2024高考英语一轮复习词汇语篇模式主题语境二人与社会Topic40刑事与战争教学案含作业

PAGETopic40刑事与斗争犯罪(Crime)case,rob,criminal,escape,risk,________[ɡIlt]4,hostage,suspect,monitor,________['pʌnIʃ]13,against,besentencedto,breakinto,drug,sell,burglary,thief,restriction,steal,investigate,violence,identify,protest,murder,prison,putintoprison法律(Law)judge,court,law,bechargedwith,proposed,statement,legal,critical,________['evIdəns]38,besentencedto,document,justice,fair,obeytherulesandregulations斗争(War)war,breakout,harm,doharmto,pain,bearrestfor,arrest,chase,__________[dI'fend]10,rebel,guard,soldier,atwarwith,________[dI'kleə(r)]21,booming,declarewar,army,________[fɔːs]93,byforce和平(Peace)peace,terrorism,inpeace,____________['sImbl]33,represent,prvent,appointment反对与期盼(OppositionandExpectation)oppose,infavourof,objectexpectation,lookforwardto意义影响(Influence)________['sʌfə(r)]56,sufferfrom,________['dæmIdʒ]58,dodamageto,________[sə'vaIv]36,inaneffortto,realize,recognize,importanceguilt;punish;evidence;defend;declare;force;symbol;suffer;damage;surviveescape①Heescapedfromprisonthismorning.②(2024·天津高考)Yet,nowthatI'mgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbecomingmorecomplex,Ifindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.③(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.(1)单句语法填空①Heescaped________prison,butwasrearrestedbypoliceamonthlater.②Thenaughtyboywasluckytoescape________(punish)．答案：①from②beingpunished(2)单句写作①这只鸟避开了被杀死。Thebird____________________.②他设法从燃烧的车里逃了出来。Hemanagedto____________________.③他在这起事故中幸免于难。Hehada____________________inthisaccident.答案：①escapedbeingkilled②escapefromtheburningcar③narrowescape(1)v.(从监禁或管制中)逃跑，逃走，逃出togetawayfromaplacewhereyouhavebeenkeptasaprisonerornotallowedtoleave(2)v.(从不开心或危急境况中)逃脱，摆脱，躲避togetawayfromanunpleasantordangeroussituation(3)n.逃跑；逃脱；躲避theactoramethodofescapingfromaplaceoranunpleasantordangeroussituationrisk①(2024·江苏高考)Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks.②(2024·北京高考)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.③Itwasadifficultdecisionbutwedecidedtoriskit.(1)单句语法填空①Aswithalldiseases,certaingroupswillbemore________riskthanothers.②Don'ttheyneedtorisk________(do)sowhenjustgraduatingfromschool?③Hewasdeterminedtogetthereeven________theriskofhislife.④Itwasa________(risk)operation,butmightsavemoretime.答案：①at②doing③at④risky(2)单句写作①他冒着生命危急救她。Hesavedher____________________hislife.②公司的整个前途受到威逼。Thewholefutureofthecompanyis____________.答案：①attheriskof②atrisk(1)n.危急；风险thepossibilityofsth.badhappeningatsometimeinthefuture;asituationthatcouldbedangerousorhaveabadresult(2)v.使……冒风险(或面临危急)toputsth.valuableorimportantinadangeroussituation,inwhichitcouldbelostordamaged(3)v.冒险做；(明知结果而)大胆做todosth.thatyouknowisnotreallyagoodideaormaynotsucceedriskdoingsth.冒……危急；明知……也要做atrisk处于危急中attheriskof冒……的危急atone'sownrisk自担风险take/runtheriskof冒……的危急riskyadj.有危急(或风险)的defend①(2024·浙江高考)WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.②MattdefendedallofClarence'sdecisions,rightorwrong.③HehasemployedoneoftheUK'stoplawyerstodefendhim.(1)选词填空：defend/protect/prevent/guard①Youneedtoputonmoreclothesto________youagainstthecold.②Youmusttakemeasuresto________theforestagainstfires.③Weshould________ourcountryagainstitsenemies.④Wemust________thesheepfromeatingourcrops.答案：①protect②guard③defend④prevent(2)单句语法填空①Todefend________theattackoftheenemy,manysoldierswerekilled.②Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment________beingpolluted.③Theheavyrainpreventedus________goingtopark.④Inthosedaystheplacewasheavily________(guard)．答案：①against②from③from④guarded(3)单句写作①她大胆为自己的信仰辩护。Shespokeup____________________.②我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。____________________thatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.③一旦发生斗争，每一个人都会卫国抗敌。_________________________________________________________________答案：①indefenceofherbelief②Ihavetosayinherdefence③Oncethereisawar,everyoneofuswilldefendourcountryagainstenemies.(1)v.防卫；爱护；保卫toprotectsb./sth.fromattack(2)v.辩解；辩白tosayorwritesth.insupportofsb./sth.thathasbeencriticized(3)v.(为……)辩护，当辩护律师toactasalawyerforsb.whohasbeenchargedwithacrimedefend...with用……来保卫defendsb./sth.from(against)...爱护……免受……defencen.防卫；防卫；防卫物，防卫设施indefenceof为了保卫；辩护；拥护insb.'sdefence为某人辩护defencelessadj.不能防卫的，无防卫的defend/protect/prevent/guarddefend指抵挡或击退外来威逼或进攻。也可指为某人辩护或捍卫原则的纯净性protect指实行爱护措施，使之不受损害或损伤，常用于防卫风雨、疾病或爱护权益等prevent表示“防止，阻挡”，不让某事发生guard指当心谨慎地对可能的危急进行防卫，以维护平安，含警戒 之意declare①(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplanstoretirefromher36­year­oldbusiness.②Hedeclaredhisintentiontobecomethebestgolferintheworld.③Yourincomemustbedeclaredonthisform.(1)单句语法填空①Therefereedeclaredhim________(be)thewinnerofthefight.②Thecommitteedeclared________theplan,becausetheythoughtitreasonable.③Policehavenowdeclaredwar________drugdealersinthearea.④Theywillaskyoutosigna________(declare)allowingyourdoctortodiscloseyourmedicaldetails.答案：①tobe②for③on④declaration(2)单句写作①她宣称再也不想见到他了。She________________shedidn'twanttoseehimagain.②我宣布会议结束。Ideclare________________________.答案：①declaredthat②themeeting(tobe)closed(1)v.公布；宣布；宣告tosaysth.officiallyorpublicly(2)v.表明；宣称；断言tostatesth.firmlyandclearly(3)v.申报(收益)totellthetaxauthoritieshowmuchmoneyyouhaveearneddeclareagainst声明反对declarefor声明赞成declaresth./sb.(tobe/as)＋n./adj.宣布……为……；断言……为……declare＋that从句宣布，宣称……declarewar(on/against)(向……)宣战Itis/wasdeclared＋that从句宣布……declarationn.宣告；声明；布告force①Wewillachievemuchmorebypersuasionthanbyforce.②(2024·北京高考)Justasinagameoftug­of­war(拔河竞赛),wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.③(2024·江苏高考)Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmuchmoneytheymakefromit.④Theywereforcingherheadundertheicywaters,drowningher.(1)单句语法填空①Nobodycouldforcehim________(do)whathethoughtwaswrong.②Itwouldbebettertousestrategythantoattack________force.③Thenewsafetyregulationisnow________force.答案：①todo②by③in(2)单句写作①经济危机迫使很多公司倒闭。Thefinancialcrisis____________________closedown.②小偷用暴力夺走了老人的钱。Thethieftookthemoneyfromtheoldman________________.③新规章什么时候起先执行？Whendothenewregulations________________？答案：①forcedmanycompaniesto②byforce③comeintoforce(1)n.武力；暴力violentphysicalactionusedtoobtainorachievesth.(2)n.力；力气thephysicalstrengthofsth.thatisshownasithitssth.else(3)v.强迫，迫使(某人做某事)tomakesb.dosth.thattheydonotwanttodo(4)v.用力，强行(把……移动)tousephysicalstrengthtomovesb./sth.intoaparticularpositionforcesb.to_dosth.＝forcesb.intodoingsth.强迫某人做某事forcesth.＋adj.强行使某物……byforce用暴力；强迫地inforce有效的；大批地comeintoforce(使法律、规则等)生效；起先执行suffer①(2024·浙江6月高考)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.②(2015·湖北高考)Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbon­dioxideheadachewhentheyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime.(1)依据首字母或汉语提示填空①Thecompanys________hugelossesinthelastfinancialyear.②Thiswarhascausedwidespreadhuman________(苦难)．答案：①suffered②suffering(2)单句语法填空①Readingfictionhelpsthosewhodonotsuffer________lonelinesstounderstandlonelypeople.②Manyofhisnovelshavedescribedthe________(suffering)ofhisrace.答案：①from②sufferings(3)单句写作①假如那是真的，两家公司都会蒙受巨大的损失。Ifthatweretrue,bothcompanieswould________________________________.②他当时草率确定，现在为此吃苦头了。Hemadearashdecisionandnowheis________________.答案：①suffergreatloss②sufferingforit(1)v.遭遇；蒙受toexperiencesth.unpleasant,suchasinjury,defeatorloss(2)v.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦，受难，受熬煎tobebadlyaffectedbyadisease,pain,sadness,alackofsth.,etc.(1)suffer指“遭遇，变差”，通常指结果。其宾语一般是loss,pain,insult,punishment,defeat,hardship等。(2)sufferfrom表示“患……病；受……苦”，其宾语一般是疾病或自然灾难之类的名词。damage①(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Thecrowdsmightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.②(2024·天津高考)Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.(1)选词填空：destroy/damage/ruin①They've________alltheevidence.②Theancienthouse________byfire.③Hisheart________asaresultofhislongillness.④You've________mybicycle.Youshan'thaveitagain.⑤Hisprideisto________hisfuture.答案：①destroyed②wasdamaged/destroyed③isdamaged④destroyed⑤ruin(2)单句写作①这起事故对环境造成了很大的损害。Theaccident____________________theenvironment.②汤姆遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。Tomhadanaccidentand____________________.③吸烟严峻损害你的健康。Smokingseriously____________________.答案：①didgreatdamageto②damagedthebike③damagesyourhealth(1)v.损害；损害；毁坏；破坏toharmorspoilsth./sb.(2)n.损坏，破坏，损失physicalharmcausedtosth.whichmakesitlessattractive,usefulorvaluabledo/causedamageto给……带来/造成毁坏bebadlydamaged遭遇严峻损害damageone'shealth损害某人的健康destroy/damage/ruindestroy指彻底毁坏，所带来的损坏是不能修复的，“毁坏”的结果则是使物体功能丢失；也可用于比方句中，表示希望破灭、安排落空等damage表示“损害，损坏”，程度较轻，所带来的损伤是可修复的ruin指彻底毁掉，多用于美妙的事物，这种毁坏多是由自然力气、个人疏忽等造成的，“毁坏”的结果则是物体价值消逝、功能丢失等，现多用于比方句中，指希望破灭、安排落空等Ⅰ.七选五(2024·全国新高三开学联考)InAmericanhistory,BenjaminFranklinwasfamousforhisproverbs.Franklinlivedinthe1700s.HewasaleaderoftheAmericanRevolutionagainstEnglishrule.Hewasalsoascientist,inventorandwriter.Formanyyears,Franklinpublishedabookcalled“PoorRichard'sAlmanac”.Heincludedmanyproverbsthathehadheardorcreated.__1__Likethisone：“Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.”Franklinisalsorememberedforotherproverbslike,“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”__2__HereareotherexamplesofproverbsthatAmericansuse.__3__Somepeoplesay,“Allisfairinloveandwar.”Theymeanthatanythingyoudoinarelationshiporinbattleisacceptable.__4__Inotherwords,whenyouareinlovewithsomeone,youmayrefusetoseeanythingbadaboutthatperson.Somepeopleareonlyinterestedinhavingarelationshipwithsomeonewhoisverygood­looking.Youmighttellthemthat“Beautyisonlyskindeep.”Yourgirlfriendmaybelovelytolookat,butshemayalsohavesomebadqualities.__5__Yourboyfriendisawonderfulperson,butnotgood­looking.Sowhatapersonlookslikeisnotreallyimportant.Anotherproverbistrueinloveandwarorothersituations:“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.”Itmeansthatwhatyoudoismoreimportantthanwhatyousay.A．Ortheoppositemaybetrue.B．Thefirstonesareaboutlove.C．Someofthemarestillusedtoday.D．Anotherproverbsays“Loveisblind.”E．Aproverbisashort,wellknownsaying.F．Thismeansthatmoneyshouldnotbewasted.G．Anotherproverbaboutloveis,“Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了本杰明·富兰克林的几条名言。本杰明·富兰克林是闻名的政治家、物理学家、独创家和作家，我们应当从他的名言和事迹中吸取特长，努力让自己变得更优秀(trytobebetter)!1．C空格前提到富兰克林的书中包括很多名言，空格后详细举例，由此可知，空格处应填一个过渡句，C项“有些(名言)沿用至今。”符合语境。2．F空格处是对前面一句名言“Apennysavedisapennyearned.省钱就是赚钱。”的说明说明，故选F。3．B依据空格后列举的几个关于爱情的名言可知，选项B“Thefirstonesareaboutlove.”引起下文，符合语境。4．D依据空格后“换句话说，当你爱上一个人时，你会拒绝看到这个人的缺点”的内容可知，选项D“另一句名言说‘爱情是盲目的。’”符合语境。5．A空格前后是相反的内容，故空格处应选“Ortheoppositemaybetrue.”A项正确。①againstprep.反对(某安排、政策、体制等)②proverbn.谚语；格言③acceptableadj.(社会上)认同的，认可的④good－lookingadj.美丽的；好看的(其次段第四句)Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起使人变得健康、富有和聪慧。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·东北三校高三第一次联合模拟考试)Severalmonthsago,Greecesufferedfromtherefugee(难民)di－saster.Ihadn'tbeen__1__ofthescale(规模)ofituntilIactuallygottoGreece.I__2__asmanageroftheOinofytaCamp.Thisworkislikebeingamother,andIrealizedthatIhadmetmy__3__，whichwastotakecareofthemandshowthemthattheywerelovedandcaredabout,not__4__.AlloftheGreekislandsareovercrowded.Ihaveacampthatwithinthreeorfourdayscould__5__500people.Whenyourlifeisspentgettinghandouts(救济品)fromeveryoneallday,youloseyour__6__.Ihadthis__7__ideathatitwouldbegreattostartabusiness,sewingbagsfromleftovertentmaterial.Thosepeoplewerethehappiestpeopleinthecampbecausetheyhadapurpose.Wehave__8__inAmericawhowanttobuythesebagsnow.Learningtosay__9__hasbeenoneoftheharderthingshereatthecamp;theconstant__10__ofresidents.Iwassohappyforthemwhentheygottheirfamily__11__，andsosadbecauseIknewthatthe__12__ofmebeingableto__13__seethemagainwasprettyslim.Myownkidsareallaskingmethesamequestionnow:“Mom,whenareyoucominghome？”Idon'tknow.Ihopethatmylegacy(遗赠)hereisthattherefugeeswillalwaysrememberthatIcaredaboutthem,thattheywerespecialand__14__，andthattheywereworthyofthat__15__.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了在希腊遭遇难民灾难期间，作者去希腊的奥诺费塔难民营服务，看到难民终日靠救济度日，作者想出了一个帮助他们创业的想法。1．A．afraid B．awareC．fond D．ashamed答案：B依据语境可知，直到“我”到了希腊“我”才知道那里的难民灾难的规模有多大。beawareof“知道；意识到”，故B项正确。2．A．tookover B．madeforC．cameup D．figuredout答案：Atookover“接管，接任”；madefor“前往”；cameup“发生”；figuredout“想出”。依据本空后的“asmanageroftheOinofytaCamp”可知，“我”接任奥诺费塔营经理的工作，故A项正确。3．A．failure B．goalC．moment D．problem答案：B依据语境可知，“我”工作的目标(goal)是照看难民，让他们感觉到自己是被爱和被关切着的，故B项正确。4．A．forced B．shelteredC．cured D．forgotten答案：D此处应是，让他们感觉到自己是被爱和被关切着的，并没有被遗忘(forgotten)，故D项正确。5．A．employ B．trainC．examine D．serve答案：D依据上文可知，“我”去希腊是犯难民服务的，“我”的难民营可以接待500人。serve“接待，为……服务”，故D项正确。6．A．dignity B．payC．demand D．value答案：A依据语境可知，当你的生活每天都在接受别人的救济时，你就会失去尊严(dignity)，故A项正确。7．A．strange B．ordinaryC．wild D．peaceful答案：C在这样困难的条件下还能想到创业想法，这是近乎疯狂的。wild“狂热的，疯狂的”，故C项正确。8．A．leaders B．consultantsC．workers D．purchasers答案：D依据语境可知，这里应当是我们在美国有一些想买这些袋子的买家(purchasers)，故D项正确。9．A．goodbye B．thanksC．sorry D．hello答案：A上文讲到，因为生活有了奔头，难民营里的人们变得很欢乐，因此道别(goodbye)是在难民营最难的事情之一，故A项正确。10．A．fighting B．checkingC．working D．changing答案：D难民营里不断有人离开，又有新的难民进来，所以这里应当是难民的不断改变，故D项正确。11．A．anniversary B．partyC．reunion D．celebration答案：C依据语境可知，“我”很兴奋看到他们与家人重聚(reunion)，故C项正确。12．A．pity B．intentionC．possibility D．reward答案：C依据语境可知，“我”很难受是因为“我”知道再见到他们的可能性(possibility)很小，故C项正确。13．A．ever B．neverC．often D．seldom答案：Aever“在任何时候，恒久”；never“从不”；often“常常”；seldom“很少”。“我”知道以后再见到他们的可能性很小。ever“在任何时候”，一般用于疑问句、否定句中，故A项正确。14．A．unexpected B．thankfulC．considerate D．important答案：D依据语境可知，“我”希望难民们恒久记住“我”关切他们，他们是特殊的、重要的(important)，故D项正确。15．A．benefit B．rewardC．care D．praise答案：C通篇“我”对难民的感情都是关切的，所以此处是说，“我”希望难民们知道她们自己是特殊的、重要的、值得那份关切(care)的。故C项正确。Ⅲ.语法填空(2024·湖南长沙高三一模)USwriterMargaretLeeRunbeckonce__1__(write),“Happinessisnotastationyouarriveat,but__2__manneroftraveling.”Buttravelingisnotalwayshappy,atleastforthebuddiesinthemovieGreenBook.Themovie__3__(adapt)fromthetruestoryofaroadtripthroughthesouthernUSintheearly1960s.Inthefilm,theblackpianistDonShirleyhiresItalian­AmericanTonytodrivehimtoperformances,buttheyfaceproblemsbecauseofShirley'sskincolor.Theseproblemsenablethem__4__(form)aspecialfriendship.“There'ssomethingsodeeplyrightaboutthismovie,sotrue__5__thetime,saidUSfilmcriticLaSalle.ThetimeLaSalleistalkingaboutwasbetween1876and1963,__6__African­Americansexperiencedaverydifferentanddifficultperiod.ManypartsofthecountryhadJimCrowlaws,whichallowed__7__(race)segregation(隔离).Butin1936,ablackmailcarriernamedVictorH.Greenpublishedalistoffriendly__8__(business)asasmallbookwithagreencover.TheGreenBookhelpedAfrican­Americanstravelmoresafely.Thenin1964,JimCrowlawswentaway.Thebookwentaway,too.TodaymanyUSpeoplestillrememberthetimeofJimCrowlaws.Butthey__9__(probable)don'tknowaboutTheGreenBook.It'sa__10__(forget)partofthestory.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第91届奥斯卡最佳影片《绿皮书》的主要内容及其历史来源。1．wrote考查动词的时态。由once可知此处要用一般过去时态，故答案为wrote。2．a考查冠词。amannerof...“……的方式”，与前面的astation对应。“华蜜不是你要达到的一个车站，而是一种旅行的方式。”故答案为a。3．wasadapted考查动词的时态和语态。这部电影改编自一个真实的故事，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故答案为wasadapted。4．toform考查非谓语动词。enablesb.todo“使某人能够做某事”。故答案为toform。5．to考查介词。betruetosth.“忠实于……”，这里表示这部电影很忠于美国历史上那段时间的状况。故答案为to。6．when考查定语从句的引导词。句意：LaSalle所说的时间是在1876年到1963年之间，当时非洲裔美国人经验了一个特别不同和困难的时期。此处between1876and1963是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。7．racial考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词segregation，故答案为racial。8．businesses考查名词。这里表示“公布了一个友好企业的名单”，business作“公司，企业”讲时是可数名词。故答案为businesses。9．probably考查词性转换。此处用副词probably修饰谓语动词。故答案为probably。10．forgotten考查非谓语动词。句意：这是故事中被遗忘的一部分。由句意可知，forget和part之间是一种被动关系，TheGreenBook是被人们遗忘的部分，所以用过去分词来作前置定语。故答案为forgotten。【重点语法】Ⅳ.写作新题型——概要写作阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Nowadays,parentsareverymuchworriedbecausetheirchildrenspendhoursandhoursinfrontoftheTVscreen.Asthisdoesn'thappentoonlyonespecificfamily,manyexpertswarnusthattherecanbesomeseriouseffectsonchildrenwatchingviolenceontelevision.ChildrenwhobecomeaddictedtoTVfilmsturnontheTVassoonastheygethome.Althoughtheyhavelotsofhomework,theybecomeabsorbedinTVprogrammes.Sincetheyspendto