专业英语学习通超星期末考试答案章节答案2024年

专业英语学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年15.[其它]Whichthreeelementsareincludedineachtelecommunicationsystemandwhataretheirfunctions?（Unit4)

答案:Atransmitterthattakesinformationandconvertsittoasignal,atransmissionmediumoverwhichthesignalistransmitted,andareceiverthatreceivesthesignalandconvertsitbackintousableinformation.Itistrueofanycommunicationsystemthattheshapeandamplitudeofthetransmittedsignalwillbecontinuouslydegradedbytheintroductionofnoise,andtheattenuationalongthetransmissionpath.Thedegradationofthetransmittedsignalisaresultofsignaldistortion.

答案:传输的信号会不断地被噪声的引入和线路上的衰减所损伤，对任何通信系统都是如此。传输信号的退化是信号失真的结果。接收器的主要功能是从由信道传输来的退化了的信号中提取（extract）出输入消息。

答案:Themainfunctionofthereceiveristoextracttheinputmessagesignalfromthedegradedversionofthetransmittedsignalcomingfromthechannel.Electroniccommunicationsisthetransferandmovementofdatabetweenlocationsthroughtheuseofcomputers.Anelectroniccommunicationsystemincludestheequipmentneededtosupportthemovementofinformation,thecommunicationlinesandmediatocarrytheinformation,thecomputersoftwareandprogramstocontroltheflowofinformation,thepersonnel（人员）toplan,implement,andoperatecommunications,andthemanagementofalltheseresources.Electroniccommunicationsestablishlinksbetweenpeopleaswellascomputers.

答案:电子通信就是通过使用计算机在不同的地点之间传输数据。一个电子通信系统包括：支持信息流动所需要的设备，承载信息的通信线路和媒介，控制信息流的计算机软件和程序，计划、实施、操作通信系统的人员，以及对所有这些资源的管理。电子通信建立起人和人、计算机和计算机之间的联系。一根带电的导线（wire）的外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。

答案:Awirecarryingacurrentlooksexactlythesameandweighsexactlythesameasitdoeswhenitisnotcarryingacurrent.通信可以广义地定义为从一处到另一处的信息传递。当要将信息传输到任何距离以外时就需要有一个通信系统。

答案:Communicationmaybebroadlydefinedasthetransferofinformationfromonepointtoanother.Whentheinformationistobeconveyedoveranydistance,acommunicationsystemisusuallyrequired.Hardwaretechnologieshaveplayedvitalrolesinourabilitytouseelectronicpropertiestoprocessinformation,butsoftwareanddataprocessingaspectshavenotdevelopedatthesamespeed.

答案:硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用，而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。Thisispossiblebecausestationsthatarephysicallyfarenoughfromeachothercanusethesamecarrierfrequency(frequencyreuse)withnegligiblemutualinterference,exceptatsomepointinthemiddlewherethestationsarereceivedwithcomparablesignallevels.

答案:wherethesignalsfromdifferentstationsaresimilarinlevelDuetotheunavoidabletimingerrorsbetweentheusers,thereislittlepointinusingWalshcodesastheywillnolongerbeorthogonal.

答案:usingWalshcodesismeaninglesssinceorthogonalitywillnotexistanymoreRoughlyspeaking,thetransistorcanbelikenedtoanelectronicallycontrolledvalvewherebyenergyappliedtooneconnectionofthevalveenablesenergytoflowbetweentwootherconnections.

答案:analogizedForadecadetherehasbeenasearchforaprogrammableprocessorwhich,giventhecostandvolumeconstraints,isgeneralenoughtobeprogrammedwithdifferentalgorithms.

答案:giventhelimitsofpriceandsizeIftheoriginalsignaliswellbehaved,thelocaloscillatorwillneedverylittleinformationtobeabletotrack,andthatinformationcanbeobtainedbyaveragingforalongperiodoftime,therebyeliminatingnoisethatcouldbeverylarge.

答案:theLOwillrequiresomeinformation,butnotmuch,sothatthesystemcantrackInaproperlydesignedDCamplifier,theeffectoftransistorparametervariationmaybepracticallyeliminatediftheoperatingpointofeachstageisadjustedsothatitremainsinthelinearoperationrangeofthetransistorastemperaturevaries.

答案:theresultscausedbytransistorparameterchangesItisalltooeasywithlinearcircuits,whichappearrelativelysimplewhencomparedwithtoday’scomplexlogicarrangements,toignoredetailedperformanceparameterswhichcandrasticallyreducetheexpectedperformance.

答案:whichiscrucialformaintainingthedesiredperformanceTherefore,therewillbeaslighttimedelay,duetothepropagationdelayoftheflip-flopsbetweenthetimeoneflip-flopchangesstateandthetimethenextonechangesstate,i.e.,thechangeofstateripplesthroughthecounter,andthesecountersarethereforecalledripplecounters.

答案:thestatechangeispropagatedthroughthecounterlikeripplesReadthispaperandtrytosummarizeitintheformofanAbstract.NB:DonotcopytheoriginalAbstractfromtheInternet.

答案:Example:ThispaperprovidesanearlyevaluationofArtifcialIntelligence(AI)againstCOVID-19.ThemainareaswhereAIcancontributetothefightagainstCOVID-19arediscussed.ItisconcludedthatAIhasnotyetbeenimpactfulagainstCOVID19.Itsuseishamperedbyalackofdata,andbytoomuchdata.Overcomingtheseconstraintswillrequireacarefulbalancebetweendataprivacyandpublichealth,andrigoroushuman-AIinteraction.Itisunlikelythatthesewillbeaddressedintimetobeofmuchhelpduringthepresentpandemic.Inthemeantime,extensivegatheringofdiagnosticdataonwhoisinfectiouswillbeessentialtosavelives,trainAI,andlimiteconomicdamages.Fromthispassage,wecaninferthat

.

答案:B.ThereisnocriticismonT-grouplaboratories.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcan’tchangetheattendanceoftraineesatanexternalT-grouplaboratory?

.

答案:A.

pooreffectivenessofthetrainingdesign.Theauthorofthispassagewouldmostlikelyagreethat

.

答案:C.

InaT-group,thetrainershouldprovideaclimatewherethegroupmembersaresufficientlytrustingofoneanothertodiscusstheirownbehaviors."T-group"isreferredtoasthefollowingexcept

.

答案:C.groupdynamics.Thisarticlemightmostlikelybeextractedfromthepaperabout

.

答案:B.performanceevaluation.Accordingtothepassage,performancemanagementprocessesbyHRcanmakeanimportantcontributiontoknowledgemanagementthroughthefollowingmeasuresexcept

.

答案:C.

byensuringthatactualbehaviorsarerewardedbyfinancialornon-financialmeans.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedbyHansenetal?

.

答案:B.

AtErnst&Young,consultants’contributiontotheknowledgeassetofthefirmwillbeevaluated.Thefollowingareexamplesofpositivebehaviorinmeetingcompetencyexpectationsforknowledge-sharingexcept

.

答案:A.

Isreluctanttoshareknowledgewithcolleagues.Thebesttitleforthisarticleis

.

答案:D.Performancemanagementforknowledgeworkers.Toimplementasuccessfulprograminbasicandremedialtraining,managersshoulddoallofthefollowingexcept

.

答案:useaclassroom-orientedapproachsoemployeeslearnbylecturesWhichofthefollowingisnotacoreskillthatiscriticalforsuccessabroad?

.

答案:

EffectivedelegateskillsExecutivesormanagerswhocoach,advise,andencourageemployeesoflesserrankarecalled

.

答案:

mentorsIndividualsworkinginternationallyneedtoknowasmuchaspossibleaboutallofthefollowinghost-countrycharacteristicsexcept

.

答案:culturaltrendsQuestionscontainedinstructuredjobinterviewsshouldbebasedon

.

答案:jobanalysisIfyourprimaryobjectiveforaperformanceappraisalistogiveemployeesdevelopmentalfeedback,whichofthefollowingappraisalmethodsshouldyouuse?

.

答案:

BehaviormethodCompensationprogramsthatcompensateemployeesfortheknowledgetheypossessareknownas

.

答案:skill-basedpayplansWhichofthefollowingisnottrueofself-ratingsofperformance?

.

答案:Theyarefreeofmostbiasesthatotherratingsourcesmayhave1._______isoftenconsideredtheworld’sfirstprogrammer.2.______isoftenconsideredthe“fatherofcomputing”

答案:Ada;CharlesBabbageConcreteis(

)aporousmaterial.

答案:inherentlyBesidesitsabilitytosustainloads,concreteisalsorequiredtobe(

).

答案:durableThe（）cementsarewidelyusedontheconstructionsite.

答案:

above-mentionedThesteelbarsinconcretetakethe(

)componentofthebendingmoment.

答案:tensileThelawsthat（）howthebuildingsmaybemadearebuildingcodes.

答案:

tell(

)concreteisusedonlyforfootingsandconcreteslabslaidontheground,andforothermassivestructures.

答案:PlainTensilefailureof(

)concretehappenseasilyandinvolvesprogressivemicro-cracking.

答案:reinforcedDams,(

),watersupplysystems,andotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerstoworktogether.

答案:

bridgeBeforedesigningaproject,civilengineersshouldsurveyboththe(

)andsubsoilfeaturesoftheproposedsite.

答案:topographyFreewaysshouldhaveaminimumofonethrough-trafficlanesforeachdirectionoftravel.Through-trafficlanesshouldbe12ft（3.6m）wide.

答案:错TechniquesandproceduresforadjustingoperationalandhighwayfactorstocompensateforconditionsotherthanidealarefoundintheTrafficEngineeringManual(TEM),whichalsopresentsathoroughdiscussionofthelevel-of-serviceconcept.

答案:错Bothurbanandruralfreeways,especiallyonnewlocations,arenormallydesignedtoaccommodatetrafficprojectionsfora20-yearperiod.

答案:对Controlofaccessistheconditionwheretherightofownersoroccupantsofabuttinglandtoaccessahighwayisfullyorpartiallycontrolledbylocalgovernment.

答案:错Thehighesttypeofarterialhighwayisgrade-separated,whichisdefinedasanexpresswaywithfullycontrolledaccess.

答案:错国内的专利可以通过哪个数据库检索？（

）

答案:万方数据

中国国家标准的代码是（

）

答案:GB纸质信息源的载体是（

）

答案:纸张下列哪种文献属于二次文献(

)

答案:目录下列哪种文献属于一次文献(

)

答案:期刊论文

文献是记录有知识的（）

答案:载体Ruralfreewaysaregenerallysimilarinconcepttourbanfreeways,exceptthatthehorizontalandverticalalignmentsaremoreconservativeindesign.

答案:对Theclearanceshallbefromthetopofthepavementtothebottomofthestructureandincludestheentireroadwaywidthincludingtheusableshoulderwidth.

答案:对TheminimumrailroadclearancetobeprovidedoncrossingsshallconformtoOAR741.

答案:对Duetothehighspeed,highvolumetraffic,andtheneedtoprovideforsafefacilities,thetravellanewidthforbothurbanandruralfreewaysshallbe12feet.

答案:对Generallygradesonurbanandruralfreewaysarethesame.

答案:错Theclearancerequirementsfortransmissionandcommunicationlinesvaryconsiderablyandmustcomplywith__________.

答案:theNationalElectricalSafetyCodeCareshouldbetakeninurbanareasto__________duetotheclosespacingofinterchangesandthemultiplespeedchangesneededinanurbanarea.

答案:minimizetheuseofsteepgradesBecauseurbanfreewayshavehighspeedandhighvolumetraffic,themedianshouldbe_________.

答案:aswideandflataspossible_________ofurbanandruralfreewaysisdependentuponthenumberoflanesofthefacility.

答案:

TheshoulderwidthBecauseoftheruralterrainandhighdesignspeeds,_______shouldhaveverygentlehorizontalandverticalalignments.

答案:ruralfreewaysInmountainousterrainitcanbeverydifficulttoachievehighdesignspeeds______.

答案:duetohorizontalandverticallimitationoftheterrain______,thedesignspeedchosenmayvary.

答案:BecauseofthedifferentpostedspeedsRuralfreewaysarenormallymorecomfortablefromadriveperspective,_______.

答案:andgenerallyhavelowermaintenancecostsUrbanfreewaysgenerally_______thanruralfreeways.

答案:havemoretravellanesandcarrymoretraffic______isneededforprioritizingtheneedforthroughtrafficoverdirectaccess.

答案:Thefullcontrolofaccess

(

)

theadvanceddevelopmentof(

)technologiesinforeigncountries,Chinastillhassomedeficiencies.

答案:Comparedwith;unmanneddrivingTheU.S.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(

)theregulationsoftrafficpoliciesofintelligent(

)

inMay,2013.

答案:released;drivingcarsThetworoutes(

)

eachotherandformthefuture(

)trafficsystemtogether.

答案:crosswith;intelligentThesymbolofwheeledmobile(

)

inthe(

)creationofcarsisreadytogoahead.

答案:robots;subversiveUnderthepromotionofGoogle,Nevada,Florida,CaliforniaandMichiganallowunmanneddrivingcarstotestonpublichighwaysoneafteranother.

答案:对TheEnglandisthefirstonetostudyunmanneddrivingcarsintheworld.

答案:错Inrealizewheeledmobilerobots,theintelligentroutearemorewidespreadthanthenetworkroute.

答案:错Insomeluxuryvehicles,thecostoftheelectronicequipmenthasaccountedforlessthan50%ofthetotalcostofthecars.

答案:错Thefirststageofcardevelopmentreliedtotallyonmanualworkwithoutstandardizedpartsandassemblingprocess.

答案:对Average

(

)

isusedasameasureoflevelofserviceforinterruptedflowconditionandisthereforeusefulindeterminingthelevelof(

)ofaspecifictraveledwayinurbanareas.

答案:overallspeed;serviceWhenafreewayisdevelopedon(

),ofcourse,adjoiningpropertyownershave(

)todirectaccess

toahighway.

答案:newlocation;norightThehighestoverallspeedatwhichadrivercantravelonagivenhighwayunderfavorable

weather

conditionandunder

prevailing

(

)withoutanytimeexceedingthesafespeedasdeterminedbythe(

)ona

section-by-section

basis.

答案:trafficcondition;designspeedControlofaccessistheconditioninwhichtherightofownersor(

)ofabuttinglandorotherpersonstoaccess,light,airorviewinconnectionwithahighwayisfullyorpartiallycontrolledby(

).

答案:occupants;publicauthoritiesUsually,ahighwayinlevelterrainwarrantsalowerdesignspeedthanoneinmountainousterrain.

答案:错Designspeedisveryimportant,sonearlyallgeometricdesignelementsofhighwayareaffectedbytheselecteddesignspeed.

答案:对Pointsofaccessonstreetsandhighwaysshouldbecarefullyplannedtotheextentpossible.

答案:对Freewaysshouldhavefullcontrolofaccess,soshoulddourbanarterialstreetsandmajorruralhighways.

答案:错GeometricDesignControlsandCriteriaareapplicabletoallstreetsandhighways.

答案:对可持续发展SD（

）

答案:sustainabledevelopment工业机器人IR（

）

答案:industrialrobot伺服电机SM（

）

答案:Servomotor；servomotor；信息安全系统ISS（

）

答案:informationsecuritysystem高端装备HEE（

）

答案:high-endequipment；highendequipment；大数据BD（

）

答案:bigdata制造业创新中心MIC（

）

答案:manufacturinginnovationcenter工业强基ISF（

）

答案:industrialstrongfoundation绿色制造GM（

）

答案:greenmanufacturing数字双胞胎DT

答案:Digitaltwin；digitaltwins；人工智能AI（

）

答案:artificialintelligence可编程控制PLC（

）

答案:ProgrammableLogicController；programmablelogiccontroller；programmablelogicalcontroller；虚拟现实VR（

）

答案:virtualreality交流电AC（

）

答案:alternatingcurrent；alternativecurrent集成电路芯片ICC（

）

答案:integratedcircuitchip工业互联网IIOT（

）

答案:industrialinternetofthings；industrialinternetofthing；IndustrialInternetofThings；云计算CC（

）

答案:cloudcomputing智能制造IM（

）

答案:intelligentmanufacture；intelligentmanufacturing；信息物理系统CPS（

）

答案:cyber-physicalsystems；cyberphysicalsystems；cyberphysicalsystem根据中文意思和英文缩写，补全短语，注意短语用全部用小写。例如：物联网IoT（

internetofthings）增强现实AR（

）

答案:augmentedreality；AugmentedReality5.Thispassageismainlyabout（

）

答案:C.theadvantagesofonlineadvertisingWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofonlineadvertising

答案:A.Itcanspreadinformationwithoutbeinglimitedbytime.Comparedwithanyotherwayofadvertising,onlineadvertising（

）3.

A.LocalcompaniesB.SmallbusinessesC.Governmentdepartments5.Thispassageismainlyabout___A.thefunctionandtheuseoftheInternetB.thedevelopmentofsmallbusinessesC.theadvantagesofonlineadvertising

答案:A.offersmoreservicesAccordingtothefirstparagraph,buyingthingsonlineismore（

）

答案:C.convenient5.Whenhewas（

）hehadhisownfilm-makingcompany.

答案:B.aboutthirtyyearsoldAfterheacceptedtheofferby（

）Chaplinbecamesuccessfulandpopular.

答案:B.acomedyfilmcompany3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatChaplin'smother（

）

答案:A.hadsomementalillness2.Chaplinhoped（

）eveninhischildhood.

答案:C.tobeanactorCharlesChaplinlivedin（

）whenhewasaboy.

答案:C.LondonIntelligentproductionisahuman-machineintegrationsystemcomposedofintelligentequipment,sensors,processcontrol,intelligentlogistics,manufacturingexecutionsystem,andCyber-PhysicalSystem.Thegoalofintelligentproductionistooptimizetheproductivityofmanufacturingsystemswhileconsideringmaintenanceoftheequipmentandenergyusage.AnexamplearchitectureofintelligentproductionisshowninFigure2-4.

答案:A、Datafrombothcyberandphysicaldomainsareusedtodevelopananomalydetectionframework.Optimizationfunctionscanencodethetradeoffsbetweenproductivity,energyusage,andreliability,andsolvefortheoptimalmachineparameters.;B、3.IntelligentManufacturingExecutionManagement(MES)ThefunctionsoftheMESincludeplanninganddistributionofworkshopjobs,processmonitoring,materialtrackingandmanagement,operationandmonitoringofworkshopequipment,etc.;C、AsshowninFigure2-4,thearchitectureincludesdifferentmodularmodels.Alargeamountofoperationaldatathatisbeingproducedbythemanufacturingprocessispushedtothecloud,andthemanufacturingprocessisanalyzedautomaticallyinreal-time.

;D、Thecompositionsoftheintelligentproductionsysteminclude:1.DigitalandintelligentequipmentInordertomeettheneedsofpersonalizedcustomization，manufacturingequipmentshouldbedigitalandintelligent.Intelligentproductionsystemshouldincludeafewofflexiblemanufacturingsystems.Eachflexiblemanufacturingsystemindependentlycompletesmanufacturingprocessessuchasprocessing,assemblyandweldingofcomponents.;E、2.IntelligentWarehouseandLogisticsIntelligentwarehouseshouldbeconstructedtohandlematerials.Materialstackinganddistributioncanbeautomaticallycompletedbytheintelligentlogisticssystem,asshowninFigure2-5.Intelligentfactory,usesvariousmoderntechnologiestorealizetheautomationofoffice,managementandproduction,asshowinFigure2-1.Thegoalofbuildingintelligentfactoryistostrengthenandstandardizeenterprisemanagement,reduceworkerrors,improveworkefficiency,carryoutsafetyproductionandprovidedecision-makingreference.

答案:A、Flexibleautomation.Logisticsautomationisveryimportantfortherealizationofintelligentfactory.EnterprisescantransfermaterialsbetweenprocessesthroughAGV,trussmanipulatorandotherlogisticsequipment,asshowninFigure2-2.;B、WideuseofindustrialsoftwareInintelligentfactories,MES(ManufacturingExecutionSystem),APS(AdvancedProductionScheduling),energymanagement,qualitymanagementandotherindustrialsoftwarearewidelyused.;C、Intelligentfactoryisthenewdirectionforintelligentmanufacturingdevelopment.Thefeaturesofintelligentfactoryarefollowing:;D、EquipmentinterconnectionEquipmentinintelligentfactoriescanbeinterconnected.Dataacquisitionandmonitoringsystemcollectsreal-timeequipmentstatus,productioninformationandqualityinformation,andachievestraceabilityofproductionprocess.;E、GreenmanufacturingIntelligentfactorycollectsenergyconsumptionofequipmentandproductionlineintime,andrealizesefficientenergyutilization.Indangerousandpollutedlinks,robotsareusedinsteadofhumans.Industry4.0isanamegiventothecurrenttrendofautomationanddataexchangeinmanufacturingtechnologies.Itincludescyber-physicalsystems,theInternetofThings,cloudcomputingandcognitivecomputing.Industry4.0iscommonlyreferredtoasthefourthindustrialrevolution.Theterm“Industry4.0”,shortenedtoI4.0orsimplyI4,originatesfromaprojectinthehigh-techstrategyoftheGermangovernment,whichpromotesthecomputerizationofmanufacturing.

ThecharacteristicsgivenfortheGermangovernment'sIndustry4.0strategyare:thestrongcustomizationofproductsundertheconditionsofhighlyflexibleproduction.Therequiredautomationtechnologyisimprovedbytheintroductionofmethodsofself-optimization,self-configuration,self-diagnosis,cognitionandintelligentsupportofworkersintheirincreasinglycomplexwork.Industry4.0willaffectmanyareas,mostnotably:1.Reliabilityandcontinuousproductivity2.TheissueofIoTsecurity3.ManufacturingSales4.Workers'educationandskills

答案:A、物联网;B、认知计算;C、工业4.0;D、柔性生产;E、物理信息系统;F、自我优化;G、技术创新;H、蒸汽动力;I、数据交换Virtualreality(VR)isaninteractivecomputer-generatedexperiencetakingplacewithinasimulatedenvironment.Itincorporatesmainlyauditoryandvisualfeedback,butmayalsoallowothertypesofsensoryfeedback.

答案:A、Thegeneralvirtualrealitysystemmainlyincludesfivecomponents:professionalgraphicsprocessingcomputer,applicationsoftwaresystem,inputdevice,outputdeviceanddatabase,asshowninFigure3-11.;B、Today,withtheincreaseinprecision,repeatabilityandmaterialrange,3Dprintingisconsideredasanindustrialproductiontechnology,withthenameofadditivemanufacturing.3Dprintedobjectscanhaveaverycomplexshapeorgeometry.;C、Therearethreecharacteristicsofvirtualreality,asshowninFigure3-10.(l)Immersion:referstotheuseofthree-dimensionalimagestogivepeopleafeelingofbeingpresentonthescene.(2)Interactivity:referstotheuseofsensordevicestointeractwithuser,sothatusersfeelasiftheyareintherealworld.(3)Imagination:referstoenablinguserstoimmersethemselvesinthevirtualenvironmentandimprovetheirperceptualandrationalunderstanding,thusenablinguserstoderivenewideasandconceptsincognition.;D、3Dprintingisaprocessinwhichmaterialisjoinedorsolidifiedundercomputercontroltocreateathree-dimensionalobject.Theprincipleof3DprintingtechnologyisshowninFigure3-12.

;E、Firstly,aseriesofthinslices(usually0.01-0.1mm)areobtainedbyinterceptingthepart‘sdigitalthree-dimensionalCADmodelbyasetofparallelplanes,andthenthewholepartcanbeaccumulatedbythethinslicesaccordingtocertainrules.Whyshouldmanufacturingequipmentbedigitalandintelligentinanintelligentproductionsystem?

答案:A.TooptimizeproductivityandenergyusageWhatfunctionsdoesIntelligentManufacturingExecutionSystem(MES)include?

答案:A.Planninganddistributionofworkshopjobs;C.Processesmonitoring;D.Componentprocessing,assembly,andwelding.Whatisthegoalofintelligentproduction?

答案:B.TooptimizeproductivityofmanufacturingsystemsWhatisintelligentproduction?

答案:A.Asystemcomposedofhuman-machineintegrationAnelectroniccomponentisabasicdiscretedeviceinanelectronicsystemusedtoaffectelectronsortheirassociatedfields.Electroniccomponentsaremostlyindustrialproducts,availableinasingularform.Someexampleelectroniccomponentsareshowninthefollowingfigure.

答案:A、Transistorisoneofthebasiccomponentsofsemiconductor,whichhasthefunctionofcurrentamplification.TransistorcontainstwoveryclosePNjunctionsonasemiconductorsubstrate.TwoPNjunctionsdividethewholesemiconductorintothreeparts,themiddlepartisthebasearea,thetwosidesarethelaunchzoneandthecollectorarea.Basedonthearrangement,therearetwotypesoftransistor,PNPandNPN.;B、Arelayisaspecialcontrolcomponentthatactslikeanactivecontact.Whenthecurrentpassesthroughafixedvalue,thecontactisdisconnected(orconnected),andthecurrentinterrupt(orrenew)tocontrolcomponentsinthesamecircuitorothercircuit.Therearedifferenttypesofrelaysincludingelectromagneticrelays,latchingrelays，electronicrelays,non-latchingrelays,multi-dimensionalrelaysandthermalrelays.;C、ADiodeisanelectronicdevicethatallowscurrenttoflowinonedirectiononly.ItisasemiconductorthatconsistsofaP-Njunction.BothP-typeandN-typesiliconwillconductelectricityjustlikeanyconductor;however,ifapieceofsiliconisdopedP-typeinonesectionandN-typeinanadjacentsection,currentwillflowinonlyonedirectionacrossthejunctionbetweenthetworegions.Diodeisoneofthemostbasicsemiconductordevices.;D、Electroniccomponentshaveanumberofelectricalterminalsorleads.Theseleadsconnecttocreateanelectroniccircuitwithaparticularfunction.Basicelectroniccomponentsmaybepackageddiscretely,orintegratedinsideofpackagessuchassemiconductorintegratedcircuits.;E、Amplifiersaregenerictermsusedtodescribecircuitsthatamplifytheirinputsignals.Amplifierareclassifiedaccordingtotheircircuitconfigurationandoperatingmode.Therearemanyformsofelectroniccircuitsthatareclassifiedasamplifiers,fromOPamplifiersandsmallsignalamplifierstolargesignalamplifiersandpoweramplifiers.;F、ElectronicComponentsareoftwotypes:ActiveandPassiveElectronicComponents.Passiveelectroniccomponentsarethosethatdonothavegainordirectionality,e.g.resistors,capacitors,diodes,andinductors.Activeelectroniccomponentsarethosethathavegainordirectionality,e.g.transistors,integratedcircuits,logicgates.Acontrolsystemmanages,commands,directs,orregulatesthebehaviorofotherdevicesorsystems.Itcanrangefromasinglehomeheatingcontrollerofadomesticboilertolargeindustrialcontrolsystems.Figure6-1showsanautomatictemperaturecontrolsystem.Itconsistsofasensortomeasurethetemperature,acontrollerandapowerregulator.Thecontrollercomparesthemeasuredtemperaturewiththedesiredtemperature,andregulatestheoutputpowertomakethemthesame.

答案:A、开环控制系统;B、瞬态期;C、反馈路径;D、输出功率;E、控制系统;F、功率调节器;G、闭环控制系统;H、测量公差;I、连续时间系统;J、单输入单输出系统/star3/origin/bafcbf4f9f5f3b6304fca8595c3ed981.png

答案:n/a翻译句子2.Coefficientsofshipformwillhelpyouhaveabetterunderstandingofthehullshapeunderwaterandthehullvariationalongshiplength,anddirectlyaffectseakeepingperformancesofvessels.

答案:船型系数能够帮助更好地理解船体的水下形状，以及船体沿船长方向变化的情况，船型系数直接影响着船舶的航海性能。翻译句子2.Differentsea-keepingperformancesofvesselshavemuchtodowithprincipaldimensionsandshipforms.

答案:不同的船舶航海性能与主尺度、船型有很大的关系。翻译专业词汇：bow(

)

stern(

)deadweight

(

)displacement(

)thetotaltonnage

(

)

答案:船首;船尾;载重量;排水量;总吨位翻译专业词汇：performance(

)

delivery(

)

centerline(

)

midship(

)

waterline(

)

答案:性能;交船，交货;中心线;肿部;水线8.

（

）

isequaltothedepthfromthedesignwaterlinetotheuppersurfaceofthedeckplatingatside.A、Freeboard

B、draft

C、depth

moulded

D、breadth

moulded

答案:Freeboard7、The（

）

istheverticalheightfromtheuppersurfaceofkeeltothelowersurfaceofupperdeckwithinthemidshiptransversalcrosssection.A、breadth

moulded

B、draft

C、LPP

D、depth

moulded

答案:depth

moulded5、（

）is

thehorizontaldistancebetweenthetwoperpendiculars,i.e.stemandstern.

答案:Thel