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湖南省长沙市开福区第一中学2024-2025学年高三下期中考试(英语试题文)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试题卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1.____________thefiercecompetitioninjobseeking,manyuniversitygraduateshavenochoicebuttoreducetheirowndemandforthesalary.A.FacedB.FacingC.TofaceD.Havingfaced2.—Theroomlooksbigger!—We______thefurniture.A.havechanged B.hadchangedC.changed D.arechanging3.—Mum,Iamworryingaboutmypetdogwhileweareaway.—Boy,you________.Ourneighborhasofferedtohelpus.A.can’tB.wouldn’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t4.ThemainissueattheAPECmeetingwasaclimate-changeplan_____byAustralia’sHowardandbackedbyBush.A.putout B.putoffC.putaway D.putforward5.________iswillingtovolunteerinthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicsiswelcometojoinus.A.WhateverB.WhoeverC.WheneverD.Wherever6.-Excuseme,butwhyamInotallowedtousethegym?-________,butyourroompricedoesn'tcoverit.A.NohurryB.NowonderC.NooffenceD.Noproblem7.Bythetimewe________fromourschool,wehavebeenclosefriendsformorethantenyears.A.graduated B.willgraduateC.aregraduating D.graduate8.He________inauniversityforfiveyears,butnowherunsacompanyofhisown.A.hastaught B.hadtaughtC.taught D.hasbeenteaching9.WorldFoodDayisheldeachyeartounderlinetheprogressthat________againsthungerandthatstillneedstobemade.A.ismade B.wasmadeC.hasbeenmade D.willbemade10.Theteacheroftengiveshisstudentsabriefpauseinclass______theycantakeinwhathehastaught.A.why B.when C.who D.which11.—Wouldyoumindmovingoveralittle?Ihavetopasshere.—________I’dliketohelp.A.Notintheslightest. B.Don’tmentionit.C.Nevermind. D.Atyourservice.12.Whatmadethemmissthedeadlinewasnottheirlackoffunding,but________theirlackofplanning.A.even B.stillC.rather D.ever13.—Doyouknowwhytheteacherasksforme?—Hewantsyouto________yourabsencelastnight.A.accountfor B.callforC.sendfor D.reachfor14.---Isawnomorethanonemotorcarintheshop.Willyougoandbuy?---No,I’dratherfindinothershops.A.it;oneB.one;itC.it;theoneD.theone;it15.Iamalwaysdelightedwhenreceivingyourinvitation,______thepartyonJune9thafterthenationalcollegeentranceexamination,Ishallbepleasedtoattend.A.Onaccountof B.WithregardtoC.Inresponseto D.Inviewof16.RegardingChina-USdifferencesonhumanrightsissues,Hongsaidthetwosidescanenhancemutualunderstandingthroughdialogue______onequalityandmutualrespect.A.based B.tobase C.basing D.base17.IfKatehadknownwhatwas_______forher,shewouldnothavemarriedTom.A.inresponse B.inreturnC.inreaction D.instore18.MorethanaquarteroftheenergyintheUnitedStatesgoestomovingpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.A.using B.used C.touse D.use19.—Doyouknowwhenyourmother________topickyouup?—At11:40am.A.hadcomeB.iscomingC.hascomeD.wouldcome20.Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerquestionsonline.Youmaybe______intogivingawayveryimportantpersonalinformation.A.caught B.addictedC.seized D.trapped第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。21.(6分)Culturecanaffectnotjustlanguageandcustoms,butalsohowpeopleexperiencetheworldonsurprisinglybasiclevels.Researchers,withthehelpofbrainscans,haveuncoveredshockingdifferencesinperception(感知)betweenWesternersandAsians,whattheyseewhentheylookatacitystreet,forexample,orevenhowtheyperceiveasimplelineinasquare,accordingtofindingspublishedinaleadingsciencejournal.Inwesterncountries,culturemakespeoplethinkofthemselvesashighlyindependentindividuals.Whenlookingatscenes,Westernerstendtofocusmoreoncentralobjectsthanontheirsurroundings.EastAsiancultures,however,emphasizeinter-dependence.WhenEasternerslookatascene,theytendtofocusonsurroundingsaswellastheobject.Usinganexperimentinvolvingtwotasks,DrHeddenaskedsubjectstolookatalinesimplytoestimateitslength,ataskthatisplayedtoAmericanstrengths.Inanother,theyestimatedtheline’slengthrelativetothesizeofasquare,aneasiertaskfortheAsians.Thelevelofbrainactivity,bytrackingbloodflow,wasthenmeasuredbyBrainScanners.Theexperimentfoundthatalthoughtherewasnodifferenceinperformance,andthetaskswereveryeasy,thelevelsofactivityinthesubjects’brainsweredifferent.FortheAmericans,areaslinkedtoattentionlitupmore,whentheyworkedonthetasktheytendedtofindmoredifficult—estimatingtheline’ssizerelativetothesquare.FortheAsians,theattentionareaslitupmoreduringthehardertaskalso—estimatingtheline’slengthwithoutcomparingittothesquare.ThefindingsareareflectionofmorethantenyearsofpreviousexperimentalresearchintoEast-Westdifferences.Inonestudy,forinstance,researchersofferedpeopleachoiceamongfivepens;fourredandonegreen.EasternersweremorelikelytochoosearedpenwhileWesternersweremorelikelytochoosethegreenone.Cultureisnotaffectinghowyouseetheworld,buthowyouchoosetounderstandandinternalize(使内化)it.Butsuchhabitscanbechanged.SomepsychologicalstudiessuggestthatwhenanEasternergoestotheWestorviceversa,habitsofthoughtandperceptionalsobegintochange.Suchresearchgivesuscluesonhowourbrainworksandishopefulforustodevelopprogramstoimproveourmemory,memorytechniquesandenhanceandaccelerateourlearningskills.1、Accordingtothepassage,Chinesepeoplearemostlikelyto________.A.moreemphasizeindependentthinkingB.alwaysfocusmoreontheirsurroundingsC.focusonthecontextaswellastheobjectD.thinkofWesternersashighlyindependentunits2、Weknowfromthepassagethatpeople’sbrainswillbemoreactivewhen________.A.thetaskismucheasierB.thebloodflowistrackedC.peoplebegintochoosecolorsD.thetaskismoredifficult3、WhatdoesDrHedden’sexperimentinParagraph4-5indicate?A.Culturehasagreatimpactonthewaypeopletalkandbehave.B.EasternersandWesternersperceivetheworlddifferently.C.People'sperceptionoftheworldcanbechanged.D.AmericansarebetteratcalculatingthantheAsians.4、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.EasternersprefercollectivismtoindividualismB.EastAsiancultureslaymoreemphasisonindependenceC.ittookovertenyearstofindouthowtoimproveourbrainpowerD.Americanswillchangetheirhabitsofperceptionwhenthey’reinBritain22.(8分)ACADEMICACTIVITIESANDLEARNINGTRIPSNACA(NativeAmericanCommunityAcademy)involvesstudentsinacademicactivitiesandlearningtripsinordertostrengthentheclassroomlearningexperience.Someexamplesofourcommitmenttoacademicactivitiesinclude:☆StudentDemonstrationsAttheendofeveryschoolyear,NACAcelebratesstudentlearningandgrowththroughStudentDemonstrations.Eachstudentchoosesaprojectthatreflectstheirbestworkanddemonstratesitpubliclyforfamilyandcommunitymembers.Throughthisprocessstudentsalsopracticetheskillsofgivingaproperintroduction,sharingcontentknowledge,makingapersonalconnection,betteringtheirvisualandoralpresentationskillsandinteractingwiththeircommunity.☆StudentCouncilStudentCouncilisagroupofpeer-electedrepresentatives.TheyserveasleadersoftheirgradelevelandpromoteNACACoreValues.Theymodelpositiverelationshipsamongeachotherandstaff.StudentCouncilwillfacilitateschoolwideeventstofosterschoolspirit.☆PotentialLeadersDevelopmentTriptoWashingtonDCEverysummer,aboutthirty8thgradestudentstakepartinaPotentialLeadersDevelopment.AtriptoWashingtonDCisanimportantopportunitythatpromotesyouthleadershipforstudentswhileengagingthemonadeeperacademiclevel.Itprovidesanexperience-basedunderstandingoftheendlessopportunitiesthathighereducationcanprovideandencouragesthepursuitofacademicsuccess.Studentswhoattendthistriparegreatlyimpacted,longforcompletingtheirhighschooleducationinamorefocusedanddeterminedmannerandbeginmakingplansforcollege.ThetripalsocreatesawarenessofthesignificanceofWashingtonDC/USgovernmentandimportanceofgovernmenttogovernmentrelationships.1、What’stheaimofNACAtrips?A.Toequipstudentswithsocialexperience.B.Tohelpstudentsstrengthenwhattheylearninclass.C.Topromotetheawarenessofprotectingnature.D.Tohelpstudentswithlearningdifficultiestocatchup.2、HowdoesNACAcelebratetheendofaschoolyear?A.ByorganizingtripsforstudentstoWashingtonDC.B.Bychoosingmodelstudentsfortheirgoodrelationships.C.Bygettingstudentstopresenttheirbestworkpublicly.D.Bymakingpersonalconnectionswiththecommunity.3、WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutTriptoWashingtonDC?A.Itsparticipantsarefutureleadersofallfields.B.Itsteachersareallexpertsatpresentationskills.C.Itsetsmodelsforstudentstosocializeinreallife.D.Itaimstoinspirestudentsforhighereducation.23.(8分)Whatwillpoweryourhouseinthefuture?Nuclearwindorsolarpower?AccordingtoscientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)intheUS,itmightbeartificialleaves.Naturalleavesareabletochangesunlightandwaterintoenergy.Itisknownas
photosynthesis
(光合作用).Nowresearchershavefoundawaytoimitatethisprocess.TheartificialleafdevelopedbyDanielNoceraandhiscolleaguesatMITcanbeseenasaspecial
siliconchipwith
catalysts(催化剂).Similartonaturalleaves,itcansplitwaterintohydrogen
andoxygenwhenputintoabucketofwater.Thehydrogenandoxygengasesarethenstoredinafuel
cell
(电池),usingthosetwomaterialstoproduceelectricity,locatedeitherontopofahouseorbesidethehouse.Thoughtheleafisonlyabouttheshapeofapokercard,scientistsclaimedthatitispromisingtobean
inexpensivesourceofelectricityindevelopingcountries.“OnecanimaginevillagesinIndiaandAfricanotlongfromnowpurchasinganaffordablebasicpowersystembasedonthistechnology”saidanAmericanscientist,Nocera.Anartificialleafisnotanewidea.Thefirstartificialleafwasinventedin1997butwastooexpensive
andunstableforpracticaluse.Thenewleaf,however,ismadeofcheapmaterials,easytouseandhighlystable.Inlaboratorystudies,Nocerashowedthatanartificialleafcouldoperate
continuouslyforatleast45hours.ThewonderfulimprovementscomefromNocera’srecentdiscoveryofseveralpowerfulnew,
inexpensivecatalysts.Thesecatalystsmaketheenergy
transformationinsidetheleafmore
efficientwithwaterandsunlight.Rightnowthenewleafisabout10timesmoreeffectiveatcarryingoutphotosynthesisthananaturalone.Besides,thedevicecanruninwhateverwaterisavailable.
Thisisimportantforsomecountriesthatdon’thaveaccesstopurewater.Hopefully,eachhomecouldhaveaccesstothenewapplicationinthefuture.1、Thepurposeofthisarticleisto________.A.introduceanewkindofdeviceB.askpeopletodotheresearchC.advertisethenewproductD.showtheprocessofphotosynthesis2、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantagesofthenewleaf?A.It’slowincost.B.It’ssmallinsize.C.Ithasawonderfulfuelcell.D.It’sconvenientforpeopletouse.3、Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetext?A.Nocerathoughtthenewleafisexpensivefordevelopingcountries.B.VillagesinAfricahavebenefitedalotfromthenewinvention.C.Siliconchipcanhelpthenewleafworkmoreeffectively.D.Theequipmentdoesn’tnecessarilyoperateinpurewater.4、What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsthenewdevice?A.Negative.B.Optimistic.C.Doubtful.D.Uncertain.5、Accordingtothetext,whatwilltakeplaceinthefuture?A.Naturalleaveswilltaketheplaceofartificialleaves.B.Scientistswilldevelopmorewaystoproduceenergy.C.Thenewinventioncouldbewidelyusedinthefuture.D.Developingcountrieswillcontributemoretotheresearch.24.(8分)AmazonBestSellers:BestBooksAHigherLoyalty:Truth,Lies,andLeadership-April17,2018byJamesComeyInhisbook,formerFBIdirectorJamesComeyshareshisnever-before-toldexperiencesfromsomeofthehighest-risksituationsofhiscareerinthepasttwodecadesofAmericangovernment,exploringwhatgood,ethical(道德的)leadershiplookslike,andhowitdrivessounddecisions.Hisjourneyprovidesanentryintothecorridorsofpower,andaremarkablelessoninwhatmakesaneffectiveleader.Hardcover$17.9912RulesforLife:AnAntidotetoChaos-January23,2018byJordanB_PetersonWhatdoeseveryoneinthemodernworldneedtoknow?FamouspsychologistJordanB.Peterson’sanswertothismostdifficultofquestionsuniquelycombinesthehard-wontruthsofancienttraditionwiththegreatfindingsofmost-advancedscientificresearch.Hardcover$15.57HowtoReadaBook:TheClassicGuidetoIntelligentReadingRevisedEditionbyMortimerJ.Adler,CharlesVanDorenWithhalfamillioncopiesinprint,HowtoReadaBookisthebestandmostsuccessfulguidetoreadingcomprehensionforthegeneralreader,completelyrewrittenandupdatedwithnewmaterial.Originallypublishedin1940,thisbookisararephenomenon,alivingclassicthatintroducesandclarifiesthevariouslevelsofreadingandhowtoachievethem-fromelementaryreading,throughsystematicskimmingandinspectionalreading,tospeedreading.Paperback$10.31Everybody,Always:BecomingLoveinaWorldFullofSetbacksandDifficultPeople-April17,2018byBobGoffPaperback$10.19Whathappenswhenwestopavoidingdifficultpeopleandsimplyloveeveryone?Inhiswildlyentertainingandinspiringfollow-uptotheNewYorkTimesbestsellingphenomenonLoveDoes,BobGofftakesreadersonalife-alteringjourneyintothesecretoflivingwithoutfear,care,restriction,orworry.1、Ifyouwanttobecomeaneffectiveleader,youcantry________.A.HowtoReadaBookB.Everybody,AlwaysC.12RulesforLifeD.AHigherLoyalty2、WhatdoweknowaboutHowtoReadaBook?A.ItiswrittenbyMortimerJ.Adler.B.Itiscompletelythesameastheoriginalone.C.Ithasbeenpublishedsince1940.D.Therearemanyotherbookssimilartoit.3、Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.AllthefourbooksarepaperbacksB.PaperbacksarecheaperthanhardbacksC.JordanB.PetersonistheformerFBIdirectorD.BobGoffisajournalistoftheNewYorkTimes25.(10分)Foryears,mytimespentintheshowercouldhavegotmeamentioninGuinnessWorldRecordsastheshortesttimetakentobathe.Ihurriedupduringthisprocess.Oneday,however,whileataparty,Iheardanartistfriendtellingeverybodythathisideacamewhilehewashavingashower.“Whataboutyou?”heasked,“Don’tyougetyourcreativethoughtsfromthesameplace?”“I’minandoutinahurry,”Itoldhimproudly.“Ihavenotimetowaste!”“Whatapity,”hesaid.“That’stheplacewhereyouneedtoslowdown;plentyofgreatthoughtscomefromthere!”Itrieditout.Isloweddownthewholeprocess,startedenjoyingthewarmwater,takingalittlelongertosoapmyselfandevenspendingmoretimejustenjoyingtheprocess,andrealizedhowmuchIhadmissedinhurryingupalltheseyears.Awomantoldmehowmuchstressherfriendwassufferingfromandhowshesoughttoconvinceherthatsheneededtofindwaystorelax.Shegaveheravideotapeonstressmanagementandrelaxationtechniques,andencouragedhertowatchitrightaway.Fifteenminuteslater,herfriendhandedbackthetape.“Itwasgood,”shesaid,butIdon’tneedit.”“Butit’sa70-minutevideo,”thewomanreplied,“Youcouldn’thavewatchedthewholething.”“Yes,Idid,”herfriendsaid.“Iputitinfast-forward!”Amajorsocialproblemofthe21stcenturyisHurrySickness.Wehurrythroughwork.Weswallowfastfood.Wecomplainthatwedon’thaveenoughtime.Weracethroughthedaysandweeksuntilonedaywelookbackinamazementandcomment,“Mygod,howtheyearsflewby!”Thenwerealizetheheavypricewehavepaidfortravelingfast.SymptomsofHurrySicknessincludestressandanxiety,badrelationships,loweredworkperformanceandevendisease.Somepeopledon’tsurviveit.What’sthecure?Slowdown,forlifeissoshortandpreciousthatwemustliveitwell.1、Whatwastheadvantageoftakingashowerintheeyesoftheartistfriend?A.Timewassaved.B.Nothingwasmissed.C.Greatideasflewaway.D.Creativethoughtscame.2、Whatwasthetroublewiththewoman’sfriend?A.Shefeltstressed.B.Shefoundthetapeuseless.C.Shefoundnowaytorelax.D.Shewatchedthetapetoofast.3、Whatarethemajortroublepeoplefaceinthe21stcenturyinthewriter’seyes?A.Peoplerunfasttowork.B.Everythingisdoneinahurry.C.Peopledon’thaveenoughtime.D.Timeflieswithoutbeingnoticed.4、Howcantheproblembesettled?A.Bypacingdown.B.Bylearningtosurvive.C.Bydevelopingfriendship.D.Byperforminggoodwork.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节)第一节(每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.26.(30分)NotbeingsurewhereIwanttostartthis,IwillsaythatIlostmymombackinAprilofthisyear.Shewasninety-two.1,Iwasnotexpectingherto2andIdon’tthinkshewasexpectingiteither.Iwasveryclosetomymom,beinganonlychild.Wedidhave3onthesurface,butwestillhadacloserelationship4those.Beingnewlymarriedlessthanayear,andhavingmovedacoupleoftimes5,Ihavehadmorechangesrecentlyinmylifethanatanyotherpointofmyfifty-fouryears.StabilityisoneofthegiftsthatMom6meandithadsomany7thatIwasn’tawareofuntilnow.MyhusbandandIhavemadesome8toMom’shomeandwillbemovingattheendofnextweek.Itisnowourhome,butitstillhasmy9heartinit.It’swhereIgrewup,andtherearemany10thatwilllivetherewithus.Atthesametime,Iamlookingforwardto11someveryhappyandmemorableoneswithmyhusband.Mom12suchabigpartinmylife.Ourliveswere13wovenbecauseshegavemehervalueswhichhavebecomestrongly14inthewomanIamtoday.Idon’thaveanychildrenwhomIcould15theseonto.However,Mother’svaluesaffectmeeverydaywiththe16Ihavewithothers,whetherIknowthemornot.IhopeMomwouldbe17ofwhoIam,whatI’vebecomebecauseofher,andof18Iamgoingtolivewithmy19ShegavemeeverythingIneededtoknowinlife:respectothers,andgivehelptootherswho20itmost.Iloveyou,Mom,andIwillneverforgetyou.1、A.However B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.Though2、A.passout B.passaway C.passby D.passdown3、A.promises B.agreements C.differences D.similarities4、A.intermsof B.incaseof C.inneedof D.inspiteof5、A.once B.since C.though D.either6、A.saved B.brought C.gave D.taught7、A.ideas B.thoughts C.meanings D.benefits8、A.studies B.decisions C.changes D.remarks9、A.son’s B.father’s C.mom’s D.husband’s10、A.memories B.chances C.choices D.dreams11、A.receiving B.promising C.making D.supplying12、A.affected B.played C.controlled D.managed13、A.brightly B.lightly C.roughly D.tightly14、A.intended B.designed C.rooted D.admitted15、A.hold B.pass C.drive D.reply16、A.contact B.interest C.trouble D.effect17、A.free B.proud C.full D.certain18、A.what B.where C.why D.when19、A.life B.children C.husband D.time20、A.hunt B.need C.treat D.consider第二节(每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27.(15分)There'snoplaceintheworldlikeVenice,ItalySituatedintheAdraticSea,thecityofWaterismadeupof118tinyislandsHowever,it1.(be)indangerofsinkingnowBecause2.citywasbuiltonsoftsoil,ithasbeensinkingunderthepressureofitsownweightScientistssaythatVenicesinks3.arateofnearlytwoinchesevery100yearsMeanwhile,risingsealevelscouldmakeVenicegounderevenfasterEarth'stemperatureisslowlyincreasing,4.iscausingseaicetomeltandmakestheworld'swatersriseExperts5.(rush)tosaveVenicenowbecauseofitsrichculture“ManyfamousartistsandoperasingershavecomefromVeniceSomeoftheworld'sgreatest6.(paint)canbefoundonthecity'smuseumwalls,"explainsMelissaConn7.(keep)thecityafloat,expertswanttopumpabout40billiongallonsofseawaterbeneathVeniceWhilescientistsworktogettheirplan8.(approve),peopleinVenicelivetheirnormallifeWhenthetiderollsinthelocalshavewaysofkeepingeveryonedryCaféownersmovetablesto9.(high)ground,andhotelspassouthighbootstoguests10.(fortune),dealingwiththerisingwaterdoesnotmakethenativesdiscouraged第四部分写作(共两节)第一节短文改错(满分10分)28.(10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的同下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Itseemsthatifthere
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