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UNIT3
SectionB
Usinglanguage【词语辨析】likely,possible与probable三者都可表示“可能的”。可能性:probable>likely>possible(1)likely:主语为人、物或形式主语it句式:Sb./Sth.islikelytodosth.
Itislikelythat...(2)possible:主语为物或形式主语it句式:Itispossible(forsb.)todosth./Itispossiblethat...(3)probable:主语为物或形式主语it句式:Itisprobablethat...
辨析填空(likely/possible/probable)(1)Woulditbe
formetospeaktothechiefdoctorandtellhimtouselessmorphine?(2)Itis
thattheaddictwillbesenttothetreatmentcentre.(3)Astimegoesby,thepriceofhousesis
tobereducedtoanormallevel.单句写作(4)Theinjuredboy
(有可能)receivetreatmenttomorrow.(5)
(他有可能)hewillsharehisexperiencewithus.(6)[2015·四川卷]Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;he
(非常有可能成为)aBeethoven.possiblelikely/possible/probablelikelyislikelytoItislikelythatisverylikelytobe词汇六additionn.增加物,添加物;此外,除此之外inaddition除此之外
【教材原句】Eachyear,manyadditionsaremadetoEnglishdictionaries.每年,英语词典都会增加许多词条。【要点必记】inaddition“除此之外,另外”,是副词,单独作状语inadditionto“除……之外(还)”,是短语介词,后接名词、代词或动名词【学法点拨】inaddition可用于句首、句中或句末,用于句首或句中时,通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 辨析填空(inaddition/inadditionto)(1)Icanposttheletterforyou.
,doingsomewalkingdoesmegood.(2)
thenamesonthelist,therearesixotherapplicants.(3)[天津卷]
theschool,thevillagehasaclinic,whichwasalsobuiltwithgovernmentsupport.单句写作(4)Theproductsareofhighquality.
(另外),thepriceislow.(5)
(除了游泳),shelikesplayingtheguitar.InadditionInadditiontoInadditiontoInadditionInadditiontoswimming单元语法构词法英语构词法主要有四种:派生法、合成法、转化法和缩略法。 要点一派生法
在一个词根的前面或后面加上某个词缀生成一个新词,这种构词法称为派生法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。 (1)前缀前缀一般只改变词的意义,不改变词性。①表示否定意义的前缀 前缀例词un-unfit不健康的;不合适的unlike不像unlimited无限的dis-dislike不喜欢disagree不同意disappear消失前缀例词in-/im-/ir-/il-incomplete不完全的impossible不可能的irregular不规则的illegal不合法的non-non-smoker不抽烟者non-stop不停的non-violence非暴力mis-misunderstand误解misuse误用misread读错②表示其他意义的前缀 前缀含义例词a-
的asleep睡着的alive活着的en-使enrich使丰富enlarge使扩大inter-互相international国际的Internet因特网re-再,又,重recycle再循环rebuild重建tele-远程的television电视telescope望远镜前缀含义例词auto-
自动automatic自动的autodial自动拨号co-共同co-worker同事cooperate合作anti-反对,防止antibody抗体antifreeze防冻剂multi-多multicultural多元文化的multichannel多频道的kilo-千kilogram千克kilometre千米(2)后缀后缀通常改变词性,构成意思相近的其他词性的词,少数后缀会改变词义。①形容词后缀 后缀含义例词-able可……的,能……的acceptable可接受的movable可移动的-al属于……的,具有……性质的cultural文化的magical有魔力的-an某地的,……人的Asian亚洲(人)的Canadian加拿大(人)的-en由……制作的wooden木制的woolen羊毛的后缀含义例词-ern……方向的eastern东方的western西方的-ese
某国(人)的Chinese中国(人)的Japanese日本(人)的-ful充满……的harmful有害的respectful恭敬的-less没有……的useless无用的hopeless绝望的-ic/-ical与……有关的,……的historic历史的typical典型的后缀含义例词-ish如……的selfish自私的childish孩子气的-ive有……性质的,有……倾向的impressive给人深刻印象的protective保护的-ous有……特性的dangerous危险的mountainous多山的;山一般的-ly有……性质的friendly友好的likely可能的-y充满……的wealthy富有的dusty积满灰尘的②动词后缀
后缀例词-fy/-ifysimplify简化classify将……分类-enshorten缩短widen加宽-ize/-iserealize/realise实现apologize/apologise道歉③副词后缀 后缀含义例词-ly……地personally就个人而言;亲自totally完全地-ward(s)表示“方向”forward(s)向前(地)westward(s)向西(地)④名词后缀 后缀含义例词-er
人designer设计师programmer程序员-or人sailor水手actor演员-ist
人specialist专家artist艺术家-ess女性,雌性actress女演员lioness母狮-ful充满……的量handful一把mouthful一满口后缀含义例词-ment状态,结果excitement兴奋,刺激achievement成就-ness状态,性质sickness疾病kindness仁慈,好意-tion/-ation状态,行为production生产;制造explanation解释;说明-sion状态,行为admission允许进入permission许可;允许-th性质,状态,过程warmth温暖strength强项;力量-an/-ian人musician音乐家physician医生后缀含义例词-ism……主义;行业optimism乐观;乐观主义tourism旅游业-ship情况,状态,性质;身份,职业;技能relationship关系citizenship公民权musicianship音乐技能-y
状态,性质difficulty困难honesty诚实-hood时期;状态;身份childhood童年motherhood母亲身份⑤数词后缀
后缀例词-teenfourteen十四eighteen十八-tyforty四十eighty八十-thfourth第四eighth第八第一组:前缀用括号内所给词的派生词填空(1)Shenevergetsanyexercise—shemustbereally
(fit).(2)[词汇复现]Hernervousnessquickly
(appear)onceshewasonstage.(3)No,I
(agree).Idon’tthinkitwouldbetherightthingtodo.(4)—IwanttospeaktoMrFranks.—I’mafraidthat’s
(possible).(5)[2015·湖北卷]Thismeetingroomisa
(smoking)area.Iwouldliketowarnyouinadvancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined. unfitdisappeareddisagreeimpossiblenon-smoking(6)Don’t
(understand)me—Iamgratefulforallyou’vedone.(7)Hewassotiredthathefell
(sleep)athisdesk.(8)Itwasabadaccident—they’reluckytobe
(live).(9)Thestudyofsciencehas
(rich)allourlives.(10)Readingwill
(large)yourvocabulary.(11)Howdoyoufindan
(national)partnerforyourproject?(12)Wetakeallourbottlestobe
(cycle).(13)Lucyturnedonthe
(vision)towatchtheeveningnews. misunderstandasleepaliveenrichedenlargeinternationalrecycledtelevision单词拼写(14)Mycameraisfully
(自动的).(15)Thinkaboutsomethingthathappenedtoyou,a
(同事),oramemberofyourfamily.(16)Weliveina
(多元文化的)society. automaticco-workermulticultural第二组:后缀用所给词的适当形式填空(17)ForthiscourseapassinEnglishatgradeBis
(accept).(18)[词汇复现]Itisimportanttolookatthepoliticaland
(culture)contextinwhichthenovelwaswritten.(19)[2015·福建卷]Inthepicture,wecanseeaboyinwornclothes,sittingatashabby
(wood)tablewithapileofbooksonit.(20)[2019·天津卷]Personally,I’dwanttolearnabout
(west)painting.(21)[2019·江苏卷]It’sanopportunitytomakethe
(China)culturebetterknowntointernationalstudents.
acceptableculturalwoodenwesternChinese(22)Ifweknowthatgossip(流言蜚语)canbe
(harm),thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?(23)Waterhadgotintotheradio,andnowitwascompletely
(use).(24)[2017·浙江11月卷]Themostobviousthingisthatthereismuchmoreactivityinthestreetsthanina
(type)UScity.(25)[2016·全国Ⅱ卷]BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobe_________(self)bykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.(26)Shewasvery
(impress)intheinterview. harmfuluselesstypicalselfishimpressive(27)[2018·天津卷]Theforestinthedarkis
(danger)forthem.(28)[2015·天津卷]Ineedn’thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmatesherearevery
(friend)tome.(29)Heleftasapoor,workingclassboyandreturnedasa
(wealth)man.(30)Thebooksinthelibraryare
(class)accordingtosubject.(31)[2016·全国Ⅱ卷]Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecan
(broad)ourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks. (32)[2019·浙江卷]BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn’t
(realize)themedalwasmissing.
dangerousfriendlywealthyclassifiedbroadenrealized(33)[2019·全国Ⅰ卷]Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypes___________(different).(34)[2019·全国Ⅰ卷]Whatisthesecondparagraph
(main)about?(35)[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]ForWestern
(design),Chinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspiration(灵感)forWesterncreative.(36)[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]Then,whenIwasinthefifthgrade,Iwantedtobea_________(teach)becauseIlikedmyEnglish
(teach)very/somuch.(37)[2016·全国Ⅱ卷]Simonisacomedianand
(act)whohas10years’experienceofteachingcomedy.(38)[2019·江苏卷]Naomi,Melissa’sbestfriendandatalented
(piano),gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.
differentlymainlydesignersteacherteacheractorpianist(39)[2018·浙江11月卷]Cabbiesknowallthelatestnewsaboutfilmstars,theRoyalFamily,governmentleaders,andpopularsingersoractorsand
(act).(40)[2017·浙江卷]LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledouta
(hand)ofsmallcarrotsandwasabouttothrowthemaway.(41)[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]This
(develop)didnottakeplaceovernight.(42)[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]First,youneedtoevaluate(评估)yourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,your
(weak),your
(achieve),yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.(43)[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]Weareconfidentthatwecanwinthis
(compete).Butwesincerelyhopeyouwillgiveusyourguidanceand
(encourage). actresseshandfuldevelopmentweaknessesachievementscompetitionencouragement(44)[2019·江苏卷]Hefeltconcernedabouthis
(ill).(45)[2019·天津3月卷]Forthefirsttime,Icouldsee
(soft)and_________(warm)inhiseyes. (46)[2019·全国Ⅰ卷]Whatmakesthe
(invent)ofthesmartkeyboardpossible?(47)[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]Thereweretworeasonsforthe
(decide).(48)[2018·江苏卷]Theartscreatejobsthathelpdeveloptheeconomy.Anygivenperformancetakesatourbusfullofartists,technicalexperts,managers,___________(music),orwriterstocreateanappealing(有感染力的)pieceofart.
illnesssoftnesswarmthinventiondecisionmusicians(49)[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]“Ofcourse,wenoticeitwhenthesunisshining,”saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’s
(tour)office.(50)[2019·天津卷]—Mysongotafull
(scholar)tohisdreamuniversity!—Wow,goodforhim!What’shegoingtostudy?(51)[2018·浙江卷]Ihaveno
(difficult)communicatingwiththem.(52)[2019·北京卷]
(honest)isthebestpolicy.(53)[2018·浙江11月卷]Youprobablyhavebeenusingcaffeinesince___________(child).(54)[2019·北京卷]Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhis
(neighbour)arriveattheircollegeclassesontime. tourismscholarshipdifficultyHonestychildhoodneighbourhood要点二合成法
把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫合成法,由合成法构成的词叫合成词。(1)合成名词的主要构成方法①
n.+n.pineapple菠萝mankind人类eggplant茄子 ②adj.+n.greenhouse温室highway公路blackboard黑板 ③v.+n.breakwater防波堤pickpocket扒手playground操场④n.+v.sunshine阳光daybreak破晓 sunrise日出haircut理发⑤n.+v.-ingsightseeing观光handwriting书法⑥v.-ing+n.diningcar餐车waitingroom候诊室;候车室 ⑦adv.+n.inland内陆overcoat大衣⑧v.+adv.get-together联欢会breakdown破裂⑨adv.+v.outbreak爆发output产量downfall垮台income收入⑩pron.+n.he-goat公山羊she-wolf母狼⑪其他方式:well-being健康grown-up成年人brother-in-law姐/妹夫go-between中间人commander-in-chief总司令passer-by路人 (2)合成动词的主要构成方法①n.+v.sunbathe沐日光浴sleepwalk梦游②adv.+v.download下载undergo经历③
adj.+v.whitewash粉刷blacklist列入黑名单 (3)合成形容词的主要构成方法①
adj.+n.-ednoble-minded高尚的good-tempered脾气好的②
adj.+v.-inggood-looking好看的easy-going随和的③adv.+v.-inghard-working勤劳的far-reaching影响深远的④n.+v.-ingpeace-loving热爱和平的⑤n.+过去分词state-owned国营的sunburnt晒黑的⑥adv.+过去分词well-known著名的 widespread广泛流传的 ⑦adj./adv.+n.full-time全职的high-class高级的downtown市区的⑧n.+adj.ice-cold冰冷的airsick晕机的seasick晕船的carsick晕车的homesick想家的⑨num.+n.million-pound百万英镑的first-class头等的⑩num.+n.+adj.eight-year-old八岁的five-metre-long五米长的⑪num.+n.-edthree-legged三条腿的ten-storeyed10层的⑫其他方式构成的合成形容词overall全部的face-to-face面对面的all-round全面的happy-go-lucky无忧无虑的 (4)合成副词的主要构成方法①adj.+n. hotfoot匆忙地②adv.+adv. however然而③prep.+n. overnight一夜之间④prep.+adv. forever永远(5)合成介词的主要构成方法①adv.+n. outside在……外面②prep.+adv. within在……之内 完成句子第一组(1)[词汇复现]学校组织了一次郊游。有些学生带着菠萝、火腿、炸茄子以及其他食物。Theschoolorganizedanouting.Somestudentstook
,hams,fried__________andotherfoodwiththem.(2)我们为人类的幸福而努力。Welabourforthehappinessof
.pineappleseggplantsmankind(3)[2015·广东卷]萨莉走到讲台上,拿起一支粉笔,在黑板上写了:“规则一:我们是一家人!”Sallywalkedontotheplatform,pickedupapieceofchalkandwroteonthe
:“Rule1:Wearefamily!”(4)我离开操场时,孩子们的笑声还在我耳边回响。 Thechildren’slaughterwasstillringinginmyearsasIleftthe
.(5)[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]3500名居民不能同时享受阳光。The3,500residentscannotallenjoythe
atthesametime. blackboardplaygroundsunshine(6)[2017·北京卷]此外,沿江风光令人惊叹,有许多著名的观光景点。Moreover,thesceneryalongtheriverisamazing,withmanywell-known___________spots.(7)候车室的公告牌要求人们不要吸烟和随地吐痰。Noticesinthe
requestedthatyouneithersmokenorspit.(8)他把帽子和大衣放在一张椅子上。Heplacedhiscapand
onachair.(9)我在联欢会上交了许多新朋友。Imademanynewfriendsatthe
. sightseeingwaitingroomovercoatget-together(10)旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。Tourismisamajorsourceof
forthearea.(11)[2016·全国Ⅱ卷]然后走出去,制订一个计划,把你的童年记忆转化为你的成年人花园。Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyour_________garden.(12)我走进一家咖啡馆坐下,望着来往的路人。Iwentandsatinacafeandwatchedthe
. incomegrown-uppassers-by第二组(13)每天上午富兰克林都在游泳池中游泳,在池边晒太阳。Franklinswamand
atthepooleverymorning.(14)用户可以把资料下载到台式机上。Userscan
theirmaterialtoadesktopPC.(15)墙已经粉刷过了。Thewallshadbeen
.sunbatheddownloadwhitewashed第三组(16)他救了落水的朋友,这是很高尚的。Itwas
whenhesavedhisfriendfromdrowning.(17)她生性随和,人缘很好。Her
naturemadeherpopular.(18)辛勤工作的人通常有可能得到他们想要的。
peopleusuallycangetwhattheywant.(19)我认为他的演讲激励了每一个爱好和平的人。Ithinkthathisspeechinspiredevery
person. noble-mindedeasy-goingHard-workingpeace-loving(20)第二年,杰克被晒黑了,但是却对自己的生产非常满意。Thenextyear,Jackwas
butsatisfiedwithhisproductionverymuch.(21)[2017·浙江卷]著名画家威廉·威廉姆斯来看他工作。WilliamWilliams,a
painter,cametoseehimwork. (22)妈妈有一份全职工作,但她必须做大部分家务。Momhasa
job,butshehastodomostofthehousework.
sunburntwell-knownfull-time(23)[词汇复现]在我看来,这个女孩几乎对什么都“晕”。她晕车、晕船、晕机,甚至想家。Inmyview,thegirlis“sick”ofalmosteverything.Sheis
,
,_______andeven
.(24)这是一种优等葡萄酒。Thisisa
wine.(25)[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]一位90岁的老人被授予“年度最佳女性”称号,因为她是英国最年长的全职员工,每周工作40小时。A
hasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”forbeingBritain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.(26)突然,她发现了一张三条腿的小桌。Suddenlyshefoundalittle
table. carsickseasickairsickhomesickfirst-class90-year-oldthree-legged第四组(27)[2019·浙江
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