北京市房山区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 含解析

房山区2023-2024学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高二英语本试卷共10页，共100分。时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirownefforts.Manyyearsago,Itookthehead___1___jobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool’soldteamto___2___againstthenewteamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenprepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingto___3___,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.Thinkinghardaboutthisbadsituation,Icametorealizethatmyteammemberswere___4___me.Ihadtochangemyattitudeabouttheirabilityandpotential.Istartedhelpingthembuildalittle___5___.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayand___6___passingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond,andcontinuedto___7___.Finally,myboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeasuddenfeelingofgreat___8___!FromtheexperienceIlearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand___9___them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves____10____,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.1.A.operating B.editing C.consulting D.coaching2A.play B.guard C.protect D.inform3.A.fight B.attend C.win D.act4.A.reactingto B.lookingfor C.dependingon D.caringabout5.A.pride B.culture C.fortune D.relationship6.A.risked B.missed C.considered D.practised7.A.relax B.improve C.expand D.defend8.A.sadness B.excitement C.curiosity D.fear9.A.encouraged B.observed C.tested D.impressed10.A.honestly B.individually C.calmly D.differently【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C5.A6.D7.B8.B9.A10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在一所足球项目很弱的学校担任教练，一开始遭遇了失败，后来通过改变对队员的态度，不断鼓励队员，最终取得了成功。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多年前，我在乔治亚州巴克斯利的一所学校担任主教练。A.operating操作；B.editing编辑；C.consulting咨询；D.coaching教练。根据下文“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,”可知，作者在学校担任的是教练。故选D。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校的老队在春季训练结束时与新队比赛是一项传统。A.play玩；比赛；B.guard守卫；C.protect保护；D.inform通知。根据“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingto___3___,”可知，此处表示学校新老球队举行传统的比赛对抗。故选A。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为新球队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是，我们被击败了。A.fight打架；B.attend参加；C.win赢；D.act行动。根据“buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.”可知，作者以为所带的新球队会赢。故选C。【4题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：仔细思考这种糟糕的情况，我开始意识到我的团队成员都依赖我。A.reactingto对……作出反应；B.lookingfor寻找；C.dependingon依靠；D.caringabout关心。根据“Ihadtochangemyattitudeabouttheirabilityandpotential.”可知，作者发现队员们对他很依赖。故选C。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始帮助他们建立自豪感。A.pride自豪；B.culture文化；C.fortune财富；D.relationship关系。根据“Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.”可知，作者要帮助队员们建立自豪感。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那年夏天，当其他球队都在度假时，我们每天都见面，练习传球和踢球。A.risked冒险；B.missed错过；C.considered考虑；D.practised练习。根据“passingandkickingthefootball.”可知，作者带领球员利用假期练习传球和踢球。故选D。7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在春季训练场上遭受失败的六个月后，我们赢得了第一场比赛和第二场比赛，并继续提高。A.relax放松；B.improve提高；C.expand扩张；D.defend防御。根据“Finally,myboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeasuddenfeelingofgreat___8___!”可知，作者所带领的球队在不断地提高。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我的孩子们打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，这让我突然感到非常兴奋！A.sadness悲伤；B.excitement兴奋；C.curiosity好奇心；D.fear害怕。根据“Finally,myboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,”可知，打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，作者很兴奋。故选B。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有把我的孩子们看作失败者，而是督促和鼓励他们。A.encouraged鼓励；B.observed观察；C.tested测试；D.impressed使印象深刻。根据“Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,”可知，作者没有把队员们视为失败者，而是鼓励他们。故选A。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己，他们把自己打造成了赢家。A.honestly诚实地；B.individually个别地；C.calmly冷静地；D.differently不同地。根据“Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand___9___them.”可知，作者鼓励队员们，帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。FlorentijnHofmanisaDutchartist,whoselargesculpturesareondisplayallovertheworld.Onewayforhimtofindinspirationisturningtohischildren’s___11___(toy).Theseobjectshavegivenhimideasforhisanimalsculptures,suchasthefamousRubberDuckcreatedbyhim___12___2007.AmorerecentworkofhisisthehugeFloatingFish,___13___wassetamongthebeautifullandscapeofWuzhenWestScenicZone.【答案】11.toys12.in13.which【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰艺术家FlorentijnHofman从孩子的玩具中获得灵感，并创作了许多大型雕塑，其中包括著名的橡皮鸭和巨大的漂浮鱼。【11题详解】考查名词复数。句意：他从孩子们的玩具中寻找灵感。空格处前有形容词性物主代词his，空格处应用名词形式；且根据空格前的are可知，应用复数形式。故填toys。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：这些物品给了他创作动物雕塑的灵感，比如他在2007年创作的著名的橡皮鸭。表示“在某一年”应用介词in。故填in。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：他最近的一幅作品是巨幅的《浮鱼》，这幅画是在乌镇西风景区的美景中创作的。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是thehugefloatingFish，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。B阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DuringDarwin’stime,peoplebelievedthatallspecies___14___(appear)onEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.___15___Darwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedto___16___(they)changingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea.Butitwasenough___17___(inspire)Darwintolookformoreevidence.【答案】14.hadappeared15.But##Yet16.their17.toinspire【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了达尔文时代，人们认为物种同时出现且不变，达尔文观点不同，他认为动物为适应环境而进化，这激励他寻找更多证据。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：在达尔文那个时代，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，而且从那以后就没有变化过。分析句子可知，动词appear发生在过去动作believed之前，表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。故填hadappeared。【15题详解】考查连词。句意：但是达尔文开始有不同的想法。根据前文DuringDarwin’stime,peoplebelievedthatallspecies___1___onEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.”和后文“Darwinbegantothinkdifferently.”可知，此处表示转折关系。故填But/Yet。【16题详解】考查代词。句意：也许动物在适应不断变化的环境时进化了？分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词environments。故填their。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但这足以激励达尔文寻找更多的证据。“enoughtodosth”为固定搭配，意为“足够做某事”。故填toinspire。C阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。___18___(sit)backinmyseat,Ican’tquitebelievethatI’mabouttotravelalongtherailwaythatmanyforeignexpertsclaimedwas“impossible”.Thetrain___19___(race)alongsteadilysinceitleftXining.Allthistime,thesong“SkyRailway”hasbeenplayinginsidemyhead.Thewords“railwayslikemassivedragonsarewindingamongthemountains”seem___20___(particular)vividasItravelacrossthe“roofoftheworld”.【答案】18.Sitting19.hasbeenracing##hasraced20.particularly【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者坐在火车上，穿越“世界屋脊”，心情很激动。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在座位上，我简直不敢相信我即将沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能”的铁路旅行。分析句子可知，这里为非谓语动词在句中作状语，动词sit和主语I之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填Sitting。【19题详解】考查时态。句意：自从离开西宁以来，火车一直稳定地飞驰着。根据“sinceitleftXining”可知，此处应用现在完成时；也可以用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，并且可能还要继续下去。主语Thetrain是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填hasbeenracing/hasraced。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：当我穿越“世界屋脊”时，“铁路像巨龙一样在山间蜿蜒”这句话显得格外生动。修饰形容词vivid，应用副词形式。故填particularly。第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADuetoitsstatusasthelongest-runningcapitalinancientChina,Xi’anhashadadeepimpactonthelifeandcultureofthecountry.IfyouareplanningatourofXi’an,you’llwanttohitallthefollowinghighlights.TerracottaArmyDiscoverednearLintong,Xi’an,thearmyofTerracottaWarriorswasconstructedbyChina’sFirstEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty.Itisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizeterracottasoldiers,horsesandchariotsinbattleformation,showingtheemperor’sarmiesinfullsplendor.Xi’anCityWallXi’anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhuYuanzhang,thefirstEmperoroftheMingDynastyasamilitarydefensesystem.Nowitisoneoftheoldestandbest-preservedChinesecitywalls.Thewallisnowalandmark,dividingthecityintoinnerandouterareas.Whenyoutakeawalkorcycleonthemassivewall,youcanenjoyagoodviewofthecity,themoatandthewatchtowers.GiantWildGoosePagodaTheGiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltintheTangDynastyforthestudyofBuddhistscriptures.OneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoresutrasandfigurinesbroughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang,whostayedherefor19yearstranslatingBuddhistscriptures.ShaanxiHistoryMuseumTheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzewarestopotteryfigures,goldandsilverwaresandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs.Amongitspreciouscollections,18pieceshavebeenlistedasnationaltreasures.21.WhatwillyouseewhenyouvisitTerracottaArmy?A.Terracottasoldiersandhorses. B.BookstranslatedbyXuanZang.C.AgoodviewofXi’an. D.Terracottapotsforplants.22.Whichattractionwillyouchooseifyouareinterestedinnationaltreasures?A.GiantWildGoosePagoda. B.ShaanxiHistoryMuseum.C.TerracottaArmy. D.Xi’anCityWall.23.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Atravelguidebook. B.Asciencemagazine. C.Aresearchpaper. D.Anewsreport.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了西安的四个主要景点：秦始皇兵马俑、西安城墙、大雁塔和陕西历史博物馆。这些景点都是中国历史和文化的重要组成部分，展示了西安作为中国古代首都的悠久历史和丰富文化。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“DiscoverednearLintong,Xi’an,thearmyofTerracottaWarriorswasconstructedbyChina’sFirstEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty.Itisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizeterracottasoldiers,horsesandchariotsinbattleformation,showingtheemperor’sarmiesinfullsplendor.(兵马俑是在西安临潼附近发现的，由中国的秦始皇建造。它汇集了数千个真人大小的陶俑士兵、战马和战车，展示了皇帝军队的辉煌。)”可知，在参观秦始皇兵马俑时，我们会看到兵马俑。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzewarestopotteryfigures,goldandsilverwaresandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs.Amongitspreciouscollections,18pieceshavebeenlistedasnationaltreasures.(陕西历史博物馆收藏了陕西多年来出土的37万多件珍贵文物。其藏品包括青铜器、陶俑、金银器以及唐代墓葬壁画。在这些珍贵藏品中，有18件被列为国家级文物。)”可知，如果对国家文物感兴趣，可以去参观陕西历史博物馆。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Duetoitsstatusasthelongest-runningcapitalinancientChina,Xi’anhashadadeepimpactonthelifeandcultureofthecountry.IfyouareplanningatourofXi’an,you’llwanttohitallthefollowinghighlights.(西安作为中国古代历史最悠久的都城，对中国的生活和文化产生了深远的影响。如果你正在计划西安之旅，你会想达到以下所有的亮点。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了西安的景点，这是旅行指南常涉及的内容。故选A。BAboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard(蜥蜴)wasgrowingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.Ididn’tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmyfavoriteteapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthemess,Iwonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.Thedamagestartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband’sbirthday.Hehadjustlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearonus,soIwantedtodosomethingspecial.“Let’smakeacakeforDad!”Icried.Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostoftheday.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Flowersonthetable!Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.Threedaysago,thelightinourlivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveralfrustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbandsuggestedwatchingtheMichaelJordandocumentary(纪录片)seriesTheLastDance.Thepoignancy(酸楚)ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindwhatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.Humansdonotshedskinaseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizardfromParagraph1?A.Itwentmissing. B.Itstankgrewdirty. C.Itgotaskindisease. D.Itsoldskincameoff.25.Whydidtheauthor’shusbandhavebananapuddingforhisbirthday?A.Thebirthdaycakefeelfromtheshelf. B.Thebirthdaycakewasdamaged.C.Theauthormadegoodpuddings. D.Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.26.Theunderlinedpart“leavingbehindwhatnolongerservedhim”inParagraph8mostprobablymeans________.A.fallingbehindthetopplayers B.lookingbackonthepastC.givingupabadhabit D.puttingthepastbehind27.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?A.Loveoffamilyhelpsussurvivegreathardships.B.It’snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.C.Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.D.Pastexperiencesshouldbetreasured.【答案】24.D25.B26.D27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者通过身边的一些事，以及观看乔丹纪录片《最后一舞》，终于意识到我们应该学会放下过去，从希望开始继续前行。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard(蜥蜴)wasgrowingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.(大约五周前，我注意到我们宠物蜥蜴的皮肤上积满了灰尘。这让我很担心。第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上的奇怪表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从它的水箱里出来，它的旧皮肤在后面流动。)”可知，作者观察到宠物蜥蜴皮肤不对劲，后来才发现它蜕皮了。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.(在我丈夫参加完另一个工作面试回家的前两个小时，我女儿爬到高高的架子上拿了一个玻璃花瓶。它掉了下来，摔在蛋糕旁边。玻璃碎片到处都是。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣起来。我丈夫过生日时吃了香蕉布丁。)”可知，作者的丈夫在生日的时候吃香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕被毁了。故选B。26题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.(他们两人都没有选择改变他们的那个时刻。但在一切都变了之后，他们不得不接受原来的自己。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后。)”可知，划线词组指的是将过去抛在脑后。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第八段“Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.(我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后。)”、倒数第二段“Humansdonotshedskinaseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.(人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。改变的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。)”以及最后一段“Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.(乔丹说，无论结局如何，都要从希望开始。我们的皮肤柔嫩而充满希望，这就是我们开始的地方。)”可知，文章作者意识我们必须学会放下过去，继续前进，也就是是无论发生什么事情，我们都应该带着希望继续前进。故选C。CAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.28.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.A.giveanexample B.introduceatopic C.reachaconclusion D.makeacomparison29.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries. B.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.C.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists. D.Tocollectdatafromthepark.30.WhatshouldwedobeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Createanewlanguage. B.Developcommunicationskills.C.ConservetheEarth. D.Educatepeople.【答案】28.B29.A30.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明，城市地区的野生环境对人类的福祉极其重要。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。)”以及第二段内容“Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.(过去的研究发现，自然对人类的健康有益，但一项新的研究表明，城市地区的野生环境对人类的福祉极其重要。)”可知，作者写第一段的目的是为了引出本文主题，即城市地区的野生环境对人类的福祉极其重要。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”(然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分成不同的类别。例如，一个参与者的“我们坐在沙滩上听了一会儿海浪”的经历被分配到“坐在沙滩上”和“听海浪”的类别。)”以及文章第四段“Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.(在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对访问者最重要。)”可知，研究人员将这些提交的内容进行编码，将经历分为不同的类别。因此，研究人员将参与者提交的内容编码为类别是为了在游客的总结中找到模式。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.(“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者PeterKahn说。)”可知，我们在与自然互动之前应该保护环境。故选C。DArtiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?Artcanconnectculturewithcommercial(商业的)productsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife—theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialrelationshipsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation’sexperience.Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swell-being.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.31.Asforartproducts,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Mostpeoplebuythemforcollection.B.Theirpricesmayclimbupastimepasses.C.Theydifferfrommanyothercommercialproducts.D.Theyhaveculturalvaluesratherthancommercialvalues.32.Kidswhoengagewiththeartstendto________.A.bemoreresponsibleadultswhentheygrowupB.bemoreconfidentinexhibitingtheirlearningskillsC.havemoreopportunitiestodocreativejobsinthefutureD.havebetterlearningperformanceandemotionaldevelopment33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Artproductsaremoreexpensive.B.Theartscanmakepeoplefeellonelier.C.Artisticactivitiescanimprovepeople’shealth.D.Theartscanhelppeoplebecomemorebeautiful.34.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?AArtIsBeneficialforPatients B.ArtWastesTimeandEffortC.ArtCanPreventHeartDisease D.ArtIsImportanttoHumankind【答案】31.C32.D33.C34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从艺术与文化、商业的交融、社区凝聚力、身心健康以及教育成就等方面，全面阐述了艺术的重要性和积极影响。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Artcanconnectculturewithcommercial(商业的)productsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.(艺术可以把文化和商业产品联系起来，这是其他很多东西做不到的。艺术能赚钱，并在社区中拥有重要的情感和文化价值。)”以及“Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife—theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.(人们不再只是想要物质上的东西，他们想要体验生活——艺术是文化和商业之间的完美交迭。)”可知，作者认为艺术作品和其他商业产品不一样，艺术作品将文化和产品联系在一起，使文化和商业之间的完美交迭。故选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.(参与艺术的孩子在他们的教育中取得更大的成就:那些参与戏剧的孩子有更大的文学能力，而其他参加音乐实践的孩子在数学和语言方面表现出更大的技能。)”以及“Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.(参与艺术活动对儿童发展至关重要;鼓励孩子以建设性的方式表达自己可以帮助他们在以后的生活中形成健康的情绪反应。)”可知，参与艺术的孩子未来会在学业上有更好的表现，并且拥有健康的情绪反应。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swell-being.(艺术显然对身心健康有相当积极的影响。研究发现，经常去文化场所或参加艺术活动的人比不这样做的人更有可能获得良好的健康；更多地参与艺术与人们的更高水平的福祉有关。)”可知，艺术对人们的身心健康有着积极的影响，也就是说艺术可以改善人们的健康。故选C。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Artiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?(艺术无处不在。任何公共空间都是由艺术头脑精心设计的，既实用又美观。那么，为什么艺术仍然被广泛认为是学校里的“轻松科目”，对更广泛的社会来说无足轻重，是浪费时间和精力呢？)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要从艺术与文化、商业的交融、社区凝聚力、身心健康以及教育成就等方面，全面阐述了艺术的重要性和积极影响。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Here’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon?Thereisoneanswer.___35___IntheDigitalAge,we’reusedtohavingwhatweneedimmediatelyandrightatourfingertips.However,researchsuggeststhatifwepractisedpatience,we’dbeawholelotbetteroff.Hereareseveraltrickswecanlearntoimprovepatience.___36___.Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmorepositive.___37___“Showingthankfulnesscandevelopself-control,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.Asimplegratitudeexercisecanhelpuspractisepatience.We’lltakeit!Youshouldmakeyourselfwait.Immediategratification(满足)mayseemlikethemost“feelgood”optionatthetime,butpsychologyresearchsuggestswaitingforthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractise.Startwithsmalltasks.___38___Wait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.You’llsoonfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractise,themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother,moreannoyingsituations.Itisimportanttoaccepttheuncomfortable.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate(容忍),andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.___39___Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable.”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.A.You’dbetterfindthecauses.B.You’dbetterpractisegratitude.C.Allthisaddsuptoastateofrelaxation.D.Itcanalsohelpuspractisemorepatience.E.Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekend.F.They’reallsituationswherewecouldusea