第12讲代词的用法（原卷版）-2023年七年级英语寒假课（牛津上海版）

第12讲代词的用法【基础知识】一、定义：代词是为避免重复，用来代替名词或名词短语的词。表示表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”表示“我(们)，你(们)，他(们)等表示物体所属关系表示“某人自己”表示不确定的人或物在疑问句中起到名词作用或构成疑问句指oneanother和eachother两对连接名词性从句的词，如宾语从句等连接定语从句的代词代词是为避免重复，用来代替名词或名词短语的词二．代词的用法：代词的分类：英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词七种。一、人称代词A.定义：表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：人称数格单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheherititB.排列顺序：

1)单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称>第三人称>第一人称:you>he/she>IYou,heandIshouldgivethebooksbacktotheschoollibrary.

2)复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称>第二人称>第三人称:we>you>TheyWe,youandtheyaregoingtoworkonthefarmthisweekend.注意：单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先。C.人称代词的用法：人称代词的主格在句中做主语,通常放在句子开头。例：IamstudyingEnglish.(主语)人称代词的宾格在句中做宾语,通常放在介词和动词之后。例：Pleasegivemeabook,Lily.(宾语）动宾结构Mycatlookatme.(宾语)介宾结构注：类似的介词有：to,for,with,of,方位介词(beside,behind...)二、物主代词A.定义：表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。数类别人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirsB.物主代词的用法：1.形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，后面需要形容名词。例：MysisteriswatchingTV.2.名词性物主代词独立使用，后面不加名词。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。例：Herbagisbig.Mineissmall.(Mine=mybag)3.“of+名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：Afriendofminecametoseemeyesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了)(指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)Myfriendcametoseemeyesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)三、反身代词表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做反身代词。数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself,herself,itselfthemselves1.有些动词需有反身代词:enjoy,hurt,introduce,help,by...Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.请你随便吃点鱼。

2.第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。

Youshouldbeproudofyourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。△1．单数变复数的规则：同名词单复数变化规则相同即把f改为v，再加es。2．相关连接：1.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime“玩得高兴”6.saytooneself自言自语2.helponeselfto...（招待用语）“随便吃……”7.dressoneself穿衣3.teachoneself/learnbyoneself“自学……8.lookafteroneself照顾自己4.makeoneselfathome别拘束9.loseoneselfin投身于，沉浸于5.byoneself独自地;单独地=alone10etooneself苏醒过来四、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。近指远指单数thisthat复数thesethose△注意：this引出下文，that常代替前面刚提到的。注意：常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。单数用’that’,复数用’those’代替。that=theone,those=theones.eg:TheTVsetsmadeinChinaarecheaperthanthose/theonesmadeinEngland.eg:TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhouinwinter.五．相互代词表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。eachother,oneanother是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。eachother表示两者之间,而oneanther表示许多人之间。如：Wemusthelpeachotherwhenweareintrouble.Theysattherewithouttalkingtooneanother/eachother.六、疑问代词1.who,whom的用法表示“谁的”Whoputthelightout?/Whomareyoutalkingto?2.whose的用法表示“谁的”Whosecameraisthis?3.which的用法意为”哪一个,哪一些”Whichismoreinteresting,thisbookorthat?4.what的用法意为“什么”WhatdoyouusuallydoonSunday?不定代词一.定义：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数含义someanynonone//each(every)oneeither,neithersotheother,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,alittleall/////复数含义manyfew,afewonesbothothers,theothers注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事),someone(某人),somebody(某人),anything(任何事),anyone(任何人),anybody(任何人),nothing(没事),nobody(没有人),noone(没有人),everything(一切),everyone(每个人),everybody(每个人).二．不定代词的用法：(1)some和any的用法：some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。eg:Ihavesomeworktodotoday./Theywillgotheresomeday.some用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。eg:Wouldyoulikesomecoffeewithsugar?any一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。eg:Theydidn’thaveanyfriendshere./Haveyougotanyquestionstoask?any用于陈述句句时,意思是“任何的”。eg:eherewithanyfriend.小练习：用some和any完成下列对话:Lucy:It’stimefordinner.Wouldyouliketobuy________foodforme?

Lily:Sure.Whatdoyouneed?

Lucy:Mm,________apples________chickenand________bread.Oh,Idon'thave________milk.

Lily:Ok.I'llbuy________.Doyouneed________juice?Er,howabout________orangjuice?

Lucy:Goodidea!Whencanwestartourhomework?Lily:Wecanstarttodoourhomeworkat________time.keys：some,some,some,some,any,some,any,some,any(2)many和much的用法：

many,much都意为"许多",many+可数名词，much+不可数名词。

eg:Howmanypeoplearethereatthemeeting?Theyhaven’tgotmuchworktodo.小练习：用many和much填空:1.thereisn‘t__________moneyleftinherbankaccount(银行账户).2.youhaven'tgotas__________CDsasl'vegot.3.wedon'tsee__________foreignvisitorsinourvillage.4.Ihaven'tgot__________timeforstudyinrecentweeks.keys：much,many,many,much(3)few、little、afew、alittle的用法：可数不可数肯定afew(有一些)alittle(有一些)否定few(几乎没有)little(几乎没有)eg:Hehasafewfriends.他有几个朋友。Hehasfewfriends.他几乎没有朋友。

Westillhavealittletime.我们还有点时间。Thereislittletimeleft.几乎没有时间了。小练习：用)few、little、afew、alittle填空:1.Thereare________youngpeopleherenowthanthereusedtobe.2.Breadcosts________inthisshopthaninmostothershops.3.Therearestill________eggsinthebasket.Youcangotothestorelater.4.Thereare________applesinthefridge.Letgetoutandgetsome.5.Thereisonly________breadinthefridge.Letgetoutandgetsome.6.Thereis__________left.Hurryup,orwe’llbelateforschool.keys：fewer,less,afew,few,alittle,little(4)all和both的用法：All“三者或以上都”,用来代替或修饰可数名词或者不可数名词。Both“两者都”,用来代替或修饰可数名词。Both和all后都可以加“of”.小练习：用all和both填空:1.ofuswenttoseethefilmbeacausewehadmoneytobuyticketyesterday.2.Tomandhisfatherareatworknow.3.________ofmyparentsworkinthisshoefactory.

4.________ofmyboyclassmatesplayfootballafterschool.

5.Therearealotofbuildingson________sidesofthestreet.

6.__________ofusaregoodatplayingfootball.

keys：All,both,both,all,both,all,(5)every和each用法：every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语。eg:Everyoneofthestudentsinhisclassstudiesveryhard.Theyareverybusy.Eachofthemhassomethingtodo.小练习：用all和both填空:1.________ofusisgoodatplayingfootball.

2._________studentshouldworkhardattheirlessons.3.we_______haveasurprisinggiftattheparty.4._________studenthasaspecialexperienceintheholiday.keys：Each,every,each,every(6)either和neither的用法：either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。neither和either跟“of”连接都用作单数。either…or…“或是…，或是…”neither…nor…“既不…又不…”。（就近原则）eg:Neitheroftheanswerisright.（两个答案都不对）Ihaveneithertimenormoneytotakeatrip.Eithersentenceisright.（两个答案中有一个是对的。）Youcaneithergoorstay.小练习：用either和neither填空:1.Therearealotofbuildingson________sideofthestreet.

2.TomandMikelikepalyinggootballbut_________ofthemcanplayverywell.

3.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?________.I'djustlikeaglassofwate.

4.CanIeonTuesdayorWednesday?________dayisOK.Herearetworulers.Youcantake________ofthem.Itaketherest.

6.ThetwinscanspeakEnglishwell,but_________ofthemisgoodatEnglishsongs.keys：either,neither,neither,either,either,neither.(7)one与ones,that和it的用法：It特指上下文提到的同一对象，是同一事物.e.g.Thebookismine.It’sveryinteresting.One泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一.one代替单数，one代替复数。eg:Whohasapen?Ihaveone.Ihavemanydresses,butIdon’tlikethegreenones.That通常指代同类事物,that等于theone.One和that区别：1.that替代可数名词和不可数名词,但只能指物。one(s)替代可数,指人和物均可。 eg:Atablemadeofsteelcostsmorethanthatmadeofwood.(可物)Sociallifeinavillagecannotparewiththatofalargecity.(that=sociallife不物)Ahatefulpersonisonethatarousesfeelingsofhatredinyou.(可人)2.that=the+n.(特指)one=a/an+n.(泛指)eg:Thepotatocropin1846wasinferiorthatof1816.(that=thepotatocrop)Iamlookingforaflat.I’dlikeonewithagarden.(one=aflat)3.常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复.复数用”those’代替。,that=theone.eg:TheTVsetsmadeinChinaarecheaperthanthose/theonesmadeinEngland.eg:TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhouinwinter.小练习：用one,ones,that,it填空:1.llikehouseswithbeautifulgardensinfront,butldon'thaveenoughmoneytobuy_______.2.Thearticlesmadeofleathercostmuchmorethan_________madeofplastic.3.Myseatwasnextto_________ofthemayor(市长).4.Themachinesweusetodayaremuchbetterthan_________weusedtenyearsago.5.Iboughtabikeyesterday,butunluckily,Ilostit,soIdecidetobuy_________.6.Greenapplesoftentastesbetterthanred________?7.Shefound__________impossibleforhertogetthedrivinglicense.8.TheweatherofBeijingistoocold.Idon’tlike________.keys：1.one2.those3.that4.that/theone5.it6.one7.ones8.it9.it(8)other;theother;others;theothers;another的用法：不定代词意义用法说明Other另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his等时，则可与单数名词连用。theother两者中另一个常与one连用，构成“one…,theother”;作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”others多者中剩下的部分是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成some…others…theothers多者中剩下的全部是theother的复数形式，特指其余全部的人或物another三者（以上）另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词。构成oneafteranother(一个接着一个)小练习：用one、ones、another、theother、others、theothers、other填空:1.MrsSmithhastwochildren.Oneisagirland_______isaboy.

2.Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowme________.

3.ThisdeskisMary’sandthat______isKate’s.

4.Iboughtalotofbananas.Onlyafewofthemaregreen,_______areyellow.

5.Lookatthedesks.Theblue_______areforthegirlsandtheyellow______fortheboys.

6.Thisshirtdoesn’tfitme.Doyouhaveany_______kinds?

7.Thechildrenareallworkingintheclassroom.Someofthemarecleaningthewindowsand_______aresweepingthefloor.

8.Wemusthelpeach_______withourEnglish.keys：1.theother2.another3.one4.theothers5.onesones6.other7.others8.other(9)noone;none;nobody;nothing的用法：noone=nobody意思是“没有人”；1)不与of连用；2)谓语动词用单数；3)只能指人，但不具体指什么人；4)一般用来回答who,及含anyone,anybody引导的疑问句。

e.g.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.

e.g.Whoisintheroom?Noone.

e.g.Isthereanyoneintheroom?Noone.

none意思是“没有”；

1)可与of连用；2)谓语动词用单或复数；3)具体指什么人或物；4)一般用来回答howmany+n,howmuch+n及含any+n引导的疑问句。

e.g.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.

e.g.Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?None.

e.g.Isthereanywaterinthethermos?None.

e.g.Howmuchmoneydoyouhaveonyou?None.

nothing意思是“没有”，只能指物；

1)指物；2)谓语用单数；3)一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。

e.g.Whatisinthebox?Nothing.

e.g.Isthereanythinginthesky?Nothing.

e.g.Canyouseeanythingwithoutglasses?Nothing.小练习：用noone、none、nobody、nothing填空:1.Whoisintheroom?________.

2.Howmuchmeatisthereontheplate?________.

3.________ofuscanspeakFrench.

4.________knowswhattheyfoughtabout.

5.Canyouseeanybodyintheroom?No,Icansee________.

6.Doyouknowhowmanydictionariestheyhavealreadybought?Yes,Ido.Theyhavebought_________.

7.Whatdidyouseeintheboxyesterday?Isaw________.

8.–Haveyouallfinishedthehomework?–No,_________hasfinishedityet.

keys：

1.Noone/Nobody2.None3.None4.Noone/Nobody5.Nobody6.None7.nothing8.nobody(10)复合不定代词：由some,any,no和every构成的复合不定代词的用法：some,any,no和every可以与one,body,thing构成复合代词，它们的用法与some,any的用法相同。somebody（某人）anybody（任何人）nobody（没有人）everybody（每人）someone（某人）anyone（任何人）noone（没有人）everyone（每人）something（某事）anything（任何事）nothing（没有东西）everything（每一件事）小练习：用something,somebody;anything,anybody;nothing,nobody;everything,everybody1.Thereis________wrongwithhisputer.

2.Ihope________goeswell.

3.Doyouknow________abouttheUS?No,Iknow_________aboutit.

4.Since________ishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.

5.Ican’tsay_________abouthim.Iamafraidofhim.

6._________isintheroom.Soyoucan’thearanyvoice.

7.________exceptLiPingwenttothepark.Hewasill.

8.Ihave_________importanttosay.Pleasewaitaminute.9.－Isthere__________inthecup?－No,thereis__________.10.Hey,Lily.Thereis_________knockingatthedooroutside.11.Doyoumeet_________whenyoucametoschoollastSunday?keys：1.something2.everything3.anythingnothing4.everybody5.anythingNobody7.Everybody8.something9.anything,nothing10.someone11.anyone(11)复合不定代词的特殊用法：1.当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词：everybody,nobody,anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they/he;当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词：everything,anything,something,nothing等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it.Everybodyishere,aren’tthey/isn/the?Everythingisready,isn’tit?当形容词或else（另外）修饰复合不定代词something,everything,everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。XiaoMing,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Weneedonemorehelper.Canyoufindanyoneelse?everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;everyone既可指人也可指物，还可以和of短语连用。Iwouldlikeeveryonetobehappy.Everyone/EveryonelikeMary.Ihavekepteveryoneofherletters.三.代词it用法：1．指代前面提到过的事物.Thisisnotmybook.ItisJim’s.2．用来代替指示代词this或that.What’sthis?It’sapencil.3．指婴儿或不明身份的人.Someoneisknockingatthedoor,pleasegoandseewhoitis.4．时间或季节.What’sthetimenow?/It’steno’clock.5．表天气What’stheweatherliketoday?It’ssunny.6．表距离Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?7．用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：a.Itisadj.+(forsb)todosth.如：Itisimportantforustoworkhard.b.It’stimetodo/for/that…如：It’stimetogetup/forlunch/fthatwewenthome.c.Itseemsthat…Itseemsthatheisquitehappy.d.It’sone’sturntodo…It’syourturntoanswermyquestion.e.It’s+adj.+that…如：It’snecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthemeeting.8.作形式宾语。Doyouthinkitnecessarytolearntowaitinline?9.引导强调句型“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”。Itwasyesterdaythatwewenttoseeafilm.【真题演练】1．—Wouldyoulike_________bread?—No,thanks.I’dlike_________milk.A．some;some B．some;any C．any;any D．any;some2．—IsMr.CooperEnglish?—________.AndMr.JordanisEnglish,too.A．No,sheisn’t B．Yes,sheisC．Yes,heis D．No,heisn’t3．—Jerry,isthatboyinredournewclassmate?—Yes.Let’ssayhelloto________.A．he B．she C．her D．him4．—Doyouhave________tomatoesathome?—No.Ihave________carrots.A．any;any B．any;some C．some;any D．some;some5．—IlikeEnglishbest.Whatabout________?—Hethinksscienceisveryinteresting.A．him B．his C．hers D．her6．Thisis________classroom.Itisverybig.A．we B．our C．us D．ours7．Mygrandmalikescarrotsverymuch.It’s________favouritefood.A．she B．he C．her D．it8．—IsthisKate’sbike?—No,________bikeisunderthetree.Sheputittherethismorning.A．her B．his C．he D．she9．Ilikeeggs,butmysisterdoesn’teat________.A．it B．they C．them D．this10．Thereis________milk.Let’sgoandbuysome.A．little B．alittle C．few D．afew11．OurEnglishteacherMr.Smithiskindandhelpful.Welike________alot.A．her B．you C．it D．him12．—Aretheseyourphotos?—Yes.Theyare________.A．me B．I C．mine D．my13．Theoldmanhas________appletreesandhewatersthemhimself.A．alittle B．afew C．much D．little14．—Wouldyoulike________bread,Tim?—No,thanks.Idon’twant________breadnow.A．some;any B．any;some C．some;some D．any;any15．Nowadays,only_________studentsstillgotoclassesattheweekend.A．afew B．alittle C．much D．lotof16．Wouldyoupleaseshowme_________skirt?Idon’tlikethecolourofthisskirt.A．other B．theother C．another D．others17．Whyareyoulaughing?Isthere_________ontheInternet?A．somethinginteresting B．interestingsomethingC．anythinginteresting D．interestinganything18．—Wouldyoulike________applesafterlunch,Jack?—Yes.Buttherearen’t________onthetable.A．some;any B．some;some C．any;any D．any;some19．It’seasyforme________Englishwell.A．learn B．tolearn C．learning D．learned20．—Therearesomanybagsoutside.Whichis_________schoolbag?—Theredoneis_________.A．your,you B．my,mine C．my,your D．your,mine【过关检测】21．WhenMikefindssomenewwordsinthearticles,healways_________inthedictionary.A．looksupit B．looksitup C．looksforit D．looksitfor22．—Who’s________overthere?—Heismyfriend.A．this B．that C．these D．those23．—Arethere________picturesonyourclassroomwalls?—Yes,thereare.A．some B．any C．somethin