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DINEN17460:2022-10
EN17460:2022(E)
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DINEN17460:2022-10
EN17460:2022(E)
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Contents Page
TOC\o"1-5"\h\z
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Europeanforeword 6
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Introduction 7
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Scope 8
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Normativereferences 8
Termsanddefinitions 9
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Competencesofadhesivebondingpersonnel 14
General 14
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Competencesofcoordinators 15
Competencesoftheadhesivebondingoperators 17
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Designandverificationofadhesivelybondedjointsonrailvehicles 17
General 17
Designprocess 17
Flowchart 17
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Listofrequirements 18
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Preliminarydesignandgeneraldesignparameters 19
Design 19
General 19
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Riskanalysisandsafetyclassification 19
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Adhesivebondingjointlist 20
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Qualificationofanadhesive 20
Validationofthedesign 24
General 24
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Identifyingoftheinfluences/loads 24
Calculation 25
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Provendesign 28
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Componenttest 28
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Combinationofcalculation/componenttest/provendesign 28
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Proofofconformity 28
Workmanship 31
Generalprocessrequirements
Transportandstorageofadhesives,auxiliarymaterialsandadherends
Manufacturingenvironment
Preparationofworkstationsandacclimatizationofmaterials
Occupationalhealthandsafety,environmentalprotection
Checkingforfittingaccuracyconcerningshape,positionanddimension
Checkspriortostartofproduction
Treatmentoftheadherendsurfaces
Dosing,mixingandapplication
Joiningtheadherends
Fixing
Solidification
Packagingandtransportofadhesivelybondedcomponents
Workinstructions
Production-accompanyingwork-samplesasaproofpossibilityofapplicationquality...
TOC\o"1-5"\h\z
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Rework 38
Qualityassurance 38
General 38
Qualityplanning 38
Qualityinspection 39
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Correctiveaction 40
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Imperfectionsinadhesivebonds 40
Maintenanceandrepair 40
General 40
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Documentation 41
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Executionrules 41
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Maintenanceandrepairinstructions 41
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Subcontracting 41
AnnexA(informative)Adhesivebondingpersonnel 42
A.l Personnel 42
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A.l.l Competenciesofadhesivebondingoperators 42
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A.1.2 (Responsible)AdhesiveBondingCoordinator(rABC/ABC) 42
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A.2Organizationalintegrationofadhesivebondingcoordination-furtherdetailsinadditionto4.2 45
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A.3 Monitoringandtestingpersonnel 45
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AnnexB(informative)Explanationofcomprehensive,specificandbasiccompetencies,knowledgeapplication,practicalapplication,andexperiences 46
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Competence-subject 46
Generaldefinitionsofcompetencies,knowledgeapplication,practicalapplication,
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andexperiencesdefinedinTable1ofthisdocument 47
Comprehensive 47
Specific 47
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Basic 48
Detaileddefinitionsofcompetencies,knowledgeapplication,practicalapplication,
andexperienceswithrespecttothesubjectcontentsdefinedinTableB.lofthisannex 48
Comprehensive:detaileddefinitions 48
Specific:detaileddefinitions 55
Basic:detaileddefinitions 61
AnnexC(informative)Listofrequirements 65
AnnexD(normative)Determiningthestresslimit 67
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D.l General 67
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D.2 Characteristicvaluesandthepermissiblestresslimit 67
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D.3 Testinglow-modulus(flexible)adhesives 69
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D.3.1 General 69
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D.3.2Determiningthemodulusofelasticity,thePoisson,sratioandthestress/straincharacteristicusingadhesivetestpieces 69
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D.3.3Testingthequasi-staticadhesivebondstrengthforadhesivebondsformedwithlow-modulusadhesives 69
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D.3.4Testingthecompressionofadhesivebondsusinglow-modulusadhesives 70
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D.3.5Testingtheelongationatbreakafterrelaxationofadhesivebondsusingflexibleadhesive 71
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D.3.6 Testingthecreepbehaviourofadhesivebondsusinglow-modulusadhesives 71
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D.3.7 Testingthefatiguestrengthofadhesivebondsusinglow-modulusadhesives 72
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D.3.8 MeasurementofpHvalueofcuredadhesivesexposuretomoisture 72
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D.4 Testinghigh-modulus(verystiff)adhesives 72
D.4.1 Determiningthemodulusofelasticity,thePoisson,sratioandthestress/strain
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characteristicusingadhesivetestpieces 72
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D.4.2 Testinglapshearstrength 72
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D.4.3 Testingthecreepbehaviourofadhesivebondsusing high-modulusadhesives 73
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D.4.4 Testingthefatiguestrengthofadhesivebondsusinghigh-modulusadhesives 73
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D.4.5 Othertests:measurementofpHvalueofcuredadhesivesexposuretomoisture 73
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AnnexE(informative)Criteriaforchoosinganadhesivebondingsystem 74
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AnnexF(informative)Descriptionofnon-destructiveand destructivetestingmethods 78
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F.l General 78
F.2 Non-destructivetesting 78
F.2.1 Preliminaryremark 78
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F.2.2 Visualinspection 78
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F.2.3 Ultrasonictesting 78
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F.2.4 Thermography 78
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F.2.5 Shearography 79
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F.2.6 Taptest 79
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F.2.7 Waterdroptest 79
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F.2.8 Inktest 79
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F.2.9 Testforadhesionatedgesorflanks 79
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F.2.10 Suctioncuptest 79
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F.2.11 Testusingafeelergauge 79
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F.3 Destructivetesting 79
F.3.1 Preliminaryremark 79
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F.3.2 Fracturepatterns 79
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F.3.3 Lapsheartest(EN1465) 80
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F.3.4 Floatingrollerpeeltest(ISO4578[55]) 80
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F.3.5 Beadpeeltest(ISO21194)[54] 80
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AnnexG(informative)Descriptionofacceleratedageingtests 81
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G.l General 81
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G.2 Ageingfactorsanditseffects 81
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G.3 Selectionofacceleratedageingtest 82
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G.4 Examplesofacceleratedageingtests 82
G.4.1 General 82
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G.4.2 Constantclimaticconditions 82
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G.4.3 Alternatingclimatetest 82
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G.4.4 Saltspraytest 83
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G.4.5 Cataplasmatest 83
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G.4.6 ExposuretolightrespectivelyUVradiation 83
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G.4.7 Exposuretocontaminantsandmedia 83
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G.4.8 Appropriatecombinedtest 83
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G.4.9 Weathering 84
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AnnexH(informative)Examplesofnon-decorativeanddecorativeimperfectionsofadhesivebonds 85
H.l General 85
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H.2 Examplesofnon-decorativeimperfections 85
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H.3 Criteriaanddifferentdecorativeareas 86
AnnexI(informative)Adhesivebondingsymbols 87
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Ll Assembliesinformationondrawings 87
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AnnexJ(informative)Clarificationoffurthervocabularyassociatedwithadhesivebondingtechnology 88
J.l General 88
J.2 Vocabulary 88
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Bibliography 97
Europeanforeword
Thisdocument(EN17460:2022)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC256“Railwayapplications,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN.
ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyJanuary2023,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyJanuary2027.
Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CENshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.
Anyfeedbackandquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusers'nationalstandardsbody.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundontheCENwebsite.
AccordingtotheCEN-CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganisationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TurkeyandtheUnitedKingdom.
Introduction
Historically,theproductionofrailwayvehiclesandtheircomponents,forthemainpart,comprisessuchmaterialsassteelsandaluminiumalloys.Theirmethodsofconstructionandassemblyincludesuchprocessesasbolting,riveting,andwelding.
RailwayvehicleswithinthemeaningofthisdocumentaredefinedinEN15380-1[47].
Technologicaldevelopmentshaveledtotheavailabilityofothermaterials,e.g.composites,andsomeofthesetraditionalmethodsofconstructionasbolting,riveting,andweldingandassemblyarenotnecessarilyappropriateorsuitableforsuchmaterials.
Forthisreason,aprocessofadhesivebondingcanbeessentialfortheproductionofcertainrailwayvehiclesandtheircomponents,notonlyinthecaseofcompositesbutforsteelsandaluminiumalloysaswellasglassandothermaterials.
Theconfirmationofthequalityandintegrityofthefinaladhesivelybondedjointsdonotreadilylendthemselvestotraditionalinspectionandtestingtechniquessuchasnon-destructivetesting.
Therefore,itisessentialthatthequalityandcontroloftheadhesivelybondedjointsofassembliesandcomponentsismanagedtothebestpossiblelevelbymeansofanappropriateprocesscontrolprocedure.
WhilsttherearestandardsthatdealwithQualityControlandaretakenintoaccount,thisdocumentaimstogivethecorrectframeworkandincludesadditionaldetailnecessaryforalladhesivebondingandsealingactivitiesperformedonrailwayvehiclesanditscomponentsasaspecialprocess.
NOTEENISO9001[41]issuchanexample.
Againstthisbackground,thisdocumentreferstodefinitionsaswellasorganisational,management,contractualandtechnicalprinciplestobefollowedinproductionofadhesivelybondedjointsinanalogytoweldingtechnology.Thus,comparablefocalpointsarealsothefocushere:
Focalpoint1:Classificationofeachadhesivelybondedjointaccordingtosafetyrequirements(see5∙3.2)∙
Focalpoint2:Designationofsupervisorypersonnel(AdhesiveBondingCoordinators-ABCs)andexecutionpersonnel(AdhesiveBondingOperators)whocanobjectivelydemonstratethattheyhavethenecessaryandrequiredskills,knowledge,andexperienceinthefieldOfadhesivebonding(seeClause4).
Focalpoint3:Verificationthattheactualloading(stress,strain,andstrainenergy)ofanadhesivelybondedjointduringtheuseofanadhesivelybondedproductisinanycaselessthanthemaximumloadcapacity(see5.4andAnnexD).
Anotherfocusofthisdocumentaretheprinciplesofworkmanshipofadhesivelybondedjoints(seeClause6).
Scope
Thisdocumentdefinestermsandspecifiesrequirementsforadhesivebondingandsealingworkinrailvehiclesandtheircomponentsindependentofthematerialoftheadherendandthesolidificationmechanism,strength,anddeformationpropertiesoftheadhesives.
Thisdocumentisapplicabletoadhesivebondingandsealingadherendsinthe:
—development(pre-production);
—production(in-production];
maintenanceincludingrepair(post-production);
—qualityassuranceofproduction,inspection,maintenanceincludingrepairofrailvehiclesandtheircomponents.
Thisdocumentisnotapplicableto:
screwretentionbytheusageofadhesives,ifascrewassemblywithoutfurthersafeguardofidenticaljointdesignissufficientforthepurpose;
—hybridjoints,iftheexpectedfunctionisgivenexclusivelybyanotherjoiningtechnologye.g.welding,screwing,riveting;
productionofvulcanizates;
productionofplywood;
productionoffibrereinforcedplasticcomposites(FRP-composites);
productionOflaminatedsafetyglass;
pureencapsulatingofelectronicparts;
—applicationofsingle-sidedadhesivedecorativefilms.
Normativereferences
Thefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.
EN1465,Adhesives—Determinationoftensilelap-shearstrengthofbondedassemblies
EN923,Adhesives—Termsanddefinitions
ENISO10365,Adhesives—Designationofmainfailurepatterns
ISO16269-6:2014,Statisticalinterpretationofdata—Part6:Determinationofstatisticaltoleranceintervals
EN14869-2lStructuraladhesives—DeterminationofshearbehaviourOfstructuralbonds—Part2:Thickadherendssheartest(/S。11003-27
ISO12107,Metallicmaterials—Fatiguetesting—Statisticalplanningandanalysisofdata
Termsanddefinitions
Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninEN923,andthefollowingapply.
NOTEAnadditionalclarificationofvocabularyassociatedwithadhesivebondingtechnologyisgiveninAnnexJ.
ISOandIECmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:
ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableat
/obp
IECElectropedia:availableat
/
3.1
adhesion
technicaltermfortheinteractionsbetweentheadhesivepolymersandtheadherend/substratesurface
Note1toentry:Adhesionoccursinnm-dimensions.
3.2
cohesion
internalstrengthofamaterial,e.g.anadhesive
Note1toentry:Cohesionforceskeepforexamplethemoleculesofanadhesivetogetherandarebasedonattractivephysicalforcesbetweenthepolymerchains,entanglementofthepolymerchains,andchemicalbondsinsideandbetweentheadhesivepolymerchains.
3.3
adhesive
non-metallicmaterialwhichbondstwoadherends/substratestogetherviaadhesionandcohesion
3.4
adherend
substrate
objectorsemi-finishedproduct(e.g.,sheetmetal,wires,metalextruded,mouldedplastic,fabrics,glass,coatedsubstrate,etc.)onwhichanadhesiveisapplied
Note1toentry:Inadhesivebondingprocesses,thetermadherendisoftenusedasasynonymforsubstrate.
3.5
adhesionpromotor
liquidusedinsurfacetreatmenttoimprovetheadhesionoftheadhesivetotheadherend
Note1toentry:Adhesionpromotorsoftenarenamedasprimers,accelerators,oractivators(seealsoJ.2.2).
3.6
adhesivebonding
processofjoiningtogethertheadherendsbyanadhesiveorsealant
Note1toentry:Theadherends/substratescanbemadeofthesameaswellasofdifferentmaterialsandcanhavedifferentsurfacecharacteristics.
3.7
adhesivebondingarea
areawhichisusedtojoinoneormoreadherends/substratesusinganadhesive
Note1toentry:Theadhesivebondingareaisusuallytheproductoftheoverlaplengthandoverlapwidthoftheadherends/substrates.
3.8
AdhesiveBondingCoordinator
ABC
qualifiedpersonwithprovenexpertiseinadhesivebondingtechnologyresponsibleforthesupervisionoftheadhesivebondingprocessesandforalllinkedactivities
Note1toentry:TheresponsibilitiesoftheAdhesiveBondingCoordinators[ABCs]areshowninTable1.
3.9
responsibleAdhesiveBondingCoordinator/deputy
rABC/d
qualifiedpersonwithlevelofcompetenceaccordingtoTable1inadhesivebondingtechnologytosupervisethefullscopeorapartofthefullscopeasthehighestinstanceregardingbondingtechnologyincludingannouncementsofdeputiesaccordingtoscopeandclass
3.10
adhesivebonder
personnelwithprovencorrespondingknowledgeapplyingorexecutingtheadhesivebondingprocesstomanufacture,maintain,orrepaircomponents
3.11
adhesivebondingpersonnel
personnelinvolvedinthedesign,planning,manufacturing,andmaintenance/repairrelatedtotheadhesivebondingprocess
3.12
adhesivebondingprocedure
allassociatedprocessesconcernedwithadhesivebondingsuchasconditioningofsubstratesandadhesive,surfacetreatment,processingtheadhesive,applicationoftheadhesive,joiningtheadherends/substratesandsolidification(curing/hardening)
3.13
adhesivelybondedjoint
connectionoftwoormoresubstrates(adherends)fromthesamematerialordifferentmaterialswiththeuseofanadhesive
Note1toentry:Anadhesivelybondedjointcanbedefinedasrigidcoupling,flexiblecoupling,orjointsealing.Allthreetypesofjunctionarebasedonthesameprinciplesofoperation.
3.14
structuraladhesivelybondedjoint
adhesivelybondedjointinwhichtheadhesivebondmakesasignificantcontributiontoguaranteetheload-transferringbetweentheadherends
3.15
component
onepartofanadhesive
Note1toentry: Inadhesivebondingtechnology,thepartsofanadhesivesystem(resinandhardener)arecalled
components(componentAandcomponentB).
3.16
ageing
changesinadhesivelybondedjointsandtheirpropertiesovertime
Note1toentry:Ageingcanbesimulatedbystorageoflaboratorytestsamplesunderspecialclimaticconditionsinordertomimic,overashortperiodoftime,theeffectstowhichadhesives/adhesivelybondedjointsareexposedduringtheirwholereallifetime.
Note2toentry:Adhesivescanageduetotheeffectofmoisture,chemicals,oxygen,heat,light,mechanicalstress,etc.
3.17
application
placeadhesiveonanadherendduringtheadhesivebondingprocedure
3.18
curing
chemicalsolidificationoftheadhesive
chemicalreactionsleadingtoadhesivesolidification(thermoplastic,elastomeric,orthermosetpolymers)
Note1toentry:Thisreferstochemicallycuringadhesives.
3.19
curingtime
periodoftimerequiredtosolidifyachemicallycuringadhesiveuntilfinalstrength
3.20
technicaldatasheet
technicalinformationsheetaboutanadhesivewrittenbytheadhesivemanufacturer
Note1toentry:Itgivesinformationabouttheadhesiveandhowtoprocessandapplytheadhesive(alsocalled:TDS).
3.21
safetydatasheet
informationsheetaboutproduct-relatedimportantsafetyinstructions
Note1toentry:AlsocalledMaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS).
3.22
destructivetesting
analyses,tests,orsurveyscarriedoutonatestsampleorsystemforgettingqualitative/quantitativespecificproperties
Note1toentry:Thetestsamplecannotbeusedafterwards.
3.23
non-destructivetesting
NDT
analyses,tests,andmeasurementsperformedusingmethodswhichdonotundulyalterthematerialanddonotdamageordestroythesampleinthetestsystem,aimedattheinvestigationandidentificationofdefectsofthestructureitself
Note1toentry:Eachtestsamplecanbeusedafterwardswithoutcompromisingthefunctioningoftheproduct.
3.24
handlingtime
timewhichisreachedwhenthesolidificationoftheadhesiveintheadhesivelybondedjointhasprogressedtosuchanextentthat-withoutimpairingthequalityoftherespectiveadhesivelybondedjointinanyway-thenextworkstepincludingtheresultingloadingcanbeinitiated,therailvehicleorrailvehiclepartcanbedeliveredoritscommissioningcantakeplace
3.25
hotspot
FEM
smallregionorareawithahighvalueofaquantity(e.g.,stress,strain,energy)
3.26
influence
non-mechanicalparametersthatareappliedtoamaterialandchangeitsproperties
Note1toentry:Thenatureofthenon-mechanicalparametersinfluencesthematerialbehaviour(loading)andtheloadcapacitytobeselected.Furtherinfluencescanhaveanimpactoftheadhesiveselection.
3.27
joining
assemblingofsubstrates/adherends(3.1)tobecomeawhole
Note1toentry:Adhesivebondingisjustonejoiningmethod.Othersarewelding,screwing,andriveting.
3.28
load
mechanicalparametersthatareappliedtoamaterialandleadtostressesandstrains(deformations)inthematerial
Note1toentry:ThetypeofmechanicalparametersinfluencesthematerialBehaviour(Ioading)andtheloadcapacity(see3.29)tobeselected.
3.29
loadcapacity
limitoftheadhesivelybondedjointtowithstandstress,strainandstrainenergy
3.30
loadcase
combinationsofloadsandinfluencesappliedtoanadhesivelybondedjointatthesametime
Note1toentry:Usuallythereareseveralloadcaseswhichdescribedifferentstatesinvehicleoperationaswellasinthemanufacturing/repairprocess.Manufacturing/repairloadcasesarealwaystobeevaluatedincombinationwiththesolidificationstateoftheadhesiveandarethebasisforthedeterminationofhandlingstrengthorcommissioningtimes.
3.31
non-mechanicalload
differenttypesofexternalinfluences,whichcanactonanadhesivelybondedjoint,e.g.heat,moisture,andchemicaleffects(water,solvents,etc.)
3.32
mechanicalproperty
propertyrelatedtothebehaviourofanadhesiveoradhesivelybondedjointwhensubjectedtoexternalphysicalforces(tensileforces,shearforces,abrasiveforces,compressiveforces,torque,lapshearforces,etc.)
3.33
potlife
periodoftimeinwhichareactive2Cadhesiveshallbeappliedafterputtingtogetherandmixingitscomponentsuntilthemaximumpermissibleviscosityforstillsufficientwettingisreached(themaximumprocessingtime)
Note1toentry:Thistimedependsonthespeedandtherateofthechemicalreactionsresponsibleforthepolymerformation(curingrate)andalsoontheexternalboundaryconditions(e.g.temperature,quantityofmixtureprepared).Inordertocreatehigh-qualityadhesivelybondedjointsthepotlifeisstrictlyobserved.Chemicallycuringadhesiveswhichhaveexceededtheirpotlifecannotbeappliedanylongerontheadherend'ssurfaceandaredisposed.
Note2toentry:InsomeTechnicalDatasheetsinsteadoftheterm"potlife"theterm"worklife"isused.
3.34
qualificationofanadhesive
processforprovingthattheadhesivemeetstherequirementsplacedonit
3.35
safetyclass
performancerequirementsoftheadhesivelybondedjointdefinedonthebasisofthepotentialofdamageeffectthatthefailureofthejointcancause
3.36
specialprocess
processwheretheconformityoftheresultingoutputcannotbevalidatedeasily,i.e.usuallynon-Jestructivelywithonehundredpercentcertainty,oreconomically
3.37
stresscracking
crackdevelopmentinplasticsasaconsequenceofthesimultaneousactionofchemicals(e.g.,solvents)andmechanicalstress
Noteltoentry:Theresidualstressofamaterialoftensufficesforstresscrackstodevelop.
3.38
surfacetreatment
treatmentofthesurfacesofpartstobejoinedinordertooptimisewettabilityandadhesionandtoachievereproducibleadhesivelybondedjointswithastabilitythatmeetstherequirements
3.39
testsample
speciallypreparedspecimenwhichisthesubjectofdestructiveornon-destructivetesting
3.40
thermoplasticpolymer
classofplasticwhichcanbedeformedinanydesiredwaywithinaspecifictemperaturerange,withoutundergoingachemicalchange
Note1toentry:Thesedeformationpropertiesareduetothefactthatthepolymersarenotchemicallycrosslinked.
3.41
thermoset
typeofplasticwithpolymerchainschemicallycrosslinkedinanarrow-meshwhichcannotbedeformedinanydesiredway,withoutundergoingachemicalchange
3.42
user-companyadhesiveuser
companythatusesadhesivesandadhesivebondingtechnologyfortheirproduction,maintenanceandrepair
3.43
wettability
abilityofaliquid(forexampleanadhesive)tospreaditselfonasolidsurfacesothattheadhesiveisdistributedoveraslargeanareaaspossibleontheadhesivebondingsurfaceandcomessoclosetothesurfacethattheinteractioncantakeplace
Note1toentry:Eventhoughtheadhesionisalsodependentonotherfactors,thewettingofthesurfaceisanabsolutelynecessaryconditioninordertoobtainadhesionbetweenadherendandadhesive,butnottheonlyone.
Competencesofadhesivebondingpersonnel
General
Theadhesiveuser-companyshallhaveattheirdisposaladhesivebondingpersonnelwithappropriatecompetencesforAdhesiveBondingOperatorsandAdhesiveBondingCoordinators(rABC∕d).Personnelperformingadhesivebondingworkshallhavethenecessarycompetencies,knowledgeandexperiencesforplanning,designing,supervising,testingandworkmanshipinadhesivebondingtechnology.SeealsoAnnexAforfurtherdetails.
Theworkperformedbythesubcontractorshallalsobeexecutedfollowingtherequirementsofthisdocument.
Incaseofsubcontracting,anexternalrABC/doftheorderingcompanyshallnotworkforthesubcontractingparty.
Therearethreelevelsofcompetencies1,2and3,seeTable1.
Table1—Levelsofcompetencies,knowledgeandexperiencesforadhesivebondingpersonnel
Level
Scopeofcompetencies,knowledgeandexperiences
1
Comprehensivetechnologicalcompetences,knowledgeandexperiencesinadhesivebondingtechnologyarefulfilledbythestate-of-the-artskillsandadvancedskills(minimumone-yearsuitableexperienceinadhesivebondingtechnology)
ExamplesininformativeAnnexB
2
Specifictechnologicalcompetences,knowledgeandexperiencesinadhesivebondingtechnologyarefulfilledbythestate-of-the-artskillsandadvancedskills(minimumone-yearsuitableexperienceinadhesivebondingtechnology)
ExamplesininformativeAnnexB
3
Basictechnologicalcompetences,knowledgeandexperiencesinadhesivebondingtechnologyarefulfilledbythestate-of-the-artskills.
TrainingandqualificationofthislevelcanbeapprovedbyrABC∕d.Inth
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