北京市通州区2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷

通州区2023—2024学年第二学期高二年级期中质量检测英语试卷本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseizedme.Mywalletwasgone.IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,whichwasnowspeedinginthedarktosome___1___station.Theheartstoppingmomentwasquicklyfollowedbymentalmath.Howmuchtimeandmoneywoulditcosttoreplacethecontentsofthatlittlewallet?Thecreditcards,thedriver’slicense,thecash,alllosttothebus.Twohourslater,backatmyhouse,Iheardaknockonthedoor.Myhusband___2___itwhileIwasonthephoneinthediningroom.“DoesJenniferlivehere?”Iheardaladysay.Inmyhusband’shandwasmywallet,withoutapennymissing.TheladyleftbeforeIcould___3___makeittothedoortooffermythanks.Aftersharingthestoryonline,Iheardfromsomeone,whoidentifiedtheladyasErinSmith.Without___4___,Icalledtothankher.Shesaidshe___5___mywalletonabusseat.Shecalculatedthatgoingtoastranger’shousewasa___6___move,butshedecidedtotakethechance.“IfIwereinthatsituation,Iwouldwantsomeonetotrytofindme.”shesaid.Thisonestrangerrespondedbeautifullytomysmall___7___butsheactuallywasn’ttheonlyone.RightafterErintookpossessionofmywalletonthebus,shepostedapictureofmydriver’slicensetoanonlineforum(论坛),tryingtoseeifanyoneknewme.NosoonerdidsheleavemydoorstepthanIhademailsfromtwowomenwhosekidsgotomyson’snurseryandwhorecognizedmyface.I’venever___8___wordswiththosemomsbeyondsmalltalk,buttheywantedtohelp.___9___,Ifeelblessedsomeonewantedtohelpastranger.Erinhadgonebeyondwhatalmostanyonewouldhavedone,findingmyhouseonabitterlycoldnight,andforthatIwasextremely_____10_____.1.A.famous B.unknown C.familiar D.convenient2.A.ignored B.interrupted C.examined D.answered3.A.still B.ever C.yet D.even4.A.delay B.question C.regret D.invitation5.A.threw B.placed C.opened D.spotted6.A.selfless B.risky C.delightful D.personal7.A.crisis B.danger C.encounter D.failure8.A.exchanged B.recalled C.whispered D.repeat9.A.Goingaway B.Turningaround C.Lookingback D.ingalong10.A.longing B.grateful C.concerned D.enthusiastic【答案】1.B2.D3.D4.A5.D6.B7.A8.A9.C10.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。作者在乘坐公交车时不小心丢失了钱包，没想到一位女士亲自上门将捡到的钱包还给了她，与此同时，其他认识但不熟悉的朋友在得知这个事情后也试图帮助她，作者不禁有着深深的感激之情。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只可能把它落在G9公共汽车上了，车子正在黑暗中加速驶向某个未知的车站。A.famous著名的；B.unknown未知的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.convenient方便的。根据前文“IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,whichwasnowspeedinginthedark”可知，作者把钱包落在公交车上了，而公交车现在还在行驶中，作者不知道车子下一站会在哪里停，所以是未知的车站。故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在餐厅打时，我丈夫开了门。A.ignored忽视；B.interrupted打断、打扰；C.examined检查；D.answered应答。根据上一句“Iheardaknockonthedoor”可知有人敲门，而本句的“it”指“door”，所以这里是丈夫去开门。answerthedoor去开门。故选D。【3题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我甚至还没来得及走到门口道谢，这位女士就离开了。A.still仍然；B.ever曾经；C.yet还、仍然；D.even甚至。根据上一句“withnotapennymissing”可知，钱包里的钱分文未少，而作者还没来得及道谢她就走了，这里应该是一种递进关系，进一步表现了这位女士做好事不图名利，用even（甚至）符合语境。故选D。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻打向她道谢。A.delay延迟；B.question问题；C.regret遗憾、后悔；D.invitation邀请。根据前文“SheleftbeforeIcouldevenmakeittothedoortooffermythanks.”可看出作者未能道谢，心中是有遗憾的，所以在知道了这位女士是谁后，立即就打致谢。withoutdelay“立即、毫不耽搁”。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她在一辆公交车的椅子上发现了我的钱包。A.threw扔；B.placed放置；C.opened打开；D.spotted发现。根据前文“IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,”可知，作者应该是把钱包落在了公交车上，所以这名女士应该是在公交车上发现了钱包后上门来交给了她。故选D。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她盘算着去一个陌生人的家里是一个冒险的举动，但她决定冒险一试。A.selfless无私的；B.risky冒险的；C.delightful令人愉快的；D.personal个人的。根据句中“takethechance”（冒险）可知，作者认为去一个陌生人的家中是有风险的。故选B。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个陌生人漂亮地处理了我的危机，但实际上，她并不是唯一一个（这样做的）。A.crisis危机；B.danger危险；C.encounter偶遇；D.failure失败。根据第二段“Howmuchtimeandmoneywoulditcosttoreplacethecontentsofthatlittlewallet?Thecreditcards,thedriver’slicense,thecash,alllosttothebus.”可知，丢了钱包会对作者造成很多困扰，引起许多不便，对她而言是一次小的危机。故选A。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了闲聊之外，我从来没有和她们说过话，但她们想帮忙。A.exchanged交流；B.recalled回忆起；C.whispered低语；D.repeated重复。根据后文“wordswiththosemomsbeyondsmalltalk”可知，作者从来没有跟那些人进行过深入交谈，此处为短语exchangewords表示“交谈”。故选A。【9题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：回首往事，我感到很幸运有人想要帮助一个陌生人。A.Goingaway离开；B.Turingaround转身；C.Lookingback回忆；D.ingalong出现。事情发生在过去，所以该处表示回忆过去，对于有人能够帮助陌生人，作者感到很幸运。故选C。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Erin做了几乎任何人都不会做的事，在一个寒冷的夜晚找到了我家，为此，我极其感激。A.longing渴望的；B.grateful感激的；C.concerned关心的；D.enthusiastic热情的。根据第四段“Icalledtothankher.”并结合本句句意可知，作者对Erin的善行是非常感激的。故选B。第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Mostpeoplebelievewhentheylivefortablyandearnenoughmoney,theywillhaveworries.However,mostpeopleneverfeelthey____11____(earn)enough.JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle,andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree.Arethereanythingshemissesfromhispast?“No,I’mmuchhappiernow,____12____Iamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.Success____13____(measure)notbyhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.”【答案】11.haveearned12.because13.ismeasured【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。大多数人相信，当他们生活舒适，赚到足够钱，他们就不会有烦恼。然而，杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他认为衡量成功的标准不是你有多少钱，而是你如何理解生命的真正意义。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：然而，大多数人从来没有觉得他们已经挣得足够多。earn是谓语动词，此处表示现在的结果，用现在完成时，主语是复数，故填haveearned。【12题详解】考查连词。句意：不，我现在快乐多了，因为我按照自己的价值观生活。根据语境，前后句子是因果关系，故填because。【13题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：衡量成功的标准不是你有多少钱，而是你如何理解生命的真正意义。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语和动词measure是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是不可数名词，be动词应用is，故填ismeasured。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。ChineseNewYearPaintingisaspecialChineseartform.Usuallyitisputonwalls,doorsorwindows.AsSpringFestival____14____(arrive),manyfamiliesputupNewYearPaintingsasawishtohavegoodluckand____15____(happy).TherearedifferentsubjectsinNewYearPaintings,suchasbabies,flowersandbirds.TheearliestNewYearPaintingappearedintheTangDynastyandwasattachedtothedoor____16____(keep)thefamilysafe.TodayNewYearPaintingsarestillpopularinsomeruralareasofChina.【答案】14.arrives15.happiness16.tokeep【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国年画及其相关信息。【14题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着春节的到来，许多家庭挂上年画，希望有好运和幸福。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是SpringFestival，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填arrives。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：随着春节的到来，许多家庭挂上年画，希望有好运和幸福。根据并列连词and前goodluck可知，用名词形式作宾语。故填happiness。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最早的年画出现在唐代，被贴在门上，以保证家人的安全。这里用不定式表示目的或意图，即为了保证家庭的安全。故填tokeep。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。XuBeihong(18951953)wasimportantinmodernChinesefolkart.Duringhislifetime,hedevelopedthetraditionofbiningpoetrywithpainting.Between1933and1940,he____17____(hold)severalexhibitionsinAsiaandEuropetopromoteChineseart.Acrossthispainting____18____(name)RacingHorse,wecanseeahorserunningatahighspeed____19____amissile(导弹)acrossthesky.Ontheleftandrightsideofthepainting,Xuclearlydrewinblackinktoshowthe____20____(move)haironthehorse’smane(鬃毛)andtail.Thepaintingofdarkandlightcolorsisafavoriteofmanyartlovers.【答案】17.held18.named19.like20.moving【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了徐悲鸿的作品《赛马》。【17题详解】考查动词时态。句意：1933年至1940年间，他在亚洲和欧洲举办了几次展览，以推广中国艺术。根据时间状语Between1933and1940可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填held。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这幅名为《赛马》的画作中，我们可以看到一匹像导弹一样高速奔跑的马。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词thispainting与name之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填named。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：在这幅名为《赛马》的画作中，我们可以看到一匹像导弹一样高速奔跑的马。名词amissile前用介词形式，表示“像”，应用介词like。故填like。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这幅画的左右两侧，徐用黑色墨水清晰地画出了马的鬃毛和尾巴上移动的毛发。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词hair与move之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，表示这些毛发在运动中的飘动状态。故填moving。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThesummervacationisdrawingnear.Herewehavepreparedavisualfeastforourboysandgirls.Let’sfeastoureyesfirst.JurassicWorldDominionItisthefinalfilminthesecondtrilogyofdinomovies,andit’sthefirstonewhichreallydeservestobecalled“JurassicWorld”ratherthan“JurassicPark”.Yes,prehistoricdinosaursareoutandaboutinthewildthistime,ratherthanbeingstuckinathemepark.Director:ColinTrevorrowOfficialpetitionCruzandBanderashavebeentwoofSpanishcinema’sfamoussuperstarsfordecades,andyethaveonlyrarelyactedonthescreentogether.Now,onceagain,thatwronghasbeenrightedbyOfficialpetition.CruzisanarthousedirectorwhoisadaptingaNobelPrizewinningnovelinthefilm.BanderasplaysadullHollywoodactionherowhoishiredtostarinit.Director:MarianoCohn&GastonDupratBrianandCharlesNotatypicalsciencefictionmovie,BrianandCharlesisalowbudget,lowkeyBritishedystarringandcowrittenbyDavidEarl,aregularinRickyGervais’ssits.“BrianandCharlesisthisyear’ssweetestfilmbyacountrymile,”saysCory.“It’slikeEdgarWright’sTheMightyBooshprojectthrownintoacottoncandymachine,anditisalsooneofthemostsurprisingfilmsaboutbeingaparent,evenwhenyoursonisa7feettallrobotwholovescabbages.”Director:JimArcherLightyearAfterfourToyStoryfilms,everyone’sfavouritespacerangeractionfigure,BuzzLightyear,getstoleaveWoodyandfriendsbehind,andgooffonanadventureonhisown.Orsoyoumightassumeso.Infact,thelatestPixarcartoonisn’taboutthetoy.Director:AngusMacLane21.WhichofthefollowingisrightaboutJurassicWorldDominion?A.Itisthesamewithotheronesabout“JurassicPark”.B.Dinosaursinthefilmliveinthenature.C.Dinosaursareindangerinthefilm.D.Itisthelastfilmoftheseriesfilms.22.InthefilmOfficialpetition,whatdoesCruzdo?A.Afamoussuperstar. B.Anactionhero. C.Adirector. D.Anovelist.23.Whichfilmisacartoon?A.JurassicWorldDominion. B.Officialpetition.C.BrianandCharles. D.Lightyear.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四部值得观看的电影。【21题详解】细节理解题。由JurassicWorldDominion中“Yes,prehistoricdinosaursareoutandaboutinthewildthistime,ratherthanbeingstuckinathemepark.(是的，史前恐龙这次是在野外活动，而不是被困在主题公园里)”可知，在电影JurassicWorldDominion中，恐龙生活在大自然中，B项正确。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由Officialpetition中“CruzisanarthousedirectorwhoisadaptingaNobelPrizewinningnovelinthefilm.(Cruz是一位艺术工作室的导演，他在电影中改编了一部诺贝尔奖获奖小说)”可知，Cruz在电影Officialpetition中是一位导演。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。由Lightyear中“Infact,thelatestPixarcartoonisn’taboutthetoy.(事实上，皮克斯最新的动画片并不是关于玩具的)”可知，电影Lightyear是动画片。故选D项。BWillyougoonthisridewithme?”myfriend’selevenyearolddaughterJennyasked.Shestaredattheride,eagertoexperiencethesameexcitementasthebravegroupofridersinfrontofus.Icouldn’tsayno.Afterclimbingintoourseats,anattendantreachedup,pulleddownthebar,andlockeditinplace.Therideliftedusslowly,thenturnedusoverliketheblueberrypancakesIhadeatenthreehoursearlier,andhopedtokeepintheirproperplace.AsIstaredattheconcretedirectlybelowus,Ihadasuddenfeelingofgreatfear.IwonderedifIhadreplacementcoverage(保险)forthephonethatIwassurewouldslipoutofmypocketandbreakintoamilliontinypieces.Iwonderedwhenmynewhealthinsurancewouldkickin.Theridetoucheddownaftertwistingandturningourbodies.Myfriendwaswaitingforusattheexit.“Howwasit?”sheasked.“Fine.Nobigdeal,”Isaid,eventhoughmyheadwasspinning(旋转)likeoneoftheotherannoyingmachinesdottingthemidway.Jennywalkedaheadofusandconvincedmetokeeptakingchancesandsamplemorerides“Oh,lookatthepirateship(海盗船)!”shesaid.“Thatlookslikeacalmride.”“Let’sgo,Auntie!”shesaidassherushedtojoinothersinline.Ifollowedher,feelingconfidenttheridewouldbeuneventful.WhenIreachedthebottom,ItappedoutlikeaWWFwrestleradmittingdefeat.Althoughmybodywasshakingandmyheadwasstillspinning,IfeltexhilaratedjustlikeIwasonthetopoftheworld.Thatmorning,Isetagoal,tookmyfirststeptoreachit,andfeltthejoyofachievement.Eachtimeyoutrysomethingforthefirsttime,youwillgrow—alittlepieceofthefearoftheunknownisremovedandreplacedwithasenseofsatisfaction.24.WhatmadetheauthordecidetotryridingwithJenny?A.TheeagernessinJenny’seyes.B.Thecuriosityabouttheunknown.C.Theencouragementfromotherriders.D.Thedesiretoexperiencesomethingexciting.25.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenshewasinthehighsky?A.Shelostherphone. B.Shegotintoapanic.C.Shewasservedpancakes. D.Shealmostfellofftheseat.26.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterreachingthebottomfromtheride?A.Relaxed. B.Confused. C.Excited. D.Disappointed.27.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Hewhohesitatesislost.B.It’snevertoolatetolearn.C.Lifeislikeridingapirateship.D.It’sworthwhiletotrysomethingnew.【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过描述作者与朋友的女儿Jenny在游乐园的经历，展现了作者面对新事物（游乐园的游乐设施）的紧张、恐惧以及最终克服这些情绪并享受其中的过程的经历。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段““Willyougoonthisridewithme?”myfriend’selevenyearolddaughterJennyasked.Shestaredattheride,eagertoexperiencethesameexcitementasthebravegroupofridersinfrontofus.Icouldn’tsayno.(“你愿意和我一起去吗？”我朋友11岁的女儿Jenny问。她盯着过山车，渴望体验和我们前面那群勇敢的玩家一样的兴奋。我无法拒绝。)”可知，Jenny眼中对过山车的渴望让作者决定和Jenny一起坐过山车。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AsIstaredattheconcretedirectlybelowus,Ihadasuddenfeelingofgreatfear.IwonderedifIhadreplacementcoverage(保险)forthephonethatIwassurewouldslipoutofmypocketandbreakintoamilliontinypieces.Iwonderedwhenmynewhealthinsurancewouldkickin.(当我盯着我们正下方的混凝土时，我突然感到非常害怕。我想知道我是否有的更换保险，因为我确信会从口袋里滑出来，摔成无数个小碎片。我想知道我的新健康保险什么时候生效。)”可知，作者在高空时感到惊慌失措，非常害怕。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“WhenIreachedthebottom,ItappedoutlikeaWWFwrestleradmittingdefeat.Althoughmybodywasshakingandmyheadwasstillspinning,IfeltexhilaratedjustlikeIwasonthetopoftheworld. Thatmorning,Isetagoal,tookmyfirststeptoreachit,andfeltthejoyofachievement.(当我到达底部时，我就像一个世界摔跤联合会选手承认失败一样倒下了。虽然我身体在颤抖，我的头还在旋转，但我感到兴奋，就像我站在世界之巅一样。那天早上，我设定了一个目标，迈出了实现目标的第一步，感受到了成功的喜悦。)”可知，当作者到达底部时感到非常兴奋。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Eachtimeyoutrysomethingforthefirsttime,youwillgrow—alittlepieceofthefearoftheunknownisremovedandreplacedwithasenseofsatisfaction.(每次你第一次尝试某件事，你都会成长——对未知的一点点恐惧会被消除，取而代之的是一种满足感。)”以及全文内容可知，故事讲述了作者与Jenny一起尝试游乐园中的游乐设施的经历，作者虽然最初感到害怕和紧张，但最终还是克服了这些情绪并享受了其中的乐趣。这表明故事传达的信息是尝试新事物是值得的。故选D。CStudyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou’restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion“whyishistoryimportant”isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopenmindedtotheevolution(演变)ofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbeemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic(具有共情能力的).Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight(洞察力)intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance(无知).We’rescaredofthethingsthatwedon’tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.What’sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It’salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19recenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens’OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon’thavetoliveinthepast,butwecandefinitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.28.Peoplecangetasenseofculturalbelongingbystudyinghistoryand_______.A.thinkingaboutthemeaningofitB.acceptingthedevelopmentofcultureC.analyzinghowtheygettothepresentstateD.reflectingontheirsocialandeconomiclife29.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph4?A.Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.B.Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C.Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.D.Historyhelpsusimproveourcrossculturalawareness.30Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoBuildCulturalIdentity B.WhyStudyingHistoryMattersC.KnowthePast,KnowthePresent D.History:aWaytoBroadenHorizons【答案】28.B29.D30.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“为什么历史是重要的”这一主题进行阐述，列举了多个理由来支持这一观点，如历史可以让我们了解自己的根源、丰富我们的经验、使我们更具共情能力、激发我们学习更多等。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopenmindedtotheevolution(演变)ofyourculturecanprovide.(许多人觉得他们需要一种文化归属感，这是研究你的根源和对你的文化演变持开放态度所能提供的。)”可知，文化归属感是可以通过学习历史，和接受文化演变获得的。故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Historymakesusmoreempathetic(具有共情能力的).Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight(洞察力)intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance(无知).We’rescaredofthethingsthatwedon’tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.(历史让我们更具有共情能力的。研究历史可以让我们洞察为什么我们的文化会做某些事情，以及过去是如何将其塑造成我们现在所知道的样子。它也为跨文化的同理心提供了相当坚实的基础。对他人的恐惧和憎恨通常是由于无知造成的。我们害怕我们不了解的东西。历史有可能打破这些界限，让我们洞悉整个世界，否则我们就会感到陌生。)”可知，通过了解其他文化的历史，我们可以更好地欣赏他们的价值观和传统，这反过来又有助于我们克服文化障碍并减少冲突。这表明，当我们面对来自不同文化背景的人时，通过了解他们的历史，我们更有能力去理解和尊重他们的观点和习俗。因此，可以得出结论，历史有助于我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Ifyou’restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion“whyishistoryimportant”isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.(如果你正在学习历史，问自己“为什么历史很重要”是很好的第一步。历史是人类文明的重要组成部分。你会在这里找到一些能引起你兴趣的东西，或者让你思考历史的重要性。)”、最后一段“Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon’thavetoliveinthepast,butwecandefinitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.(历史的价值不可低估。我们不必活在过去，但我们可以通过从中吸取教训，过更有意义的生活，做得更好。)”以及全文内容可知，这篇文章讨论了学习历史的重要性，并提供了为什么它是有价值的几个原因。选项B“WhyStudyingHistoryMatters(为什么学习历史很重要)”抓住了文本的主要焦点，即解释为什么学习历史是重要的。故选B。DAccordingtoanewAgricultureDepartmentreport,U.S.forestscouldexacerbateglobalwarmingbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanetwarminggasesastheygetolder.Thereportpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartdecliningafter2025andthatforestscouldreleaseupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissions(排放)fromdecaying(腐烂的)treesgobeyondtheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbeea“substantialcarbonsource”by2070,theUSDAreportsays.Thelossofcarbonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires,tornadoesandhurricanes,whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thedisastersdestroyforestland,destroyingtheirecosystemanddecreasingtheirabilitytoabsorbcarbon,accordingtoLynnRiley,aseniormanagerofclimatescienceattheAmericanForestFoundation.Agingforestsalsocontribute.Thereportfoundthatolder,maturetreesabsorblesscarbonthanyoungertreesofthesamespecies,andU.S.forestsarerapidlyaging.Thistrendislikelytocontinue,asforestseunderincreasingthreatfromclimatechangeandexploitation(开采).Thetypicaltropical(热带的)forestmaybeeacarbonsourcebythe2060s,accordingtoSimonLewis,professorintheschoolofgeographyatLeedsUniversity.“Humanshavebeenluckysofar,astropicalforestsarecleaninguplotsofourpollution,buttheycan’tkeepdoingthatindefinitely,”hesaid.“Weneedtocutdownfossilfuelemissionsbeforetheglobalcarboncyclestartsworkingagainstus.”U.S.forestscurrentlyabsorb11percentofU.S.carbonemissions,or150millionmetrictonsofcarbonayear,equaltothebinedemissionsfrom40coalpowerplants,accordingtothereport.ThelossofforestsasnaturalcarbonabsorberswillrequiretheU.S.tocutemissionsmorerapidlytoreachnetzero.“Asweworktodecarbonize(碳减排),forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourhandling.Ifweweretolosethat,itmeanswewillcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions.”Rileysaid.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Relieve. B.Worsen. C.Address. D.Measure.32.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thekeyroleofforestsintheecosystem.B.Theconsequencesoffrequentnaturaldisasters.C.Theimpactofrisingglobaltemperaturesonforests.D.Thereasonsforforests’decliningabilitytoabsorbcarbon.33.WhatdoesSimonLewissuggest?A.Reducingfossilfuelemissions. B.Dealingwithdecayingtreesintime.C.Plantingyoungertreesonalargescale. D.Limitingtheexploitationofforestresources.34.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Tostressthesignificanceofforests.B.Tooffersuggestionsonforestmanagement.C.TopresenttheeffortstheU.S.hasmadetoreachnetzero.D.Toshowtheincreasingcarbonemissionsfromcoalpowerplants.【答案】31.B32.D33.A34.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国农业部的一份新报告称森林在未来可能会加剧全球变暖，而非缓解全球变暖，到2070年，森林甚至可能会成为主要的碳排放者。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“becausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanetwarminggasesastheygetolder.(因为它们正在受到自然灾害的破坏，并且随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收地球变暖气体的能力)”可知，森林受到自然灾害的破坏，且吸收温室气体的能力随着年龄在下降，所以可推知美国的森林可能会加剧全球变暖，划线词的意思为“加剧，使恶化”。故选B。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thelossofcarbonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires,tornadoesandhurricanes,whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thedisastersdestroyforestland,destroyingtheirecosystemanddecreasingtheirabilitytoabsorbcarbon,accordingtoLynnRiley,aseniormanagerofclimatescienceattheAmericanForestFoundation.Agingforestsalsocontribute.Thereportfoundthatolder,maturetreesabsorblesscarbonthanyoungertreesofthesamespecies,andU.S.forestsarerapidlyaging.(碳吸收的减少在一定程度上是由野火、龙卷风和飓风等自然灾害造成的，随着全球气温的上升，这些自然灾害的频率和强度都在增加。美国森林基金会气候科学高级经理LynnRiley表示，这些灾难破坏了林地，破坏了其生态系统，降低了其吸收碳的能力。老化的森林也起到了推波助澜的作用。报告发现，年龄较大、成熟的树木吸收的碳比同一物种的年轻树木少，美国的森林正在迅速老化)”可知，本段主要列举了几个导致森林吸收碳能力减少的原因，如自然灾害、森林老化等。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Weneedtocutdownfossilfuelemissionsbeforetheglobalcarboncyclestartsworkingagainstus.(我们需要在全球碳循环开始对我们不利之前减少化石燃料的排放)”可知，SimonLewis建议减少化石燃料排放。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“U.S.forestscurrentlyabsorb11percentofU.S.carbonemissions,or150millionmetrictonsofcarbonayear,equaltothebinedemissionsfrom40coalpowerplants,accordingtothereport.ThelossofforestsasnaturalcarbonabsorberswillrequiretheU.S.tocutemissionsmorerapidlytoreachnetzero.“Asweworktodecarbonize(碳减排),forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourhandling.Ifweweretolosethat,itmeanswewillcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions.”Rileysaid.(根据这份报告，美国森林目前吸收了美国11%的碳排放量，即每年1.5亿吨碳，相当于40座燃煤电厂的总排放量。森林作为天然碳吸收器的损失将要求美国更快地减少排放，以达到净零排放。“在我们努力脱碳的过程中，森林是我们处理的最好工具之一。如果我们失去了这一点，这意味着我们将贡献更多的排放。”莱利说)”可知，森林在吸收碳方面起着重要作用，如果森林消失，意味着对排放量有非常高的要求，故本段主要是在强调森林的重要性。故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ahealthylifestyleisonethatisfullofhealthychoicesandbehavior.Ithelpsyoukeepphysicalandmentalhealthandhelpsyoulivelonger.Generallyspeaking,thefactorsthatcontributetoahealthylifestylemayincludephysicalactivity,ahealthydiet,lowstressandhealthyhabits._____35________36___Ithelpstoreduceyourriskofdiseases,suchascancer,anddiabetes,andhelpsyoucontrolyourweight.Inchildren,physicalactivityalsobuildsconfidence.Aspartofahealthylifestyle,adultsshouldtakepartinmoderate(适度的)tointenseaerobicexercisesandmusclestrengtheningactivitiesregularly.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionremendsatleast150minutesofaerobicactivityperweek,suchaswalking,bicycling,playingtennis.swimmingoraerobics.Eatingahealthydietcanhelpyoupreventdiseaseandkeepahealthyweight.Thismeanseatingarangeofwholefoodsfromthedifferentfoodgroups.Overall,ahealthydietishighinplantbasedfoodsandlowinsugaryandhighfatfoods.Meatcanbepartofahealthydietifitiseateninmoderation._____37_____Althoughstressisanaturalhumanreactiondesignedtokeepyououtofdanger,therearenegativehealthconsequencestodealingwithlongtermstress.___38___Inordertomanageyourstress,youneedtolearnwhatcausesitandhowyoucandealwithit.Waystodealwithunavoidablestressincludeexerciseandtalkingtofamilyorfriends.Ahealthylifestyleincludeshealthyhabits.Thismeansprotectingyourskinfromthesun,gettingregularhealthcheckupsandavoidingsubstanceabuse.Smokingandtobaccouseareunhealthybecausetheyincreaseyourriskofdiseasessuchascancerandheartdisease.____39____.Itcandamageyourliver,causecancerandhurtlovedones.A.Yourlifestyleshouldsupportahealthyweight,soremainactivedaily.B.Thesefactorshelpreducetheriskofdiseasesandincreaseyourqualityoflife.C.Foralongerandbetterlife,puttogetheryourplanforahealthylifestyle.D.Eatingaw