeasyforustogetcleanwater.However,inmanyotherplacesaroundtheworld,cleanwaterisunavailable.TakeLiberia(利比里亚)asanexample.Manypeopletherehavenochoicebuttodrinkdirtywater.Everyyear,manychildrendieofdiarrhea(腹泻).DestineeWhitakerlearnedthiswhensheenteredhighschool.Theproblemworriedheralot.TheAmericangirlwantedtomakeadifference.Shesharedherwishwithherschoolmates.Together,theydiscussedhowtohelppeopleinLiberia.Thestudentsdecidedtodonatewaterpurificationsystems(水质净化系统)toLiberia.Toraisemoney,theyheldbakesalesattheirschool.Finally,theycollectedenoughmoney.Whitakergaveacheck(支票)topeopleinLiberia.Thelocalpeoplewereexcitedaboutthe“gift”.Theyweremovedbywhatthestudentshaddone.Remember:Noteveryoneinthisworldhaswhatwehave.Noteveryonelivesthewaywelive.Byputtingher“bigdream”intoaction,WhitakerchangedthelivesofmanyLiberianpeople.Then,whatcanyoudotomakethisworldabetterplace?1.WhydomanychildrendieofdiarrheainLiberia?A.Becausetherearen’tanydoctors. B.Becausethereisn’tcleanwater.C.Becausetheydon’thaveenoughmedicine. D.Becausepeoplethereliketodrinkdirtywater.2.WhatdoesDestineeWhitakerdo?A.Sheisahighschool