专题18阅读理解-2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练

专题18阅读理解命题方向重要指数考向一应用文（必考点）考向二记叙文（必考点）考向三说明文（常考点）考向四议论文（常考点）考向一应用文例1（2022·湖北荆门·统考中考真题）（应用文）Weletoournewclubs!ChineseKnotClubKnotscanalsobeart.Youcanlearntheoldstoriesbehindtheknotsandlearntomakeyourownones.Thetraditionalredknotsarebelievedtobringpeoplehappinessandgoodluck.Time:8:00a.m.—10:00a.m.,TuesdayPlace:Room308TaijiquanClubAsanancientformofexercise,taijiquanbringspeacetoourmindandbodywithslowandquietmovements.Let’sfollowMr.Suanddoittogether.Itwillhelpyoushakeoffthestressinyourlife.Time:5:30p.m.—6:30p.m.,fromMondaytoFridayPlace:TheYouthSquareChineseCalligraphy(书法)Clubeandjoinus,boysandgirls!YoucanenjoythebeautyofChinesecalligraphyandlearnhowtowriteChinesecharacters(汉字)beautifully.Ms.Zhangiswaitingforyouhere.Time:3:00p.m.—5:00p.m.,ThursdayPlace:Room107BeijingOperaClubInourclub,youcanlearntoperformBeijingoperaandplayrolesfromancienttimes.Mr.WuisafamousBeijingoperaactor.HegiveslessonseachFridayandwegotoMeiLanfangTheatertoenjoyBeijingoperashowsonceamonth.Time:8:00a.m.—11:00a.m.,FridayPlace:Room105InChineseculture,theredknotsareasymbolof________.A．art B．peace C．oldstories D．goodluck2．WhencanyougototheTaijiquanClub?A．At5:00p.m.onSunday. B．At10:00a.m.onMonday.C．At5:30p.m.onFriday. D．At8:00a.m.onTuesday.3．WhatcanwelearnabouttheBeijingOperaClub?A．ItslessonsaregivenbyMr.Su. B．Itsmembersmeetonceaweek.C．Itsmembersperformatatheater. D．Itsteacherisafamousperformer.【答案】1．D

2．C

3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文，向我们介绍几个新的俱乐部。1．细节理解题。根据“Thetraditionalredknotsarebelievedtobringpeoplehappinessandgoodluck.”可知，传统的红结被认为能给人们带来幸福和好运。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“TaijiquanClub...Time:5:30p.m.—6:30p.m.,fromMondaytoFriday”可知，太极拳俱乐部的时间是周一到周五的晚上5:30到6:30，故选C。3．推理判断题。根据“HegiveslessonseachFriday”可知，每个星期五上课，所以成员每周见一次面，故选B。一、文章类型阅读理解之应用文包含广告、招聘、咨询和建议、通知等类型的文章。二、满分技巧解答广告图表类题，要仔细阅读表格中的内容，表格类阅读材料一般都直观地表达出所要传递的信息。考生只要能看懂各个项目的意义，即可找出所设问题的答案。这类材料一般不涉及难度太大的题目。纵观历年各省市的中考题可以看出广告图表类的文章在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重，一般四篇阅读理解中至少有一篇是广告图表类。广告图表类的文章属于应用文的行列。考生在阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手：一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画上的文字或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。【变式1】（2022·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·统考中考真题）9:00a.m.—11:30a.m.Preparedspeechesandcreativetalentshowsarewaitingforyouinthehall.11:50a.m.—2:30p.m.HavelunchattheLotusHotel.Traditionalfoodanddrinksareoffered.3:00p.m.—9:00p.m.Youwon’tmisssandsliding,camelriding,sightseeingtraintour,OrdosWeddingandunforgettablecampfire<Joinusby8:00p.m.>.*Awarmcoat,afewmasksandnegativenucleicacidtestreportsareneeded.Whoistheposterprobablywrittenfor?A．Parents. B．Schoolleavers. C．Teachers. D．Seventhgraders.5．WhattimeshouldJackarriveifhewantstojoininthecampfire?A．At11:50a.m. B．At3:00p.m. C．About8:00p.m. D．After9:30p.m.6．StudentscandothefollowingthingsduringthetripEXCEPT________.A．ridingthecamelinXiangshaBay B．listeningtothepreparedspeechesC．givingthankstoteachersandparents D．goinghikingwithclassmates【答案】4．B

5．B

6．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍毕业活动——香沙湾之旅。4．推理判断题。根据“It’stimetogivethankstoteachersandparentsandsaygoodbyetoeachotherinanewway.”可知，是时候感谢老师和父母，用新的方式和对方说再见了。由此推知，文章是写给学校毕业生的，故选B。5．细节理解题。根据“3:00p.m.—9:00p.m.”和“Joinusby8:00p.m.”可知，活动下午3点开始，如果想看篝火，需要在晚上8点前加入。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据“camelriding”，“Preparedspeeches”和“It’stimetogivethankstoteachersandparentsandsaygoodbyetoeachotherinanewway.”可知，没有提到和同学一起去远足。故选D。考向二记叙文例1（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）（记叙文）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断文后句子的正误。正确的句子涂A，错误的涂B。Threeyearsago,IwentonavacationinParis,France.Oneday,Iwenttoarestauranttohavelunch,buttherewerenomorefreetablesthere.Thenanoldwomansaid,“Youcansitwithme.”Ithankedherandsatdownwiththekindwoman.Afterthelunch,sheaskedmehowIwouldspendthevacationinParis.ItoldherIwouldtakeataxitogoout,althoughitwasalittleexpensive.“Mydear,don’tuseanymoretaxis,”saidthewoman.“I’mretired(退休的)andIcandriveyoutoanyplaceyouwant.”ItoldherIcouldn’ttroublehertoomuch,butshedisagreedandaskedmewhereIwasstayingandthenextmorningshecametomyhotel.ShedrovemetotheEiffelTowerandthenleftafterstayingwithmeforsometime.Attheendoftheday,shecamebacktotakemebacktomyhotel.Igavehermoney,butsherefused.ThatwonderfulwomanmademyshortvacationinParisgreat.Iwillneverforgether.7．Thewriterdidn’thavelunchbecausetherewerenofreetablesintherestaurant.8．Theoldwomanwouldliketodrivethewriteranywhereshewantedtogo.9．TheoldwomanvisitedtheEiffelTowerwiththewriter.10．TheoldwomangotsomemoneyaftershedrovethewritertotheEiffelTower.11．Thewriterwillneverforgettheoldwomanbecauseofherkindness.【答案】7．B

8．A

9．B

10．B

11．A【导语】本文讲述了作者去巴黎旅行时遇到一位善良的老妇人的故事。7．细节理解题。根据“Youcansitwithme”以及“Afterthelunch”可知作者和老妇人坐在一起吃了午饭。故选B。8．细节理解题。根据“I’mretired(退休的)andIcandriveyoutoanyplaceyouwant.”可知老妇人愿意开车送作者去任何她想去的地方。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据“ShedrovemetotheEiffelTowerandthenleftafterstayingwithmeforsometime”可知老妇人把作者送到埃菲尔铁塔后，待了一段时间就走了，并没有和作者一起参观了埃菲尔铁塔。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据“ShedrovemetotheEiffelTowerandthenleftafterstayingwithmeforsometime.Attheendoftheday,shecamebacktotakemebacktomyhotel.Igavehermoney,butsherefused.”可知老妇人开车送作者到埃菲尔铁塔后并没有得到钱。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据“ThatwonderfulwomanmademyshortvacationinParisgreat.Iwillneverforgether.”可知作者永远不会忘记这位老妇人的善良。故选A。记叙文阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。1.人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。2.短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。解题技巧1.阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。2.阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。【变式1】（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）Arichwomanissoproudofavaluableantiquevase(古董花瓶)thatshedecidestohaveherbedroompaintedthesamecolorasthevase.Severalpainterstrytomixthecolorright,butnoneescloseenoughtosatisfythewoman.Finally,theninthpersones.HeisapainternamedWilson.Heisconfidentthathecanmixthepropercolor.Thewomanispleasedwiththeresult,andWilsonbeesfamous.Yearslater,heretiresandturnsthebusinessovertohisson.“Dad,”askstheson,“there’ssomethingI’vegottoknow.Howdidyougetthosewallstomatchthevasesoperfectly?”“Son,”Wilsonreplies,“Ipaintedthevase.”12．Wheredoesthewomanwanttopaint?A．Thelivingroom. B．Thekitchen. C．Thebedroom.13．Howmanypainterstrytomixthecolor?A．Seven. B．Eight. C．Nine.14．Whatmakesthepainterbeefamous?A．Hiswonderfulworks.B．Histalentedson.C．Hemixesthepropercolorandsatisfiesthewoman.15．WhowilltakeoverWilson’sbusiness?A．Hisson. B．Hisnephew. C．Hisdaughter.16．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AvaluableantiquevaseB．AsmartpainterC．Arichwomanandherantiquevase【答案】12．C

13．C

14．C

15．A

16．B【导语】本文讲述了一个聪明的粉刷工怎样让一位贵妇满意的故事。12．细节理解题。根据“shedecidestohaveherbedroompaintedthesamecolorasthevase.”可知女人决定把卧室粉刷成和花瓶一样的颜色。故选C。13．细节理解题。根据“Finally,theninthpersones”可知一共有九位画家尝试调色。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据“Heisconfidentthathecanmixthepropercolor.Thewomanispleasedwiththeresult,andWilsonbeesfamous”可知他调配了合适的颜色，让女人满意，这使得他出名，故选C。15．细节理解题。根据“Yearslater,heretiresandturnsthebusinessovertohisson”可知Wilson的儿子会接手他的生意，故选A。16．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文讲述了一个聪明的粉刷工怎样让一位贵妇满意的故事。B选项最合适。故选B。考向三说明文例1（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）（说明文）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。Anewstudyfoundthatlotsofkidshateschool.Usuallythiskindoffeelingdoesn’tlastlong.Butwhatwillhappenifyoufeelthiswaytoomuch?Schoolisafactoflifeandgettingagoodeducationcanhelpyoubuildthekindoffuturelifeyouwant.Solet’stalkaboutschoolandwhattodowhenyoudon’tlikeit.Ifyoudon’tlikeschool,thefirststepistofindoutwhy.Youmightnotlikeschoolbecauseyoudon’thaveenoughfriends,ormaybeyouarenotgoodwithyourteachers.Sometimesthere’sabigproblemwithyourschoolwork.Toomanysubjectsandtoomuchhomeworkmakeyouworried.Youmaybegettingfartherandfartherbehind,anditmayseemlikeyou’llnevercatchup.Whenyouknowwhyyoudon’tlikeschool,youcanstarttakingstepstomakethingsbetter.It’sagoodideatotalktosomeoneaboutyourproblemswithschool.Remember,yourmum,dadorteacherscanalwayshelpyou.Anothergoodideaistowritedownyourfeelingsaboutschoolinanotebook.It’sagreatwaytoletoutemotions（情绪）.Remember,youdon’thavetosharewhatyou’vewrittenwithothers.17．Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknow________.A．allthestudentshateschoolB．therearesomewaystohelpthesestudentswhohateschoolC．ifastudenthatesschool,hewillneverlikeit18．Accordingtothepassage,whocanhelpthestudentswhentheyhaveproblemswithschool?A．Theirfriends. B．Theirteachers. C．Theirclassmates.19．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“catchup”mean?A．弥补 B．赶上 C．纠缠20．Whatdoesthewriter’sopinionongettingagoodeducation?A．Itcanhelpstudentsmakemorefriends.B．Itcanmaketheparentshappy.C．Itcanhelpstudentsbuildthekindoffuturelifetheywant.21．Ifstudentshateschool,whatcantheydotosolvetheproblem?A．Writedowntheirfeelings.B．Sharewhatthey’vewrittenwithothers.C．Keeptheproblemtothemselves.【答案】17．B

18．B

19．B

20．C

21．A【导语】本文主要介绍了学生厌学的原因，并就如何解决这个问题提出了建议。17．推理判断题。根据“Solet’stalkaboutschoolandwhattodowhenyoudon’tlikeit.”可知，这篇文章要谈谈如果你不喜欢学校的话，可以做些什么，也就是说，有一些方法可以帮助那些厌学的学生。故选B。18．细节理解题。根据“Remember,yourmum,dadorteacherscanalwayshelpyou.”可知，老师能帮助那些学业上有困难的学生。故选B。19．词句猜测题。根据“Youmaybegettingfartherandfartherbehind,anditmayseemlikeyou’llnevercatchup.”可知，你可能会越来越落后，看起来好像你永远都赶不上。说明catchup意为“赶上”。故选B。20．细节理解题。根据“Schoolisafactoflifeandgettingagoodeducationcanhelpyoubuildthekindoffuturelifeyouwant.”可知，作者认为，学校是生活的一个事实，接受良好的教育可以帮助学生打造他们想要的未来生活。故选C。21．细节理解题。根据“Anothergoodideaistowritedownyourfeelingsaboutschoolinanotebook.”可知，如果学生厌学，可以把他们关于学校的感觉记在笔记本里。故选A。＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。说明文阅读理解的特征一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who→what→when→where→how→why。1.who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）2.what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）3.when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途4.how：通过什么方式表现出来的？5.why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的whword。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。【变式1】（2022·湖北荆门·统考中考真题）Foundedin1987inShenzhen,Huaweiisaleadingproviderofinformationandmunicationstechnology(ICT)aroundtheworld.Withmorethan195,000workers,thepanyrunsinmorethan170countriesandareas,servingmorethanthreebillionpeople.Asweallknow,therearetwooperatingsystems(操作系统)usedinsmartphones,AndroidOSandiOS.Foraverylongtime,mostofthesmartphoneshavebeendependingonAndroidOS,includingHuawei’ssmartphones.Nowthingsarechanging.Huaweihasbeencreatingitsownoperatingsystem—HarmonyOSorHongmenginChinese.HongmengisawordfromtheChinesemythology(神话),symbolizing(象征)theworldbeforeHarmonyOSwascreated.Soitmeansstartingfromtheverybeginning.Firstknowntothepublicin2019,HarmonyOSisanoperatingsystemfordifferentdevices(设备).IthasalreadybeenusedinHuaweiwatches,laptopsandsoonovertheyears.InDecember2020,abetaversion(测试版)ofHarmonyOSforsmartphonescameout.HalfayearlaterinJune2021,Huaweilauncheditsself﹣developedHarmonyOSforsmartphones.Chinesetechlovershavelongbeenlookingforwardtotheoperatingsystemdevelopedbyourselves.Industriesincludingtourism,education,homedevicesandsportshavealsoweledHarmonyOS.Atpresent,Huaweiencouragespeopletotestthesystem.ThepanyexpectsthenumberofdevicesusingHarmonyOStoreach300millionbytheendoftheyear.It’shopedthatHarmonyOSwillbeagreatmobileecosystem.22．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Huaweihasahistoryof45years. B．Thereare170,000workersinHuawei.C．HuaweiwasstartedinthecapitalcityofChina. D．OverthreebillionpeopleareusingHuaweiproducts.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto(指的是)?A．Theworld. B．iOS. C．AndroidOS. D．HarmonyOS.24．Paragraph3mainlytalksabout________.A．thedevelopmentofHarmonyOS B．theeffortsmadebythepanyC．thedifficultyindevelopingthesystem D．thereasonsfordevelopingthesystem25．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheHistoryofHuawei. B．HuaweiandItsHarmonyOS.C．HarmonyOSforSmartphones. D．DifferentKindsofOperatingSystems.【答案】22．D

23．D

24．A

25．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为公司自主研发的鸿蒙系统。22．细节理解题。根据“Withmorethan195,000workers,thepanyrunsinmorethan170countriesandareas,servingmorethanthreebillionpeople.”可知，华为公司拥有19.5万多名员工，业务遍及170多个国家和地区，为30多亿人提供服务。故选D。23．推理判断题。根据“HongmengisawordfromtheChinesemythology(神话),symbolizing(象征)theworldbeforeHarmonyOSwascreated.Soitmeansstartingfromtheverybeginning.”可知，鸿蒙是中国神话中的一个词，象征着鸿蒙系统创建之前的世界，所以这意味着从头开始。此处it指的是“鸿蒙系统”。故选D。24．段落大意题。分析第三段内容可知，本段介绍了鸿蒙系统的发展，故选A。25．最佳标题题。分析文章内容可知，本文主要介绍华为公司自主研发的鸿蒙系统。故选B。考向四议论文例1（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）（议论文）Oneteacherpraisesastudentbysaying“You’resosmart!”Anotherteachersays,“Youmusthaveworkedreallyhardatthis!”Whichstudentdoesbetterinschool?Studiesshowthatstudentswhohearthewordsofthesecondteacherwilldobetter.Thosestudentsarelearningthattheireffortisimportant.Psychologists（心理学家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn’tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思维模式）.Thesecondgroupwaslearningthattheycoulddobetteriftheykepttrying.Thisiscalledagrowthmindset.Peoplewhohaveagrowthmindsetbelievethatthebraincangrow;peoplecandobetterandlearnnewskills.Iftheyworkhard,theycanbesuccessful.Howcanteachersandparentshelpstudentssucceed?Theycanfocusmainlyoneffortandnotsimplyonability.Whenstudentssucceed,teachersandparentsshouldpraisetheactualworkratherthanintelligence（智力）ortalent.Whenstudentsfail,theyshouldbetoldhowtheycandobetter.Teachers,parentsandstudentsneedtovalueeffort,notintelligence.BeliefsofFixedandGrowthMindsetsFixedMindsetGrowthMindsetThingsyou’rebornwiththatcannotchangeThingsyoucangrowandimprovewithhardworkSomethingtoavoid—couldshowlackofskillSomethingimportant—leadstosuccessThingstoavoid—incaseyouaren’tgoodenoughThingsthathelpyoulearnWhatkindofpeoplehavefewerchancestosucceedaccordingtothearticle?A．Peoplewithagrowthmindset. B．Peoplewithafixedmindset.C．Peoplewhooftenlearnfromchallenges. D．Peoplewhooftenlearnfrommistakes.27．Fromtheformwecanknowpeoplewithagrowthmindsetconsiderchallengesas________.A．thingsthey’rebornwith B．thingstheyneedtoavoidC．thingsthathelpthemlearn D．thingsthatstopthemimproving28．Howdoesthewriterorganizetheideasinthearticle?A．Bytellingstories. B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bydrawingmindmaps. D．Byparingfacts.【答案】26．B

27．C

28．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了固定型思维和成长型思维的区别，告诉我们应该更注重后天努力，而不是与生俱来的智力才能。26．推理判断题。根据“Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime”及“Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn’tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思维模式）.”可知，文章介绍了拥有固定型思维模式的学生在面对一项任务时，如果受到了夸赞表扬，那么下一次他们就不会再继续努力了，故可推知拥有固定型思维的人获得成功的机会较小。故选B。27．推理判断题。根据表格最后一行Challenges中“Thingsthathelpyoulearn”可知，拥有成长型思维的人会把挑战视为可以帮助他们学习的事情。故选C。28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Psychologists（心理学家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.”可知，文章第二段介绍了两组不同的学生在接受不同表扬后的行为表现，说明了固定型思维和成长型思维的不同；故文章通过对比事实来组织文章中心思想。故选D。议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。解题方法一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断)。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。【变式1】（2022·四川绵阳·统考中考真题）Doyoupareyourselftootherpeople?Perhapsyourbestfriendreceivessomethingyoureallywant,oryou’renotallowedtogotoaconcertbutyourbrotherorsisteris.Eventhoughparisonsaremonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusing(专注)onyourownprogressisimportantforyourhappiness.“Weoftenpareourselvestootherswhoaredoingbetterornotaswellasourselves.”saysDr.Jack.“ButIsuggestparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.Thiscanmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou’veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.Focusingonyourownpurposesismoreworthwhilethanalwaystryingtoeoutontop.”paringyourselftothosearoundyouisnaturalandweoftendoitwithoutrealizingit.Itcanhelpustobeclearaboutourachievementsandtoformfriendshipswithnewpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.However,it’simportanttorememberthatnobodyisperfectinreallife.It’salsoimportanttotakenoteofhowtheparisonismakingyoufeel.“Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,focusonyourownstrengths.”saysJack.Inotherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslike“WhatcanIdowellin?”,whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself.Maybehereyou