2025届湖北省黄冈市黄冈市高三上学期9月调研考试一模英语试题（含答案解析）

黄冈市2024年高三年级9月调研考试英语全卷满分150分考试用时120分钟注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhenwillthemanseeMike?A.NextThursday.B.NextMonday.C.ThisSunday.2.Whatisthemandoingnow?A.Photography.B.Goingshooting.C.Makingcheese.3.Howmuchwillthewomanpaytotally?A.$115.B.$130.C.$145.4.Whatwilltheboydowithherusedcomputer?A.Giveitaway.B.Throwitaway.C.Continueusingit.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themagazineisforkids.B.Loosejeansareoutdated.C.Sheisgoodatfashiondesign.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题.6.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shecansparesometime.B.Sheoftengoestotheconcert.C.Sheisgoodatdrawingdiagrams.7.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodotonight?A.Togototheconcert.B.Tojoinherfavoriteband.C.Toprioritizeherpaperwriting.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.Wherearethetwospeakersnow?A.Athome.B.Inthecinema.C.Atthestadium.9.WhatwillPeterdonext?A.Gotosleep.B.Drinksomecoffee.C.MakeanicedAmerican.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Thetouristandthetravelagent.B.Thepassengerandtheairportassistant.C.Thecustomerandtheticketbookingofficer.11.Whatcausestheman’sproblem?A.Thedeparturetimeischanged.B.TheITteamdoesn’tworkeffectively.C.Theboardingsystemhastechnicalproblems.12.Whatcanweknowfromtheconversation?A.Themanmissedtheflight.B.Themanwillgetaprivilegeofboarding.C.Theman’sflighthasbeenrescheduledalready.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Wheredothespeakersmostlikelywork?A.Atabicyclestore.B.Atatravelcompany.C.Atacommunitycenter.14.Whatdidthewomanadjust?A.Thehotel.B.Thetransportation.C.Thetourplan.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthecommunitypark?A.Itisnotfaraway.B.Itissuitableforbiking.C.Itispopularwiththeparticipants.16.WhatdoesLizzyrecommend?A.Offeringhandouts.B.Changingtheroute.C.Reorganizingthetour.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.Whatwillthefirstweekbelike?A.Enjoyable.B.Worrying.C.Challenging.18.Whatisimportantforthelistenersinthefirstweek?A.Tohelponeanother.B.Tobeclearabouttheirwork.C.Totrytoremembereverything.19.Whyarethelistenersadvisedtotalktomanypeople?A.Theycangetusefulinformation.B.Theycangetfamiliarwiththem.C.Theycangetsuggestionsfromthem.20.Whowillassistthelistenersinfindingtheirareasforimprovement?A.Thespeaker.B.Themanager.C.Thenewformalemployees.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheParis2024OlympicGamesboastsadiverserangeofsportingevents,amongwhichinnovativeadditionsaresuretocaptivateaudiencesworldwide.BreakdanceDescription:Breakdance,AKAbreakingorB-boying,isanurbandancestylethatcombinesacrobaticmoves,complexfootwork,andadistinctiveDJandMCpresence.Events:Men’sandWomen’ssingles,with16athleteseachcompetingin1VS1battles.KeyElements:Athletesperformcombinationsofmovessuchasthe6-step,andfreezes,judgedonexecution,creativity,andstyle.SkateboardingDescription:Astreet-inspiredsportwheremaleandfemaleathletesperformavarietyoftricksonskateboards,featuringtwovenues:ParkandStreet.Events:Park(aconcavecoursewithcurvesandramps)andStreet(astraightcoursewithstairs,rails,andotherobstaclesmimicking(模拟)urbanenvironments),awardingfourgoldmedals.KeyElements:Tricks,andGrabsarejudgedonexecution,creativity,andflow.SportClimbingDescription:SportClimbingisamodernsportthatrequiresathletestonavigatevariousheightsandanglesofartificialrockwalls,performingmovesliketurns,pull-ups,jumps,andmore.Events:BoulderingLeadClimbing,andSpeedClimbing,withmen’sandwomen’seventsinSpeedandCombined.KeyElements:Athletesarejudgedonspeed,accuracy,andpowerinSpeedClimbing,andonroutecompletion,difficulty,andstyleinBoulderingandLeadClimbing.SurfingDescription:Surfinginvolvesridingwavesusingasurfboard,showcasingathletes’skill,balance,andcourageinthesea.Events:Men’sandWomen’sShortboardevents,whereathletesperformtechnicalmaneuversonwaves.KeyElements:Judgesevaluateathletesbasedonthedifficulty,variety,andexecutionoftheirmaneuvers,aswellastheirspeedandfluidity.TheParis2024OlympicGamesofferinnovativenewadditionswithuniquetwists,whichpromisetodeliverathrillingandmemorableexperience.AndreturntohomepagetofindmoreaboutUniqueAspectsofTraditionalSports.1.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBreakdance?A.Athletesneedtoperformwithhighspeed.B.Thegameispopularbothincitiesandruralareas.C.Menandwomencanbattle1VS1inthesamegame.D.Athleteswhoperformcreativelymaygethighscores.2.Whatdothefoursportingeventshaveincommon?A.Theyareallperformedoutdoors.B.Theirvenuesmustmeetstrictrequirements.C.Theygivefairopportunitiestomenandwomen.D.Theyarealleasilyinfluencedbybadweather.3.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Aposter. B.Awebsite. C.Abrochure. D.Amagazine.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会新增的一些创意运动项目。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据Breakdance下面的“KeyElements:Athletesperformcombinationsofmovessuchasthe6-step,andfreezes,judgedonexecution,creativity,andstyle.(关键要素：运动员完成六步和定点等动作组合，这些要根据执行力、创造力和风格来裁判。)”可知，运动员的表现要根据执行力、创造力和风格来裁判，由此可推测，运动员动作富有创造性，得分会更高，答案为D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Breakdance下面的“Events:Men’sandWomen’ssingles,with16athleteseachcompetingin1VS1battles.(赛事：男子和女子单项，各有16名运动员参加1VS1比赛。)”、Skateboarding下面的“Description:Astreet-inspiredsportwheremaleandfemaleathletesperformavarietyoftricksonskateboards,featuringtwovenues:ParkandStreet.(描述：这是一项街头运动，男女运动员在滑板上表演各种技巧，有两个场地：公园和街道。)”、SportClimbing下面的“Events:Bouldering,LeadClimbing,andSpeedClimbing,withmen’sandwomen’seventsinSpeedandCombined.(活动：攀石、难度和速度攀岩，包括男子和女子速度和组合项目。)”、Surfing下面的“Events:Men’sandWomen’sShortboardevents,whereathletesperformtechnicalmaneuversonwaves.(项目：男子和女子短板项目，运动员在波浪上进行技术动作。)”可知，四个比赛项目中男女均可参加，故答案为C。【3题详解】推理判断题。从最后一段中的“AndreturntohomepagetofindmoreaboutUniqueAspectsofTraditionalSports.(返回主页，了解更多关于传统体育的独特方面。)”可推知该文出自某网页内容。故答案为B。B“Goodmorningpassengers!WelcomeaboardBusNo.38.”At6:30AM,thecoolmorningbreezeblowsasFengZhiliang,a43-year-olddriverwith15years’experienceatHandanPublicTransport,greetsthefirstpassengers.Seatedinthedriver’scab,hefastenshisseatbelt,readytosetoff.Feng’srecentviralvideocomesfromhisbilingual(双语的)stopannouncementsinChineseandEnglish,captivatingnetizens.Someremark,“It’slikealuxuriousflightforjusttwoyuan!”,praisingHandan’sharmoniouscombinationoftraditionandmodernity.ThistransformationstartedwhenFenggreetedagroupofforeignpassengerswith“Hello.HappyNewYear!”duringtheSpringFestival.Encouragedbytheirpositivefeedback,hesawanopportunitytoservethemanyforeignersridinghisbus.Determinedtoimprovecommunication,FengstartedanEnglishlearningjourney.Startingfromzero,hewasburiedinonlinecourses,soughtEnglishmaterials,andusedtranslationsoftwaretoenhancehisskills.Today,hisbilingualannouncementsreflecthisdedicationandHandan’sculturalcharm.Eachevening,afterdroppingoffhislastpassengers,Fengreturnedhomearound9:00pm,exhaustedbutdetermined.Despitehistiredness,he’dcontinuestudyingforanhour,evenmakingthebestofhis20-minutebreak.Inspiredbyhiscolleaguesandafterthreeyearsofunstoppedpreparation,Fengboldlytriedbilingualannouncementsduringpeakhoursinearly2023.Initiallynervous,hereceivedoverwhelmingencouragementfrompassengers,strengtheninghisresolvetomakebilingualannouncementsanessentialpart.“Takingthatfirststepwasdiscouraging,butthepositivefeedbackfueledmypassion,”Fengrecalled.“It’sbecomeagoalandacherishedwish.”Now,overayearandahalflater,Feng’sbilingualannouncementshavegatheredadevotedfanbase.PassengerseagerlyboardtheNo.38bustoimmersethemselvesinhisenrichinglanguageexperience,whileparentsbringtheirchildrenalongfortheeducationalride.Feng’sdedicationhastransformedhisroutinebusridesintolinguisticadventures,captivatingheartsandmindsalike.4.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimplyinPara.2?A.Feng’soralEnglishisperfect.B.Fengdrivesthebusasfastasaplane.C.Feng’sbusoffersthesameluxuryandcomfortasaplane.D.Feng’sbusprovidesabilingualatmospheresimilartothatofplane.5.WhatinspiredFenginitiallytoannouncethestopsbilingually?A.EnhancinghisoralEnglish.B.Attractingmorepassengerstoboardhisbus.C.ReflectingHandan’sculturalcharmtothepassengers.D.Betterservingforeignersonhisbusaftertheirthumbs-up.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFeng?A.Braveandpatriotic. B.Strong-willedanddiligent.C.Devotedandpatient. D.Considerateandfrank.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AllroadsleadtoRome. B.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.C.Wherethereiswill,thereisaway. D.Amancandonomorethanhecan.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了邯郸公交车司机冯志亮用双语报站，收获了一大批粉丝。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Feng’srecentviralvideocomesfromhisbilingual(双语的)stopannouncementsinChineseandEnglish,captivatingnetizens.(冯最近迅速传播的视频来自他的中英文双语停站公告，吸引了网民。)”可知，冯志亮的公交车采用双语播报，让乘客们仅用两块钱就体验到了坐飞机时双语播音的感觉。故答案为D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Encouragedbytheirpositivefeedback,hesawanopportunitytoservethemanyforeignersridinghisbus.(受到他们积极反馈的鼓励，他看到了一个为乘坐他公交车的许多外国人服务的机会。)”可知，冯志亮是受到外国乘客的鼓舞，让他看到了为乘坐他的公交车的许多外国人更好服务的机会。故答案为D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Eachevening,afterdroppingoffhislastpassengers,Fengreturnedhomearound9:00pm,exhaustedbutdetermined.Despitehistiredness,he’dcontinuestudyingforanhour,evenmakingthebestofhis20-minutebreak.(每天晚上，在放下最后一批乘客后，冯都会在晚上9点左右回到家，虽然筋疲力尽，但意志坚定。尽管很累，他还是继续学习了一个小时，甚至充分利用了20分钟的休息时间。)”可知，冯志亮在休息间隙的20分钟里，在晚上九点下班后一直坚持学习英语，说明他是是一个意志坚定又勤奋的人。故答案为B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Determinedtoimprovecommunication,FengstartedanEnglishlearningjourney.(决心提高沟通，冯开始了英语学习之旅。)”、第四段“Startingfromzero,hewasburiedinonlinecourses,soughtEnglishmaterials,andusedtranslationsoftwaretoenhancehisskills.Today,hisbilingualannouncementsreflecthisdedicationandHandan’sculturalcharm.(从零开始，他沉迷于在线课程，寻找英语材料，并使用翻译软件来提高自己的技能。今天，他的双语公告反映了他的奉献精神和邯郸的文化魅力。)”和最后一段中的“Now,overayearandahalflater,Feng’sbilingualannouncementshavegatheredadevotedfanbase.(现在，一年半过去了，冯的双语广告已经吸引了一批忠实的粉丝。)”可知，冯志亮为了双语报站，提高公交车服务系统的沟通效果，从零基础开始学习英语，克服了很多困难和挑战，最终赢得了乘客的纷纷点赞和认可，实现了他的心愿和目标。由此可推测出，C项“有志者事竟成”最符合题意。故答案为C。CInNovember1996,theNationalArtMuseumofChinareceivedadonationof117paintings,sculpturesandinstallationsmadeafter1970byEuropeanandUSartists.Featuredartistsincludeimportantfiguresofmodernandcontemporaryart,suchasAndyWarhol,PabloPicasso,JasperJohns,RoyLichtenstein,GerhardRichterandDavidHockney.ThedonationwasmadebyGermancollectorsIreneandPeterLudwig.ThecoupletraveledinmanyChinesecitiesinthe1980sand1990s,witnessingwhatwashappeningfollowingthecountry’sreformandopening-up.PeterLudwig,anindustrialistwhoheldaPhDinarthistory,initialedadonationagreementwiththemuseuminMay1996butdiedtwomonthslater.HiswidowIreneLudwigattendedthedonationceremonyandexhibition.YangLizhou,thenthemuseum’svicedirector,recalledthatwhenPeterLudwigvisitedChinatodiscussaboutdonation,hewasnotverydeterminedbutsaid“YES”afterYangtoldhimthatonequarteroftheworld’spopulationwouldsupportandrememberhimforhisgenerosity.ThemuseumhastouredtheLudwigcollectioninmanycitiesoverthepasttwodecades,broadeningpeople’svisionoffinearts.ManyChineseartistsandartresearchershadtheirfirstlookatarealPicassoandalso,gottoknowaboutthescopeanddepthofcontemporaryart.Andnowitexhibits50worksfromthecollectiontoagainmarktheimportanceofthecouple’scontributiontoChineseartcirclesandarteducation.ThisportraitofPeterLudwigshowsahighlyrecognizablestyleofpopartfigureAndyWarhol.Warholportrayedmanycelebritiesofvariousfields,includingart,literature,movie,musicandpolitics,inthe1970s,suchasMarilynMonroeandElvisPresley.Sketchylinesandacombinationofbrightcolorshighlightthesubject’sdistinctivepersonality,andbringhimclosertotheaudience.TheLudwigdonatedanotherthreePicassopaintings,inwhichManandWomanbyaFlowerVasewascompletedthreeyearsbeforehedied.Thepaintingexpressedfascinationsofloveandtheburdenitbringsbymergingtheimagesofawomanandaman,wheretheyseemphysicallyindependentwhileboundbyscarfsreluctantlywhichmadethemanlookdejected.ThispaintingisdistinctivefromothermasterpiecesofPicasso.8.WhatmadePeterfinallydecidetodonatehiscollections?A.Yang’sencouragement. B.Hispassionforfinearts.C.China’sreformandopening-up. D.HiswealthandaPhDinarthistory.9.Whatistheinfluenceofthecouple’sdonation?A.Makingthemuseummoresplendid.B.LayingasolidfoundationforChineseartcircle.C.WideningChinesepeople’shorizonofelegantarts.D.Deepeningpeople’sunderstandingoftraditionalart.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dejected”inPara6mean?A.Depressed. B.Delighted. C.Dedicated. D.Deserted.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Theimportantfiguresofmodernart.B.AGermancouple’sshiningachievements.C.AgenerousgiftpackagefromaGermancouple.D.ThesignificanceofaGermancouple’sdonation.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了一对德国夫妇赠送给中国的当代艺术大礼包。【8题详解】细节理解题。从第三段“YangLizhou,thenthemuseum’svicedirector,recalledthatwhenPeterLudwigvisitedChinatodiscussaboutdonation,hewasnotverydeterminedbutsaid“YES”afterYangtoldhimthatonequarteroftheworld’spopulationwouldsupportandrememberhimforhisgenerosity.”（当时的博物馆副馆长杨立州回忆说，当彼得·路德维希访问中国讨论捐赠问题时，他并不是很坚定，但在杨鼓励他，世界上四分之一的人口会支持并记住他的慷慨后，他答应了捐赠）可知，杨的鼓励使彼得最终决定捐赠他的收藏。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“ThemuseumhastouredtheLudwigcollectioninmanycitiesoverthepasttwodecades,broadeningpeople’svisionoffinearts.”（在过去的二十年里，博物馆在许多城市展出了路德维希的藏品，拓宽了人们对美术的视野。）可知，这对德国夫妇的捐赠拓宽了中国人的艺术视野，提升了对艺术的鉴赏和理解，故答案为C。【10题详解】词义猜测题。从前文“Thepaintingexpressedfascinationsofloveandtheburdenitbringsbymergingtheimagesofawomanandaman,wheretheyseemphysicallyindependentwhileboundbyscarfsreluctantly”（这幅画融合了一个女人和一个男人的形象，表现了爱情的魅力和它带来的负担，他们似乎身体上独立，但被围巾勉强束缚。）可知，他们似乎身体上独立，但被围巾束缚，这使男人看起来很沮丧。可知划线单词dejected的意思为“不高兴的，沮丧的”，故答案为A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“InNovember1996,theNationalArtMuseumofChinareceivedadonationof117paintings,sculpturesandinstallationsmadeafter1970byEuropeanandUSartists.”（1996年11月，中国美术馆收到了117件欧美艺术家1970年以后的绘画、雕塑和装置作品的捐赠。）根据第二段“ThedonationwasmadebyGermancollectorsIreneandPeterLudwig.ThecoupletraveledinmanyChinesecitiesinthe1980sand1990s,witnessingwhatwashappeningfollowingthecountry’sreformandopening-up.”（这笔捐款是由德国收藏家艾琳和彼得·路德维希捐赠的。这对夫妇在20世纪80年代和90年代走遍了中国的许多城市，见证了中国改革开放后发生的一切。）可知，文叙述了一对德国夫妇赠送给中国的当代艺术大礼包。所以短文的标题为“一对德国夫妇送的大礼包。”故选C。DForgettingisafactoflifethatmanypeoplefindfrustrating.Butgrowingevidencepushesbackatthebeliefthatasliporescapeinourrecollectionisevidentlybad.Indeed,forgettingcansometimeshelppeoplecopepsychologicallyorletgoofuselessknowledge.Inanewstudy,neuroscientistTomasRyanofTrinityCollegeDubliandhiscolleagueshaveexaminedthefundamentalbiologyunderlyingaformofforgettingweexperienceeveryday.Theirworksuggeststhatwhenwecan’trecallanoldphonenumberorahighschoolteacher’sname,thosedetailsarenotnecessarilylost.AsRyanexplainedtoMindMatterseditorDaisyYuhas,forgettingmaybeanactiveprocessthatthebrainusestosupportlearning.Healsodiscussedhowdementia(痴呆)mayultimatelyeffectdisorderedforgettingmorethanlostmemories.Youstudyanideathatsomepeoplemayfindcounter-intuitive(反直觉的):forgettingcanbepartoflearning.Howso?Weoftenthinkofforgettingasalossofthebrainpoweroralimitation.Memorylossfromdementiaorbraininjury,forexample,canbedevastating.Butwealsoexperience“everydayforgetting”aswegoaboutourlivesbecausethere’sjustsomuchgoingon.We’reexpectedtolearnandretainmanythingsinordertofunctioninmodernsociety.Somearequitearbitrary,suchashavingtomemorizefactsyou’llneverneedagainforschoolexams.Othersarenotsoarbitrarybutarestillquitedemanding,suchastheknowledgeyoubuildtobecomeapracticingdoctor.Althoughwemaythinkofforgettingasatrouble,anditoftenis,itcouldbeafeatureofthebrainratherthanabug.Agrowingbodyofresearchinneuroscienceisstudyingtheideathatforgettingisadaptiveratherthanlimiting.Soforgettingcomesinmanyforms?Therearedifferentkindsthatpeoplegenerallyconsiderdistinct.Wemayusethewordamnesia(健忘症)forakindofforgettingthatmostpeoplewouldagreeisneitheradaptivenorbeneficial.Someformsofamnesiamakeitdifficulttoformnewmemorieswhileothersmakeitdifficulttorecallmemoriesformedbeforeaninjury.12.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthepassage?A.Bydefiningaconcept. B.Bypresentingastudyresult.C.Bymakingcomparison. D.Bygivinganexample.13.Whatdoestheauthoragreeinthepassage?A.Dementiamainlyresultsinlostmemories.B.Forgettingmeansimperfectionofthebrain.C.It’sterriblethatthebestfriend’snameescapesme.D.Theknowledgeyouneedtobeateacherisnotarbitrary.14.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Scientiststhinkforgettinglimitsourlife.B.Neuroscientistsareresearchingtheadaptiveroleofforgetting.C.Peoplewouldagreethatamnesiaisharmfulinmostcondition.D.Amnesiadefinitelymakesitchallengingtorecollectmemories.15.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainthereasonsofforgetting. B.Topresenttheprocessofforgetting.C.Toemphasizethebenefitsofforgetting. D.Toclarifythemisunderstandingofforgetting.【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了“遗忘”这一现象在生物学和心理学上的新理解和研究，指出遗忘并非完全是记忆的丧失，有时反而是大脑支持学习和适应环境的一种机制。文章通过神经科学家的研究和观点，解释了遗忘在日常生活和学习中的作用，以及不同类型的遗忘，旨在向读者传达关于遗忘的科学理解和新发现。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Indeed,forgettingcansometimeshelppeoplecopepsychologicallyorletgoofuselessknowledge.(事实上，遗忘有时可以帮助人们在心理上应对或放弃无用的知识。)”可知，作者先陈述这个研究结果，再讲述研究的具体内容，即作者通过展示研究结果介绍这篇文章的主题。故答案为B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Othersarenotsoarbitrarybutarestillquitedemanding,suchastheknowledgeyoubuildtobecomeapracticingdoctor.(另一些知识不那么武断和任意，但仍然要求很高，比如你为成为执业医师而积累的知识)”可知，成为执业医师而积累的知识不是随意的，可推知成为一名教师所需的知识也不是随意的。故答案为D.。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Agrowingbodyofresearchinneuroscienceisstudyingtheideathatforgettingisadaptiveratherthanlimiting(越来越多的神经科学研究正在研究遗忘是适应性的，而不是限制性的。)”可知，神经科学家正在研究遗忘的适应性作用。答案为B。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Forgettingisafactoflifethatmanypeoplefindfrustrating.Butgrowingevidencepushesbackatthebeliefthatasliporescapeinourrecollectionisevidentlybad.Indeed,forgettingcansometimeshelppeoplecopepsychologicallyorletgoofuselessknowledge.(遗忘是许多人感到沮丧的生活事实。但是，越来越多的证据推翻了这样一种观点，即在我们的记忆中失误或逃逸显然是不好的。事实上，遗忘有时可以帮助人们在心理上应对或放弃无用的知识。)”和倒数第二段“Althoughwemaythinkofforgettingasatrouble,anditoftenis,itcouldbeafeatureofthebrainratherthanabug.Agrowingbodyofresearchinneuroscienceisstudyingtheideathatforgettingisadaptiveratherthanlimiting.(虽然我们可能认为遗忘是一种麻烦，而且它经常是，但它可能是大脑的一种特征，而不是一种缺陷。越来越多的神经科学研究正在研究遗忘是适应性的，而不是限制性的。)”可知，人们对遗忘现象存在误解。遗忘是大脑的特征而不是缺陷，作者具体阐释和澄清了这一误解。故答案为D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Peopleperceivehappinessdifferently,withsomeseeingtheglasshalffullwhileothershalfempty.SonjaLyubomirsky,asocialpsychologist,explainedthathappinesscomprisespositiveemotionsandlifesatisfaction.____16____Canyouchangeyoursetrangetobeahappierperson?Shebelievesthatwecanchangehowwethinkandhowwebehaveandalsowecanchangeourhabitsordevelopanewhabit.Happypeopletendtohavesuchcertainhabits.Gowiththe“flow”.Beabsorbedinwhatyoudo.“Whenyou’resofullyengagedinwhatyou’redoingthatyoudon’tnoticethepassageoftime,youareinastatecalled‘flow’,whichisassociatedwithjoy,”Lyubomirskyexplained.“____17____Onthecontrary,trysomethingascasualandrelaxingascompletingagroupprojectattheofficeorenjoyingahobbywithyourpartner.”____18____Whenitcomestoyourhappinesslevel,personalrelationshipshaveabiggerimpactthanmoney,ajobtitleorevenyourhealth.“Spendingmorequalitytimewithyourpartner,spouse,orkids,orreconnectingwitholdfriends,aresure-firewaystoincreaseyourownandothers’averagelevelsofjoy.”Lyubomirskysaid“pickarelationshipinneedofstrengthening,andinvesttimeandenergyinhealing,cultivatingandenjoyingit.”____19____Practicerandomactsofkindnessandexpressgratitude.Takeamomenttodonicethingsforothers.“Beingkindtootherpeoplebringsonalotofpositiveresults.Itmakesyoufeelgenerousandcapable,leadsyoutofeelgratefulaboutyourownsituation,andgivesyouagreatersenseofinterconnectednesswiththeworld,”Lyubomirskysaid.“____20____And,inturn,thebenefithelpsnurtureyourownself-esteemandhelpgetyouthroughtherestofthedayorweek.”Wehopethesethreetipshelpyouelevateyourhappinessgame.A.Manageyourcircles.B.Celebrategoodnews.C.Thissmallinvestmentmaygoalongway.D.Italsogivesjoytootherpeopleandleadsthemtolikeyoumore.EResearchersmeasurethosecomponentsbyaskingpeoplesuchquestions.F.Thequestionforresearchersreturnstothatglasshalf-fullorhalf-emptyissue.G.Youdon’thavetocompeteinahigh-riskgameoftennisorclimbMountEverest.【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.C20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些培养乐观精神，改变我们思维习惯的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Peopleperceivehappinessdifferently,withsomeseeingtheglasshalffullwhileothershalfempty.SonjaLyubomirsky,asocialpsychologist,explainedthathappinesscomprisespositiveemotionsandlifesatisfaction.(人们对幸福的看法不同，有些人看到的是半满的杯子，而有些人看到的是半空的杯子。社会心理学家SonjaLyubomirsky解释说，幸福包括积极的情绪和生活满意度)”以及后文“Canyouchangeyoursetrangetobeahappierperson?Shebelievesthatwecanchangehowwethinkandhowwebehaveandalsowecanchangeourhabitsordevelopanewhabit.Happypeopletendtohavesuchcertainhabits.(为了成为一个更快乐的人，你能改变你的设定范围吗？她相信我们可以改变我们的思维方式和行为方式，我们也可以改变我们的习惯或养成一个新的习惯。快乐的人往往有这样的习惯)”可知，上文提到人们对幸福的看法不同，有些人看到的是半满的杯子，而有些人看到的是半空的杯子，且社会心理学家SonjaLyubomirsky解释说，幸福包括积极的情绪和对生活的满意度，由此可说明研究者又回到了到半满杯水还是半空杯水这个问题上。故F选项“研究人员面临的问题又回到了半杯水还是半空的问题”符合语境，故选F。【17题详解】根据后文“Onthecontrary,trysomethingascasualandrelaxingascompletingagroupprojectattheofficeorenjoyingahobbywithyourpartner.(相反，尝试一些随意和放松的事情，比如在办公室完成一个小组项目，或者和你的同伴一起享受一个爱好)”可知，后文提到了相反的做法是尝试一些随意和放松的事情，推测本句是在说明从事冒险活动。故G选项“你不必参加高风险的网球比赛或攀登珠穆朗玛峰”符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】根据后文“Whenitcomestoyourhappinesslevel,personalrelationshipshaveabiggerimpactthanmoney,ajobtitleorevenyourhealth.“Spendingmorequalitytimewithyourpartner,spouse,orkids,orreconnectingwitholdfriends,aresure-firewaystoincreaseyourownandothers’averagelevelsofjoy.”Lyubomirskysaid“pickarelationshipinneedofstrengthening,andinvesttimeandenergyinhealing,cultivatingandenjoyingit.”(当涉及到你的幸福水平时，人际关系比金钱、职位甚至你的健康都有更大的影响。“花更多的时间与你的同伴、配偶或孩子在一起，或者与老朋友重新联系，这些都是提高你自己和他人平均快乐水平的可靠方法。”柳博米尔斯基说：“选择一段需要加强的关系，投入时间和精力来修复、培养和享受它。”)”可知，这一整段的大意是经营一段良好的人际关系可以提升人的幸福感，与A选项“Manageyourcircles”这一段落主题句构成解释关系。故A选项“管理好你的圈子”符合语境，故选A。19题详解】根据上文“Lyubomirskysaid“pickarelationshipinneedofstrengthening,andinvesttimeandenergyinhealing,cultivatingandenjoyingit.”(柳博米尔斯基说：“选择一段需要加强的关系，投入时间和精力来修复、培养和享受它。”)”可知，上文建议投入一段需要加强的关系，即对关系投入，C选项中的代词this指代的就是前一句话的内容，这个小小的投资会带来长远的影响。故C选项“这个小投资可能带来很大的影响”符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Practicerandomactsofkindnessandexpressgratitude.Takeamomenttodonicethingsforothers.“Beingkindtootherpeoplebringsonalotofpositiveresults.Itmakesyoufeelgenerousandcapable,leadsyoutofeelgratefulaboutyourownsituation,andgivesyouagreatersenseofinterconnectednesswiththeworld,”Lyubomirskysaid.(偶尔做些善事，表达感激之情。花点时间为别人做些好事。“善待他人会带来很多积极的结果。它让你感到慷慨和有能力，让你对自己的处境感到感激，并给你一种与世界更紧密相连的感觉，”柳博米尔斯基说)”以及后文“And,inturn,thebenefithelpsnurtureyourownself-esteemandhelpgetyouthroughtherestofthedayorweek.(反过来，这种好处有助于培养你的自尊，并帮助你度过一天或一周的剩余时间)”可知，横线前一句的内容是表达做好事所能带来的益处，横线后一句中的inturn以及helps这两个词说明横线部分依旧在表达做好事所能带来的益处，前后句构成层层递进的关系。D选项中的also也应证了答案。故D选项“它也给别人带来快乐，让他们更喜欢你”符合语境，故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MichaelSurrellandhiswifehadjustparkedthecarwhentheygotacallfromtheirdaughter:“Thehousenextdoorisonfire!”Heinstantlywentto____21____andsawanoldwomancried.“Thebabyisinside!”“Thebaby”was8-year-oldTiaraRoberts,thewoman’s____22____.Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell____23____rushedintotheburninghouse.Thethick____24____causedhimtostumbleblindlyaroundandmadeitimpossibleto____25____.Afterafewminutesinthesmoke-filledhouse,hemovedoutsideto____26____hisbreath.“WhereisTiara?”heasked____27____.“Thesecondfloor,”hergrandmashoutedback.Takingadeepbreath,Surrellwentinasecondtime.Becausethehousehada____28____layouttohis,hefoundthestairseasilyandmadeittothesecondfloor.Butthedarknesswas____29____.Allhecouldfeelwasthecracklingandpoppingofburningwo