01定语从句-2023年中考英语核心语法

定语从句精讲精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。Imetagirl.Thegirllookslikemyaunt.合为一句：Imetagirlwholookslikemyaunt.定语从句本质上是从两句话合成的，在合成的过程中，重复的词只写一遍为先行词，再加连接词，这就意味着定语从句一定不完整，缺少的成分在意思上应为先行词。二、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。先行词在从句中充当主、宾语当先行词是人，则关系词用who/that/whom先行词在从句中充当主、宾语当先行词是物，则关系词用which/that先行词在从句中充当状语当先行词是地点，则关系词用where先行词在从句中充当状语当先行词是时间，则关系词用when当先行词是原因（只限于thereason）,则关系词用why先行词在从句中充当定语当先行词与从句主语是所属关系时，则关系词用whose先行词在从句中充当定语三.关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）（可让学生做画出每个句中定语从句的练习）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.

这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that不能用which的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.

他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词指物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Whichisthedeskthathebought？

他买的桌子是哪一个。f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which，例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.

桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a.

先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，which，而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.

这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指事物时，用which，而不用that，例如：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.

汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。(6)关系词只能用that不能用whoa.以who引导的特殊疑问句，避免重复Whoisthegirlthatiscring?b.先行词有人有物ImisstheschoolandclassmatesIvisitedlastyear.(7)只能用who不能用thata.当先行词是one，anyone等表示人的不定代词或指示代词those,thatAnyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.b.在非限制性定语从句中Imetafriend,whoesfromtheUSA.c.在therebe结构中，修饰主语的丁聪用whoThereisapersonwhowantstoseeyou.四.定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别：有逗号隔开非限制性定语从句可修饰单个的词，可修饰整个句子；限制性定语从句只能修饰单个的词。非限制性定语从句与主句关系不紧密，可删掉，对主语主要起补充说明作用；限制性定语从句与主句联系紧密，一般不能删掉，对主句起修饰限定作用。五.关系副词的用法1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。注：看下面三个句子总结规律Thisistheplacethat/whichheworksin.ThisistheplaceinwhichheworksThisistheplacewhereheworks.Where=inwhich,在定语从句中when,where,why连接词可与介词+which相互转换3.why指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。六.that在宾从和定从中区别(1)that在宾从中不充当句子成分；在定从中充当主语或宾语IknowthatIstillneedmorepicture.宾从Thegirlthatwenetonthestreetwasmyfriend.定从(2)that引导宾从往往置于v/prep之后；引导定从往往置于n/pron.之后。课堂专练1.Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat________youneed.A.what B.who

C.whom

D.which2.Thisisthedictionary________Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.which

B.what

C.whose

D.whom3.Doyouknowtheman________issittingbehindNancy?A.what

B.which

C.who

D.whom4.Thebook________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A./

B.why

C.when

D.what5.Ihavefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces________youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays.A.where

B.which

C.what

D.that6.I’dliketotellyouaboutthetablemanners________youshouldknowwhenyouvisitKorea.A.which

B.who

C.what

D.how7.Isoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn?A.that

B./

C.which

D.it8.Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?

Ilikemusic________hasgreatlyrics.A.that

B.what

C.who

D.whose9.Thatistheonlything________Iboughtfromthesupermarket.A.which

B.that

C.what

D.where10.Theplace________interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.A.which

B.where

C.what

D.inwhich11.Thatisthepoorboy________fatherdiedinatrafficaccidentlastyear.A.who

B.whom

C.whose

D.which12.Doyouknowthegirl________isstandingunderthetree?A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.where13.Isthewoman________talkedtoourteacheryesterdayyourmother?A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.what14.Theyounglady________wemetyesterdayisournewmathsteacher.A.what

B.whose

C.whom

D.which15.Iliketoliveinahouse________isbigandbright.A.that

B.who

C.how

D.why16.Ihatepeople________talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whom

B.which

C.who

D.when17.Iamoneoftheboys________neverlateforschool.A.thatis

B.whoare

C.whoam

D.whois18.MrGreen,thereissomeoneatthefrontdesk________wouldliketospeakwithyou.A.he

B.who

C.which

D.whom19.Ilovethesmallvillage________Iwasborn.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.whose20.Hereesthegirl________handwritingisthebestinourclass.A.which

B.whose

C.that

D.who21.Myparentsusuallybuymesomesimpleclothes________canlastalongtime.A.who

B.that

C.whom

D.whose22.Isthegirl________isinterviewingthemanagerofthatpanyyourfriend?Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whom

B.which

C.who

D.whose23.Doyouknoweverybody________cametotheparty?No,Idon’tknowtheone________youhadalongtalkwithnearthedoor.A.who;/

B.whose;that

C.that;which

D./;whom24.Theboy________wonthefirstprizeiscalledRoy.A.when

B.whom

C.who

D.which25.Childrenlikehouses________arepaintedindifferentcolours.A.which

B.they

C.those

D.what真题专练1.Afriendissomeone______says,“What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”A.who B.Which C.What D.whose2.一Linda,canyoutellmesomethingaboutMoYan?—Sure.Heisthewriter______wontheNobel(诺贝尔)LiteraturePrize.A.which

B.whose C.who D.whom3.AWechat(微信)isaninvention______canhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingfreely.A.which B.who

C.whose

D/4.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers_______IvisitedinLondonyearsago.A.what

B.who

C.that

D.which

5.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.A.when

B.which

C.where

D.that

6.Ilikethecartoon__hasahappyendingandmakesme

.A.which;tolaugh

B.that;tolaugh

C.whose;laughing

D.which;laugh

7.—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?

—Ilikemusic______Icandanceto.

A.because

B.when

C.who

D.that

8.—Look!Thatisthewoman

Imetyesterday.—Oh?She’smyaunt.A.what

B.who

C.where

D.when9.Moststudentsliketheteachers

understandthemwell.A.which

B.who

C.where

D.when10.Mostofmyclassmatespreferloudmusic_______theycandanceto.

A.that

B.who

C.whose

D.where11.Beingblindissomething_________mostpeoplecan’timagine.A.who

B.what

C.that

D.whom12.Peoplearetalkingabouttheoldhouses____JackieChanboughtinAnhuitwentyyearsago.A.which

B.where

C.who

D.when13.—DoyouknowMoYan?—Ofcourse.Heisthefamouswriter_________wontheNobelPrizein2012.A.who

B.whom

C.Which14.Agraduationceremonyisacustomtakesplace

studentsgraduatefromaschool.A.which;when

B.that;who

C.which;whose

D.that;which15.—Doyouknowtheman______isstandingatthedoor?—Yes,Ido.He'safriendof_____.A.when;I

B.who;mineC.that;me

D.which;my16.Sheisthegirl

inventiongotthefirstprizeintheschoolpetition.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whose17.I’llremembertheoldbuildings

Ivisitedinthevillage.A.where

B.which

C.who18.Theyounglady______isinterviewingLinZhixuanabouttheprogramIamasingerisfrom21stCenturyTalentNet.A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.whose19.Themovie______wesawlastnightwasfantastic.A.that

B.what

C.whose

D.Who20.—DoyouknowGuoMingyi?—Yes.Heisanordinary(普通的)worker______helpsmanypoorchildreninChina.Weshouldfollowhisexample.A.that

B.which

C.whom21.Ilovetheschool

IhavestudiedinforthreeyearsA.where

B.when

C.that22.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace_____I’veevervisited.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.what23.Teenagerslikereadingthebooks_____arewrittenbyGuoJingjing.A.who

B.what

C.whose

D.that24.It’sbadforhealthtohurrytomoveintoahouse______hasnewfurnitureinit.

A.who

B.where

C.that

25.Theman_________

istalkingtoourteacherisBetty’sfather.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.what26.Thehouse________LuXunusedtoliveisnowamuseum.

A.which

B.that

C.inwhich

D.there

27.Ican'tfindthebook__________mymotherboughtme.A.who

B.when

C.which28.TheGayGeniusisthebook

Iliketoreadeveryday.A.that

B.who

C.what29.—Whatareyoulookingfor?

—I’mlookingforthewatch____Iboughtyesterday.

A.which

B.who

C.whose30.—WhyisTomsosad?—Hehaslosthisnewbike_______costhim1800yuan.A.who

B.which

C.whose31.LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut_______hasevertraveledinspace.

A.whom

B.which

C.who

D.whose

32.Mostofmyfriendslikeloudmusic

theycandanceto.A.that

B.what

C.when33.Thisistheschool_______wevisitedlastyear.A.that

B.where

C.who

D.whose34.

Lilydoesn’tknow______sheandherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy________parentshavelefttheirhometownformakingmoney.A.that;whose

B.how;who

C.what;who

D.what;whose35.Ireallylikethephotoofmyfamily_____mysistertookinthecityparklastyear.A.which

B.who

C.what

D.whom36.Tommycouldn’tstopthinkingabouttheboy______madehimafoolinthewhole

ofclass.A.whom

B.which

C.what

D.who37.—Whichisyournewneighbour,LiuHua?—Theman_______Tshirtisred.

A.that

B.who

C.which

D.whose38.—Doyouknowthegirl______istalkingwithourteacher?—Oh,she’smysister.

A.who

B.whose

C.whom

D.where39.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I’mlookingfortheCD____Iboughtyesterday.A.that

B.who

C.whose

D.when40.

Theshop_____sellsflowersisattheendofthestreet.A.who

B.where

C.which答案解析课堂专练答案1—5DACADD 6—10AAABA 11—15CAACA16—20CBBCB 21—25BCACA1.D先行词为thecoat，在从句中充当宾语，连接词用which。2.A先行词为thedictionary，在从句中充当宾语，连接词用which。3.C先行词为theman，在从句中充当主语，故连接词为who。4.A先行词为thebook，在从句中充当宾语，故连接词用that或者which，做宾语，所以连接词可以省略。5.D先行词为Themostinterestingplaces，在从句中充当宾语，故连接词用that或者which，但先行词被最高级修饰，连接词只能用that。6.A先行词tablemanners餐桌礼仪，在从句中充当宾语，连接词用which。7.A先行词为theonlygas在从句中充当主语，连接词用that/which，但先行词被theonly限定词修饰，连接词只能用that。8.A先行词为music，在从句中充当主语，连接词用that。9.B先行词为theonlything，在从句中充当宾语,连接词用that或者which，但有theonly限定词只能用that。10.A先行词为theplace，但在从句中充当的是主语，故连接词用which。11.C先行词为boy，与从句主语father是所属关系，故连接词用whose。12.A先行词thegirl在从句中做主语，连接词用who。13.A先行词thewoman从句中充当主语，连接词用who。14.C先行词为theyounglady，在从句中充当宾语，连接词用whom。15.A先行词ahouse，但在从句中充当的是主语，连接词用that。16.C先行词为people，在从句中充当主语，连接词用who。17.B先行词为theboys，在从句中充当主语，故连接词用that或者who，从句真正的主语是theboys，故谓语动词要用are。18.B先形词为someone，在从句中做主语，连接词用who。19.C先行词为thesmallvillage，在从句中充当状语，故连接词用where。20.B先行词为thegirl，与从句主语handwriting为所属关系，连接词用whose。21.B先行词为clothes，在从句中充当主语，连接词用that。22.C先行词为thegirl，在从句中作主语，连接词用who。23.A先行词为everybody，在从句中做主语，连接词用who；第二空先行词theone在从句中充当宾语，故连接词可省略。24.C先行词theboy在从句中充当主语，连接词用who。25.A先行词houses在从句中充当主语，连接词用that或者which。真题专练答案1—5ACACC 6—10DDBBA 11—15CAAAB16—20DBAAA 21—25CADCC 26—30CCAAB31—35CAADA 36—40DDAAC1.A先行词为someone在从句中充当主语，用who。2.C先行词thewriter，在从句中做主语，用who。3.A先形词为aninvention，在从句中做主语，用which。4.C先行词thecollegeandtheteachers在从句中做宾语，既有人又有物，连接词只能用that。5.C先行词为thevillage在从句中充当状语，连接词用where。6.D先形词为thecarto