专题05数词-2023年中考总复习真题探究与变式训练（原卷版）

专题05数词命题方向重要指数考向一数词的应用（常考点）考向一数词的应用例1（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）（基数词的应用）—Peopleinourtownplanted________treesonTreePlantingDay.—Goodjob!Everyonecandosomethingtomakeourtowngreener.A．hundred B．hundredof C．hundreds D．hundredsof例2（2020·江苏镇江·中考真题）（序数词的应用）PengMinfinallybecamethewinnerof___________seasonofCCTV'sChinesePoetryConference.A．five B．fifth C．thefifth D．fifths例3（2017·江苏宿迁·中考真题）（分数的表达）一Mom,ofmyclassmatesglasses.一Oh,myGod.Youneedtoprotectyoureyeswell.A．threefourths;wears B．threefourth;wearC．threefourth;wears D．threefourths;wear数词的应用.1.表编号.结构:名词(首字母要大写)+基数词=the+序数词+名词LessonOne=thefirstlesson，Page32，BusNo.12 注：有些编号，一般仅用第一种表达法。Room1012.序数词前一般加定冠词the但序数词前与不定冠词a/an连用时,表示“又一,再一”You’vedoneitthreetimes.Whynottryafourthtime?3.基数词的复数形式表示年代和年龄1)表示年代:in+the+年份的复数在几世纪几十年代.如：inthe1870s2)表年龄:inone’s+整十的复数表示在某人几十岁时。有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early或late使其含义更确切些。如：Theyoungmanisatmostinhisearlythirties.4.hundred/thousand/million/billion/dozen1).若hundred/thousand/million/billion前有基数词时,其后不加s,也不加of.若没有时,既加s也要带of.EveryyearthousandsofvisitorsetoChina.Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool.5.几个半的表达法:基数词+and+ahalf+名词复数=基数词+名词(单数/复数)+and+ahalftwoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf6.时刻表达法:1)整点:基数词+o’clock2)几点几分:A).直接读法:先读小时,后读分钟3:25threetwentyfiveB).间接读法:a)≤30分钟.分钟+past+小时3：25twentyfivepastthreeb)＞30分钟.(60分钟)+to+(小时数+1)3:55fivetofourc)30分钟=half15分钟=aquarter45分钟=threequarters3:30halfpastthree3:15aquarterpastthree3:45aquartertofour7.表示倍数1.表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”，由“倍数+thesize（length,amount...）”结构组成。如：Theearthisforthninetimesthesizeofthemoon.2.表示“……比……大几倍”，由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+than+被比较部分”结构组成。如：Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.3.表示“……是……倍”，由“倍数+as+形容词+as+被比较部分”结构组成。如：Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.8.分数的表达法:1).结构:a).分子用基数词,分母用序数词.b).当分子大于1时,分母加复数.2).注意:1).分数词的几种特殊形式.1/3—onethird=athird1/4—onefourth=aquarter1/2—onesecond=ahalf3/4—threefourths=threequarters注：分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时，谓语动词用复数形式；当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。基数词基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。1one 11eleven 100ahundred2two 12twelve 20twenty 1000athousand3three 13thirteen 30thirty 1，000，000amillion4four 14fourteen 40forty 10，000，000tenmillion5five 15fifteen 50fifty 100，000，000ahundredmillion6six 16sixteen 60sixty 1，000，000，000abillion7seven 17seventeen 70seventy8eight 18eighteen 80eighty9nine 19nineteen 90ninety10ten说明：1．13—19是由个位数加后缀teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。2．20—90由个位数加后缀ty构成，注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty,thirty,forty和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。3．其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“”，再加个位数构成。如：81eightyone。4．101—999的基数词先写百位数，后加and再写十位数和个位数。如：691sixhundredandninetyone。5．1000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。如：5893fivethousandeighthundredandninetythree。在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand（千）和million（百万）来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10thousand;1亿=100million;10亿=athousandmillion=abillion。序数词表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀th构成。第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上first eleventh twentiethsecond twelfth thirtieththird thirteenth fortiethfourth fourteenth fiftiethfifth fifteenth sixtiethsixth sixteenth seventiethseventh seventeenth eightietheighth eighteenth ninetiethninth nineteenth hundredthtenth thousandth说明：1．英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。2．表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀eth。3．其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如：fiftyfirst（第五十一）。4．少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。注意：序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。例如：第一：(the)first=1st 第二：(the)second=2nd第三：(the)third=3rd 第五：(the)fifth=5th第九十七：(the)ninetyseventh=97th第一百零一：(the)onehundred(and)first=101st【变式1】（2022·江苏·东台市实验中学三模）—CouldyoutellmewhenMaxbegantodobusiness?—Sure.Hebegantodobusinesswhenhewas_________andhasearned2.56_________sofar.A．inhisthirties;billion B．inhisthirtieth;billionsofC．inhisthirties;billionsof D．inhisthirtieth;billion【变式2】（（2022·江苏·盐城市初级中学三模）Thetemperaturesareusuallyinthe________insummerinYancheng.A．thirty B．thirties C．thirtieth D．thirtieths【变式3】（（2022·江苏连云港·模拟预测）Tenyearslater,China’sQieyangShijiefinallygottheOlympicgoldmedal(奖牌).Shecame________inthewomen’s20kmracewalkattheLondon2012Olympics.A．thethirds B．third C．three D．thethree【变式4】（（2022·江苏·射阳县第三中学一模）—Let’sgotothebookstoreathalfpastninetomorrowmorning.—It’stoolate.Let’smakeit_______.A．aquartertonine B．twentytoten C．aquartertoten D．ninethirty【变式5】（（2022·江苏常州·二模）Ihear_________ofthestudentsinmyclass________usedtohavinglessonsonline.A．twothird;is B．twothird;are C．twothirds;is D．twothirds;are【变式6】（（2022·江苏·景山中学三模）Asthesayinggoes,“It’snevertoolatetolearn,”Mygrandpatookupwriting________age70andfinishedhisnovel________hiseighties.A．at,for B．by,at C．at,in D．by,for【变式7】（（2022·江苏江苏·二模）Chinesenucleicacidtesting(核酸检测)systemcanprocess________samplesaday.A．52millionsof B．52million C．52millionof D．52millions【变式8】（（2022·江苏·连云港市新海实验中学一模）—GuAiling,an________athlete,wontwogoldmedalsinthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicGames.—Sheismyhero!A．18yearsold B．18yearsold C．18yearold D．18yearold【变式9】（（2022·江苏宿迁·一模）WeprovidethelatestupdateontheCOVID19pandemicintheUS.Thenumber“87,258,879”ispronouncedas________.A．eightseventwofiveeighteightsevennineB．eightysevenandtwohundredandfiftyeightandeighthundredandseventynineC．eightysevenmilliontwohundredandfiftyeightthousandeighthundredandseventynineD．eightysevenmilliontwohundredandfiftyeightthousandandeighthundredandseventynine【变式10】（（2022·江苏·常州市北郊初级中学一模）Thereare________teachersinourschool,_________ofthemarewomenteachers.A．twohundreds;fourfifth B．twohundred;fourfifthC．twohundred;fourfifths D．twohundreds;fourthfifths【变式11】（（2022·江苏南京·模拟预测）—HaveyouseentheCCTVnewsonTV?—Yes,________childrenhadagoodfestivalonthe________Children’sDay.A．billionsof;sixtyone B．tenbillions,sixtiethone C．billionsof;sixtyfirst D．tenbillion,sixtiethfirst【变式12】（（2021·江苏泰州·一模）—CouldyoutellmewhenMaxbegantodobusiness?—Sure.Hebegantodobusinesswhenhewas________andhasearned2.56________yuansofar.A．inhisthirties;billion B．inthethirties;billionsofC．overthirty;billionsof D．attheageofthirty;billion【变式13】（（2021·江苏江苏·一模）Tomysurprise,afterraisingthefirstchildwithsomanydifficulties,Dustinisexpectinghis______secondinMarch.A．不填 B．a C．the D．an【变式14】（（2021·江苏·景山中学一模）Tooursurprise,________ofourteacherswereinterestedinsportsintheir________.A．Threequarters;twenties B．Twothird;twentiesC．Twothirds;twentieth D．Threequarter;twentieths【变式15】（（2021·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Ifyourparentswanttohavea________child,willyouagree?—Ofcourse.Andthey'dbettermakeitin________years'time.A．second;second B．two;two C．second;two D．two;second【变式16】（（2022·辽宁辽阳·一模）Itwasmygrandma’s________birthdayyesterday.Wehadabigfamilydinner.A．eighty B．theeightieth C．eighties D．eightieth【变式17】（（2022·甘肃·一模）—What’sthemostimportantthinginthe________century?—Health,ofcourse!A．twentyone B．twentiethfirst C．twentiethone D．twentyfirst【变式18】（（2022·福建泉州·一模）—ProfessorLi,I’mafraidwecan’tfinishtheprogramontime.—OK.I’llgiveyou_________days.A．morefive B．anotherfive C．fiveanother二、用所给单词的正确形式填空【变式19】（（2022·上海杨浦·二模）Theyoungathletewon________placeintheWomen’sSkiSlopestyle.(four)【变式20】（（2022·江苏·泰州中学附属初中三模）Itseemsthatitwillbeinthe_____(30)tomorrow.Whynotgoswimminginthenewbuiltswimmingpool?【变式21】（（2022·江苏·扬州中学教育集团树人学校三模）Thechildrenarehappybecauseseven________(nine)oftheexercisesareeasytoworkout.【变式22】（（2022·甘肃平凉·二模）Bytheendoft