高考总复习英语（人教版）课时作业16

课时作业(十六)一．阅读理解体裁话题难度指数建议用时正确率议论文如何成为科学家★★★7′____/4Whatmakesapersonascientist？Doeshehavewaysortoolsoflearningthataredifferentfromthoseofothers？Theansweris“no”．Itisn’tthetoolsascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolsthatmakeshimascientist.Youwillprobablyagreethatknowinghowtouseapowertoolisimportanttoacarpenter.Youwillprobablyagree，too，thatknowinghowtoinvestigate，howtodiscoverinformation，isimportanttoeveryone.Thescientist，however，goesonestepfurther；hemustbesurethathehasareasonableanswertohisquestionsandthathisanswerhegetstomanyquestionsisintoalargesetofideasabouthowtheworldworks.Thescientist’sknowledgemustbeexact.There’snoroomforhalfrightorrightjusthalfthetime.Hemustbeasnearlyrightastheconditionspermit.Whatworksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimemustworkunderthesameconditionsatothertimes.Iftheconditionsaredifferent，anychangesthescientistobservesinademonstrationmustbeexplainedbythechangesintheconditions.Thisisonereasonwhyinvestigationsareimportantinscience.AlbertEinstein，whodevelopedtheTheoryofRelativity，arrivedatthistheorythroughmathematics.Theaccuracyofhismathematicswaslatertestedthroughinvestigation.Einstein’sideaswereprovedtobecorrect.Ascientistusesmanytoolsformeasurements.Thenthemeasurementsareusedtomakemathematicalcalculationsthatmaytesthisinvestigations.1．Whatmakesascientistaccordingtothepassage?A．Thetoolsheuses. B．Hiswaysoflearning.C．Thewayheuseshistools. D．Thevarioustoolsheuses.2．“...knowinghowtoinvestigate，howtodiscoverinformation，isimportanttoeveryone.”Thewritersaysthistoshow________.A．theimportanceofinformationB．thedifferencebetweenscientistsandordinarypeopleC．theimportanceofthinkingD．thedifferencebetweencarpentersandordinarypeople3．Asoundscientifictheoryshouldbeonethat________.A．worksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimeandalsoworksunderthesameconditionsatothertimesB．leavesnoroomforimprovementC．doesn’tallowanychangeevenunderdifferentconditionsD．canbeusedformanypurposes4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Scientistsaredifferentfromordinarypeople.B．TheTheoryofRelativity.C．Exactnessisthecoreofscience.D．Exactnessandwayofusingtoolsarethekeystomakingofascientist.[语篇解读]文章主要说明了如何成为一个科学家，这主要看两点：一是如何利用工具，二是准确性。1．解析：选C细节理解题。由第一段中的“Itisn’tthetoolsascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolsthatmakeshimascientist.”可知，答案选C项。2．解析：选C推理判断题。第一段第六句强调知道怎样去调查、去获取信息，即一种思考的过程，暗示思维的重要性。3．解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段第四句可知一个正确的科学理论应该是有广泛适用性的。4．解析：选D主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲述了合理利用工具的重要性，第二段主要说明了准确的重要性。故选D。二．完形填空体裁话题难度指数建议用时正确率记叙文特别的“分享”★★★★15′____/20BobWeiserhadbeendrivingforUberformorethansixmonthswhenaconversationwithanoldfriendsparked(引发，触发；冒火花)theidea.Everyonethatrodeinhiscarhadastorytotell，a__1__lifeexperienceorsomewisdomthey’dpickedupalongtheway.Whatifhecouldcollect“asliceof__2__”fromeachofthehundredsofpeople__3__inhiscar，whoseonlyknown__4__wasthattheyorderedanUberinChicagoandhadBobWeiser__5__themupinhiscar?BobWeiser，aged66，isa__6__pilotwhostarteddrivingforUberlastyearasawaytokeep__7__.“Youneverreallyretire，andyoualwayshavetodosomething，”hesaid.He__8__ablacknotebook.Ontheinsidecover，hewrote“Itbelongstoallthatreaditwitha(n)__9__heartandmind.”Now，whenpassengersgetinhiscar，he’llpassthemthe__10__andaskifthey’dtakeamomenttowritesomethinginit.Hehas__11__morethan800entries(条目)frompassengersfromallovertheworld.Weiser__12__onewomanwhowroteMahatmaGandhi’s“Bethechangeyouwanttoseeintheworld.”Thensheflipped(浏览)backand__13__someoneelsehadusedthesamequote.Shetoldhimshewas__14__andhesaidtoher，“No，that’sokay.That’sthetypeofenergythathasbeeninthis__15__，nothingbutgoodenergy.”Afterhispassengerswrite__16__they’llflipthroughthepages，__17__alltheadviceandsentiments(情绪)sharedbythepassengerswhocamebeforethem.Heflipsthroughithimselffromtimetotime；italways__18__himselfthatpeoplehavesomuchwarmthandpositivityto__19__.Noonehaswrittenanything__20__，andonlyahandfulhaveturnedhimdown，mostlybecausetheyhavemotionsickness(晕动病)．1．A．unique B．heroicC．sad D．meaningless2．A．history B．adviceC．trick D．life3．A．performing B．ridingC．quarreling D．sleeping4．A．requirement B．connectionC．ability D．hobby5．A．lift B．coverC．tie D．pick6．A．former B．dyingC．young D．proud7．A．alive B．quietC．awake D．busy8．A．stole B．purchasedC．invented D．donated9．A．open B．brokenC．normal D．simple10．A．album B．notebookC．novel D．magazine11．A．borrowed B．readC．received D．collected12．A．loved B．admiredC．recalled D．married13．A．saw B．insistedC．blamed D．sensed14．A．disappointed B．worriedC．embarrassed D．bored15．A．vehicle B．countryC．house D．station16．A．anything B．everythingC．something D．nothing17．A．wipingoff B．puttingdownC．takingin D．pickingout18．A．amuses B．jokesC．satisfies D．astonishes19．A．store B．shareC．save D．seek20．A．valuable B．surprisingC．negative D．secret[语篇解读]本文讲述了BobWeiser退休后开优步，突发奇想让乘客在笔记本上分享建议或感言，让乘客和自己都充满了正能量的故事。1．解析：选A考查形容词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，每个坐他车的人讲述的生活经历应该是有所不同的，是“独特的”。unique独特的；heroic英勇的；sad悲伤的；meaningless无意义的。2．解析：选D考查名词辨析。根据“Everyonethatrodeinhiscarhadastorytotell，a__1__lifeexperience”可知，应选D项。asliceoflife现实生活的片断，生活的一个侧面。3．解析：选B考查同词复现。根据上文中的“rodeinhiscar”可知，应选B项。应注意此处使用了现在分词短语作后置定语。4．解析：选B考查名词辨析。坐他车的人都是陌生人，因此此处是说和他唯一的已知联系是：他们预订了Uber，让他来接他们。5．解析：选D考查动词短语辨析。pickup意为“让人乘车，搭载，(开车)接人”，符合语境。6．解析：选A考查形容词辨析。根据第7空后面的“Youneverreallyretire，andyoualwayshavetodosomething”可知，BobWeiser现在已经退休了，因此应该选A项。former意为“昔日的，以前的”，符合语境。7．解析：选D考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“Youneverreallyretire，andyoualwayshavetodosomething”可知，Weiser开优步就是为了有事情做，为了让自己忙起来。8．解析：选B考查动词辨析。Weiser买来了一个黑色的笔记本。steal偷；purchase购买；invent发明；donate捐赠。9．解析：选A考查形容词辨析。能够愿意在笔记本上分享自己的感言或经历的应该是心胸开阔、性格开朗的人。故选A。10．解析：选B考查同词复现。根据上文中的“ablacknotebook”可知，应选B项。11．解析：选D考查动词辨析。根据后面的“morethan800entries(条目)frompassengersfromallovertheworld”可知，BobWeiser现在已经收集了800多个条目了。第2空前的“collect”也是提示，故选D。12．解析：选C考查动词辨析。空后面是BobWeiser回忆的内容，因此应该选C。13．解析：选A考查动词辨析。根据“Thensheflipped(浏览)back”可知，此处是说她浏览别人写的东西时看见有人引用的跟自己的一样。14．解析：选C考查形容词辨析。根据“__13__someoneelsehadusedthesamequote”可知，那位女士发现自己引用的和别人的一样，所以感到很尴尬。embarrassed尴尬的，窘迫的。15．解析：选A考查名词辨析。选项中只有A项与文中出现过的“car”是同类词。此处是说这个车里面充满了正能量，这也是在安慰那位女士。16．解析：选C考查不定代词辨析。此处是说乘客写完一些东西之后会浏览笔记本。something“某事”，符合语境。17．解析：选C考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，乘客在浏览的时候会吸收他人所分享的内容。wipeoff清除掉；putdown写下；takein吸入，领会；pickout选出。18．解析：选D考查动词辨析。根据“peoplehavesomuchwarmthandpositivityto__19__”可知，浏览笔记本发现人们那么热情，那么充满着积极性，这让他感到惊奇。19．解析：选B考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是说人们有很多温暖和积极性要分享。20．解析：选C考查形容词辨析。本句是双重否定句，选项中与positivity意义相反的只有C项。本句表示“没有一个人写过消极的内容”。三．语法填空体裁话题难度指数建议用时正确率说明文“90后”的择业观★★★★8′____/10Membersofthepost­1990generationlookingforworkapplyformultiplepositionsandholdhighexpectationsofthejobs.Theyareparticularaboutemploymentanditwasmonforthem__1__(break)appointmentsforjobinterviews.Theonlychildischaracteristicofthemostofthefamiliessince1990.Hisorherlivingconditionhas__2__(great)improvedfromthatofthepost­1980andpost­1970generations.Theydon’texperiencemuchpressureinlifesotheypaycloserattentionto__3__(person)preferencesandinterestswhen__4__(hunt)forajob.Theydonotcareabouttheamountofmoneytheymake.__5__，theworkingenvironment，thehappinesstheygetfromtheirworkandrespectfromothersarethefirstthreethings__6__mattermost.Asthesayinggoes，second__7__(think)arethebest.Thepost­1990generationdoesnotthinktwiceaboutleavingintheirfirstyearofwork.Iftheyloseinterestinajoborarenotclearabouttheirfuturecareerpath，they__8__(quit)easily.Membersofthegenerationarealsomoreself­centered.Theywantmoretimefor__9__(they)andarenotwillingtoworkovertime.Theirattitudetolifeismorecasual.Thisgenerationisverysensitiveandhasalotofself­respect，__10__theemployersneedtobeconcernedabouttheirtemperaments(性情)andwaysofmunication.[语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了中国当下的“90后”找工作时所秉承的原则和态度，以及产生这种价值观的原因。1．解析：tobreak考查非谓语动词。itis/wasmonforsb.todosth.是固定用法，故填tobreak。2．解析：greatly考查副词。修饰动词improved应用副词形式，故填greatly，表示“极大地”。3．解析：personal考查形容词。修饰名词preferences和interests应用形容词形式，故填personal。4．解析：hunting考查省略。分析句子结构可知，本句为时间状语从句。在时间和条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中含有be时，从句常省略主语和be。此处完整形式为“...whentheyarehuntingforajob.”。5．解析：Instead考查副词。空格前讲“他们不在意能赚多少钱”，空格后讲“工作环境、从工作中获得的幸福感和来自别人的尊重最重要”。前后有语义上的转折关系，且更偏重于“反而，取而代之”，故填Instead。6．解析：that考查关系代词。本句为定语从句，先行词为thefirstthreethings，在从句中作主语，只能用that引导。7．解析：thoughts考查名词。空格后谓语动词是are，由此可知主语应为名词复数形式，故填thoughts。本句意为：常言道，三思而后行。8．解析：willquit考查动词的时态。本句意为：如果他们对工作失去兴趣或不清楚未来职业发展道路，他们将轻易放弃。此处填willquit表示将来的情况。9．解析：themselves考查代词。根据句意来看，此处指他们想留给自己更多的时间，由此可知，此处应用反身代词，故填themselves。10．解析：so考查连词。空格前讲“这一代人非常敏感，自尊心强”，空格后讲“雇主们需要考虑这一代人的性情……”，前后两句存在因果关系，故填so。四．短文改错Takingpartsinrecreationactivitieshelpuskeepfit.Therearevariouskindsofactivityinourdailylife，forexample，listeningtomusic，watchingTV，playingchess，orgoingtocinema.ButIthinkwe’dbettertohavemoreoutdooractiv