必修二Unit2WildlifeProtection语法知识读后续写筑基讲义（原卷版）

Part1单元语法讲义现在进行时被动语态Part2读后续写素材常用修辞手法Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测必修二Unit2WildlifeProtectionPart1单元语法讲义现在进行时被动语态一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本概念现在进行时的被动语态的形式肯定式am/is/are+beingdone否定式am/is/are+not+beingdone一般疑问式Am/ls/Are+主语+beingdone特殊疑问式疑问词+is/are+主语＋beingdone二、现在进行时被动语态的用法和意义1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now,atthemoment等时间状语。AsfarasIknow,heisnowbeingtreatedinIndia.据我所知，他现在正在印度接受治疗。2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但该动作在说话的瞬间未必正在进行。Manyinterestingactivitiesarebeingcarriedoutthesedays.最近许多有趣的活动正在被进行着。(说话时，并不一定正在进行)3．表示一种经常性的被动行为，常与always,constantly，frequently等副词连用，往往带有夸奖、羡慕、埋怨、讨厌等感情色彩。Ifeelveryamazedthattheglassesofourlivingroomarefrequentlybeingbroken.让我感到非常吃惊的是我们起居室的玻璃杯经常被打破。4．表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作。Thebirthdaypartyisbeingheldthisevening.与情态动词连用，表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。—DoyouknowwhatJohnisdoing?—Heisill.Hemaybebeingexaminedby

thedoctor.注意短语动词变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省掉，应当看成一个整体。Thechildrenarebeingtakengoodcareof

here.

be+under/in/on+n.可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。Thetelephoneisinuse.=Thetelephoneis

beingused.Manynewproductsareonshow.=Many

newproductsarebeingshown.Part2读后续写素材常用修辞手法Simile明喻明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。如：★Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,looksasthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.开满樱花的乡村，看起来有如粉红雪铺满地。★Thesmileonherfaceshonelikeadiamond.她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。★ThesceneryalongtheLijiangRiverinGuilinisjustlikeabeautifullandscapepainting.桂林漓江的沿途风景就像一幅美丽的山水画。★Hisheartisashardasastone.他铁石心肠。★Hersoulisaspureassnow.她的心灵纯洁无比。认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由(as)...as,like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledgingword），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。●和as…as…相关的词块积累：assoftaswater柔情似水aspureassnow纯净如雪asclearascrystal清如水晶asweakaswater软弱无力，弱不禁风asuniqueasafingerprint独一无二asdrunkasamouse烂醉如泥●和like相关的词块积累：likeaducktowater如鱼得水likeadrownedcat落汤鸡likeacatonhotbricks热锅上的蚂蚁likearatinahole如瓮中之鳖02Metaphor隐喻,暗喻暗喻（metaphor）：也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。无需借助比喻词，直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。例如：★Lifeisashipontheoceanmeetingbothsunnydaysandstormydays.生活是一艘在海上航行的船，既会遇到晴天，也会遇到暴风雨天。★Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface.笑是驱走人们脸上寒意的太阳。★Sheisgoingthrougharollercoasterofemotions.她正经历着情感的过山车。★Atonce,theEasternandWesternChang’anRoadsbecameroaringoceans.霎时间，东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。由以上各例可知，暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。如：Hehasaheartofstone.Hehasaheartlikestone.很显然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。暗喻时，比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄，猛一看它们毫无关系，实际却有着某种内在联系。●词块积累：abedofroses安乐窝cleanhands两袖清风curtainlecture枕头风likemushroom雨后春笋mushroomfame一夜成名amushroommillionaire暴发户03Metonymy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。I.以容器代替内容，例如：1>.Thekettleboils.水开了。2>.Theroomsatsilent.全屋人安静地坐着。II.以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：Lendmeyourears,please.请听我说。III.以作者代替作品，例如：apleteShakespeare莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。04Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。例如：1>.Thereareabout100handsworkinginhisfactory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人。2>.HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿。3>.Thefoxgoesverywellwithyourcap.(整体代部分)这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。05Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。例如：1>.Thebirdssatuponatreeandpouredforththeirlilylikevoice.(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。2>.TastethemusicofMozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)品尝Mozart的音乐。06Personification拟人拟人（personification）：拟人手法是把物（诸如动物、植物、物体、思想或抽象概念等）比作人，赋予它们人的特性、外表、思维、动作，即把本来适用于人的词汇用于物，使之人格化。如：★Thethunderclappedangrilyinthedistance.雷声在远处怒吼着。★Thesunlooksoverthemountain’srim.太阳挂在山边。★Thecitygraduallybegantobreatheagain.城市渐渐开始恢复生机。★Thewindhowledinthenight.夜里狂风怒吼。★Theflowers/Thecurtainsdancedinthegentlebreeze.花儿/窗帘在微风中翩翩起舞。★Thecandleflamedancedinthedark.蜡烛的火焰在黑暗中跳动。07Hyperbole夸张夸张（hyperbole）：夸张手法是人们从主观出发，有意识地把事实夸大，故意言过其实，以达到强调或突出的一种修辞手法。它偏重于情感，而不太注重事实，表达得比实际事情更高、更强烈、更有集中性，具有诙谐、讥讽、褒贬等功用。一般说来，凡事物，都可适当地利用夸张去修饰。★Mygrayhaircanmakealonglongrope.白发三千丈。★Whensheheardthebadnews,ariveroftearspouredout.听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。★Herappearancefairlytookmybreathaway.她的美貌令我神魂颠倒。08Parallelism排比,平行排比（parallelism）：是由两个或两个以上短语或句子构成，其并列的结构相同或类似，意思相关，语气连贯，使得句子读起来流畅，富有节奏感。★Readingmakesuswiseandexercisesmakeusstrong.读书使我们睿智，锻炼使我们强健。★Tosucceedinlife,youneedtotakeadvantageofopportunitiesandtofollowyourdreams.要想在生活中获得成功，你需要抓住机会，追随你的梦想。★ThisisnotonlyjustwhatIwanted,butalsowhatIneeded.这不仅是我想要的，也是我需要的。欣赏英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯在《双城记》的一段话，体会其中排比的力量和感染力。ltwasthebestoftimes,anditwastheworstoftimes.Itwastheageofwisdom,anditwastheageoffoolishness.Itwastheepochofbelief,anditwastheepochofincredulity.Itwastheseasonoflight,anditwastheseasonofdarkness.ltwasthespringofhope,anditwasthewinterofdespair.byCharlesDickens“ATaleofTwoCities”这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代；是智慧的时代，也是愚蠢的时代；是信仰的时代，也是怀疑的时代；是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节；是充满希望的春天，也是令人绝望的冬天。09Euphemism委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶，避讳的话。例如：1>.Heisoutvisitingthenecessary.他出去方便一下。2>.Hisrelationwithhiswifehasnotbeenfortunate.他与妻子关系不融洽。3>.DengXiaopingpassedawayin1997.(去世)010Allegory讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。英文解释：anexpressivestylethatusesfictionalcharactersandeventstodescribesomesubjectbysuggestiveresemblances;anextendedmetaphor摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为"换个方式的说法"。它是一种形象的描述，具有双重性，表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。例如：1>.Makethehaywhilethesunshines.表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草真正意味：趁热打铁2>.It'stimetoturnploughintosword.表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑011Irony反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式，如在指责过失、错误时，用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时，则近乎责难的说法。例如：1>.Itwouldbeafinethingindeednotknowingwhattimeitwasinthemorning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)2>"Ofcourse,youonlycarrylargenotes,nosmallchangeonyou."thewaitersaidtothebeggar.012Pun双关双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义，借题发挥。作出多种解释，旁敲侧击，从而达到意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果，它主要以相似的词形、词意和谐音的方式出现。例如：1>.Sheistoolowforahighpraise,toobrownforafairpraiseandtoolittleforagreatpraise.2>.Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.3>.Ifwedon'thangtogether,weshallhangseparately.013Parody仿拟这是一种模仿名言、警句、谚语，改动其中部分词语，从而使其产生新意的修辞。例如：1>.Romewasnotbuiltinaday,norinayear.2>.Afriendinneedisafriendtobeavoided.3>.Ifyougiveagirlaninchnowadaysshewillmakeaddressofit.014Rhetoricalquestion修辞疑问(反问)它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的，而是以疑问为手段，取得修辞上的效果，其特点是：肯定问句表示强烈否定，而否定问句表示强烈的肯定，它的答案往往是不言而喻的。例如：1>.Howwasitpossibletarget=_blankclass=infotextkey>possibletowalkforanhourthroughthewoodsandseenothingworthofnote?2>.Shallweallowthoseuntruthstogounanswered?015Contrast对照,对比,对偶对比（contrast）：巧妙地运用对比，可以突出作者想要强调的内容或情感。★Manypeoplewillsoonfindthemselvesrichingoods,butraggedinspirit.很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上很富裕，但精神上却很贫乏。★EveryoneintheclassroomwaschattinghappilywhileRefaelsatalone,ataloss.教室里的每个人都在开心地聊天，而拉斐尔却一个人坐在那里不知所措.★Neverbeforeinhistoryhasacitybeensopletelydestroyed.NeverinallSanFrancisco’shistorywereherpeoplesokindasonthatterriblenight.历史上，从来没有一个城市被如此彻底摧毁过。历史上，旧金山人民从来没有像在那个可怕的夜晚中那样宽容善良过。★Outatseaitwascalm.Nowindcameup.Yetfromeverydirection—east,west,northandsouth,strongwindsblewupontheunluckycity.海上风平浪静，没有风。然而，从四面八方——东南西北来的强风都吹向这座不幸的城市。Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测一、单句语法填空1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Hesaidtheteam(experiment)withdifferenttypesoffoodproducts,butthemodelstheygotweren'tassuccessful.2．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Aftercallingthewildliferescuecenterandlearningthatallitsvehicleswereoutonotherbusiness,Icarefully(wrap)(裹住)thewildbirdinatowelandcarriedhimtomyfriend’scar.3．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Musicisasweetlanguagetoshowlovetothosewholoveusandthosewho(love)byus.4．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）StudycoauthorWeiMinWusaysthatin24hours,theplastic(turn)intocarbondioxide.5．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(say)itisthefifthlargestcreatorofdangerouswaste.6．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Butherfellowteachersaidthatwe(celebrate)her39thbirthday!7．（1819高一·北京西城·期中）Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.8．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）Rainforests(cut)andburntatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromEarthinthenearfuture.9．（2223高二上·全国·课后作业）Look!Thechildren(take)goodcareofbytheiraunt.10．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Look!Anewfactory(build)nearhouse,andmanymorefactories(build)hereinthenearfuture.11．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Highrisesdecoratethecity’sskyline,creatingadistinctcontrasttotheancientneighborhoods,temples,andbuildingsthat(occupy)previouslybypeople.12．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Themoneywill(distribute)overafouryearperiodandisaimedathelpingapproximately1,000homelesspeopleinthecountyofArvada.13．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Sofar,thesite(conduct)thefinalpreparationandrehearsal(彩排)forthelaunch,includingfuelingupthecargocraftandtransferringthespacecraftrocketbinationtothelaunchingarea.14．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Thoughborrowingwordshasbeefaster,theprocessisstillplex,andittakestimebeforenewwords(integrate)intoeverydayspeech.15．（2324高三上·福建·期末）Sofar,largequantitiesofprivateinformation(leak)totheadvertisementagencyillegally.16．（2324高三上·福建·期末）Toanyneighboringcountries,borderissues,unless(handle)properly,willdirectlyaffecttherelationshipbetweenthemandevenleadtoconflicts.17．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Muchoftheworld’selectronicwastewillnotberecycled,reusedorevendisposedofinasafeandcontrolledmanner.Onlyaround17.5percent(record)asrecycledin2019.18．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Suzhou,consideredbytheItalianexplorerMarcoPolointhe13thcenturyas“theVeniceoftheEast”,becameasistercitytoVenicein1980,andsincethenmultipleactivitiesofmutualhistoricalandculturalexchange(carry)forward.19．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Sofar,throughtheremotevideomonitoringsystemandtheuseofBDSandotherequipment,theintelligentandinformation­basedthree­dimensionsystemofthe“skyandground”forbiodiversityprotection(establish).20．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Breathingdirtyaircausestheprematuredeathofatleast1,200childrenacrossEuropeeachyear.Actually,manythousandsmore(trouble)withphysicalandmentalhealthproblemsthatcouldhavelifelongimpacts.21．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Underthethemeof

“Chineselanguageplusarts”,theseries(prise)oftwoparts,thefirstpartofwhichcontainsfourepisodes,eachfeaturingoneartist.（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Inspiringvictoriesfor2,500years,SunziBingfaorTheArtofWar(write)byChineselegendarymilitarystrategistSunWuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770476BC).23．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）SanfuusuallyesbetweenmidJulyandmidAugust.Itreferstothethree10dayperiodsintheChineselunarcalendarand(call)“thedogdaysofsummer”inEnglish.24．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Today,sentencesfromConfucianism(hear)frequentlyinspeechesortalksgivenbyfamousforeignpeople.25．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Today,SunziBingfa(study)inmilitaryacademiesandbusinessschoolsaroundtheworld,anditcontinuestoguideusinvariousaspectsofourlives.26．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Theywerefixedonanironplatewithframesinacertainsequence.Theninkwaspaintedandapieceofpaperwaslaiddown.Aprintedsheet(create)thisway.27．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Thesolarterms(create)thousandsofyearsagotoguideagriculturalproduction.Solartermcultureisstillusefultodaytoguidepeople’slives.28．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Today,themodernistplex(stock)withsomanyartworksthattheexhibitarenascanshowjustapartofthematatime,makingtheartisticspecialexhibitionsahighlightofanyvisittotheGetty.29．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）WudangmartialartsbasedontheTaoistideology(create)byoneofthemostfamousTaoists,namedZhangSanfengintheearlyyearsoftheMingDynasty.30．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Maxwell’sworldwidewalkwasn’teasy.SheheardgunshotswhilecampinginTurkeyand(attack)inhertentinMongolia.Still,shecontinuedtowalk.二、书面表达（2024·浙江·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Isatinthebreakfastcornerwithmyfouryearoldson,Matthew,tryingtoignoretheacheinmystomach.Iwasstillrecoveringfromasurgery.Ihopedforstrengthandhappiness.Butthefutureseemedsohopeless.Matthewjumpedupfromhisspotonthekitchenfloor.“Bird!”heshouted,rushingtotheslidingdoor.Sureenough,therewasawhitedoveseatedonarubbertree.Itsatthereafewmoments,andthenflewaway.I’dneverseenoneinourneighborhoodbefore.WhenIdraggedmyselftothekitchenthenextmorning,thedovewasback.Thistimeitwaswithamatecarryingtwigs(嫩枝),“Look,Matthew,”Isaid,pointingtothetree.“They’regoingtomakeanest.”Thedovesflewinandoutofthecourtyardallweek,buildingonthetopoftherubbertree.Matthewcouldhardlycontainhisexcitement.Everymorning,he’drunintothekitchenandtakehisspotbytheslidingglassdoor,talkingtothebirdswhiletheyworked.AsmuchasIwasgrieving(感到悲伤),Icouldn’thelpbutlookforwardtothedoves’visitstoo.Wewatchedtheirprogressasifitwereareallifesoapoperaunfoldingbeforeus.Gradually,mypaindisappeared,replacedbyjoy.Thenitallwentwrong.Thecourtyardwasasafeenoughspotforanest,buttherubbertree’sbroad,