湘豫名校2024-2025学年高三上学期9月新高考适应性调研考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湘豫名校2024-2025学年高三上学期9月新高考适应性调研考试英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15．B．£9.18．C．£9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.WhendidMrSmithexpectthemantocall?A.Before10:15. B.Before10:30. C.Before10:45.〖答案〗B【原文】M:Hasanythingimportantcomeupyet?W:Yes,MrSmithcalledaboutfifteenminutesago.Heaskedmetohaveyoucallhimbefore10:30ifit’sconvenientforyou.2.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gobackhome. B.Takeoffhiscoat. C.Turnonthelights.〖答案〗A【原文】W:Lookatthewindtoday.IwishI’dtakenanextracoatwithme.M:I’llgetyouone.IjustrealizedthatIforgottoturnoffthelightsandIhavetogohomefirst.3.Whatistheman?A.Adriver. B.Amodel. C.Asalesman.〖答案〗C【原文】W:Hi,there!I’mlookingforanewcar.IhavethisoldonethatIwouldliketotradein.M:Isee.Youareinluckthismonthbecauseallofourmodelsareonsale!4.Whydoesthewomanwanttoloseweight?A.Tokeephealthy.B.Totakeweddingphotographs.C.Toattendherfriend’swedding.〖答案〗C【原文】M:Sally,youlookquitehealthy.Whyareyoustilltryingtoloseweight?W:Well,myfriendisgettingmarriednextmonth.Ihavetofitintomydressandlookniceforherwedding!5.Whereisthewomangoing?A.Thepark. B.Theoffice. C.Thesupermarket.〖答案〗B【原文】M:Hi!Haveyoujustmovedin?MynameisPeter.Ilivejustnextdoor.Nicetomeetyou.W:Nicetomeetyou,too.I’mLucy.Iguesswe’llseeeachotheroftenthen.I’mgoingtotheofficenow.Seeyou.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Motherandson. C.Brotherandsister.7.Whatcausedthedeathofthegoldfishprobably?A.Toomuchfishfood. B.Thesmallfishbowl. C.Lackofwater.〖答案〗6.B7.A【原文】W:Baby,whyareyoucrying?M:Mygoldfishdied.W:Oh,that’ssosad.I’mhereforyou,darling.M:Ilovedhersomuch.Goldiealwaysswamuptomeandblewmekisses.W:Wouldyouliketogetanothergoldfish,honey?Afterall,youstillhaveagoldfishbowlandplentyoffishfood.M:Oh,Iranoutoffishfood.W:Ithoughtyourdadboughtsomelastweek.M:Daddid.ButIfedGoldiethewholeboxforherbirthdaypresent.W:Nowondershedied.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatdoesthemanshowtothewoman?A.Hisvisa. B.HisIDcard. C.Hispassport.9.Wheredoesthemanwanttosit?A.Bythewindow.B.Bytheemergencyexit.C.Inthefrontoftheplane.10.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Carrylessluggage.B.Checkhisluggagein.C.Takehisluggagewithhim.〖答案〗8.C9.B10.C【原文】W:Hello.Whereareyouheadingtoday?M:I’mofftoTokyoforaweek.W:Doyouhaveyourpassportwithyou?M:Yes,hereyouare.Idon’tneedavisatogotoJapan,doI?W:Fortunatelyforyou,youdon’t.Wouldyoulikeawindowseat?M:Arethereanyseatsavailablebytheemergencyexits?W:Letmesee...Yesthere’soneleftinthebackoftheplane.M:OK,I’lltakeitthen.W:Allright.Howmanypiecesofluggageareyoucheckingin?M:IliketotravellightsoIjusthavethisone.W:Ifthat’syouronlypieceofluggage,itissmallenoughtocarryonwithyou.Here’syourboardingpass.Enjoyyourflight!听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Haveajog. B.Playbadminton. C.Gotowork.12.Whatdidthespeakersbuyyesterday?A.Sportswear. B.Joggingshoes. C.Caps.13.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Coachandathlete. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Husbandandwife.〖答案〗11.A12.B13.C【原文】M:Wakeup,darling.W:Whatfor?It’sonly6o’clockinthemorning.M:Didyouforget?Wearegoingforjogging.W:Soearly.Iamstillsosleepy.M:Getoutofyourbed.Don’tbreakouragreementonthefirstday.W:WhatshallIputon?M:Sportswearandjoggingshoes.W:Idon’thavejoggingshoes.M:Yes,youdo.Weboughtthemyesterday.W:Wedid?Oh,look!It’srainingoutside.Wecan’tgojoggingthismorning.M:Itisn’trainingoutsideandwearegoingforjoggingthismorning.Comeon.Getdressed.W:But...M:Nobuts.It’llbegoodforyourhealth.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.Howmanybiologylectureswillthemanattendeveryweek?A.Five. B.Three. C.Two.15.Whydidthemanmissthemeetingforthenewstudents?A.Hehadtodoapart-timejob.B.Hewasnotinformedofitbyanyone.C.Hewasbusywiththegroupdiscussion.16.Whatistherequiredattendancerateforastudenttoearnthescholarship?A.Atleast80%. B.90%orabove. C.100%.17.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasworktodointheafternoon.B.Hethinksthetimeofthelectureistooearly.C.Heisanewteacheronbiologyintheuniversity.〖答案〗14.C15.B16.B17.A【原文】M:Hello,I’manewstudentonbiology.CanIknowsomeinformationaboutthecourses?W:Well,Ilectureonthatprogram.Whatdoyouneedtoknow?M:I’dliketoknowhowmanylecturesaweekIhavetoattend.W:Twolecturesaweek,onTuesdayandThursday.Besides,there’sonegroupdiscussioneveryFriday.M:Sowhattime?W:Letmesee...Youshouldhaveknownthisinformationyesterday,atthemeetingforthenewstudents.M:Oh,wasthereameetingyesterday?Ididn’tknowaboutthat…Noonementioned…W:Nevermind.Nowlecturesareatfourintheafternoon.M:Four’sabitlate.I’vegotapart-timejobthatstartsatfourthirty.W:Well,butattendanceatlecturesisnecessary.Weexpectatleast80%attendanceatthisuniversity,youknow.M:80%!That’shigh.W:ButI’mafraidyouhavetomeetthatrequirement.Otherwise,youcan’tgetenoughcreditstograduate.Andwhat’smore,ifyouwanttoearnthescholarship,90%attendancerateoraboveisamust.M:OK,Isee.Thankyouforyourinformation.W:You’rewelcome.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whatwillthelistenersvisitfirst?A.SeaWorld. B.TheSanAntonioZoo. C.Museums.19.WhatcanthelistenersvisitindowntownSanAntonio?A.Afamouspark. B.Anoldchurch. C.Azoo.20.Whenwillthelistenersgetonthebus?A.30minuteslater. B.2hourslater. C.3hourslater.〖答案〗18.C19.B20.C【原文】Attention,everyone.WeareinSanAntonio,asmallcityintheStateofTexas.Itisaninterestingcity,becauseinthiscitywecandomanythings.Firstofall,wewillvisitmuseums,suchasachildren’smuseum,andamuseumofnaturalscience.Ifyou’reinterestedinanimals,youcanvisitSeaWorld,afamouspark.YoucanalsovisittheSanAntonioZoo,whichhasmanydifferentkindsofanimals,allintheirnaturalhabitats.TherearealsomanythingstodoindowntownSanAntonio.Thereisabeautifuloldchurch,andyoucanalsovisittheRiverWalk,awonderfulcanalthatcrossesthroughdowntown.Youcangodownitinaboat,orwalkalongit.Alongthewayyoucanlistentobeautifulmusicandeatmanydifferentkindsoffood,mostlyMexican,butalsoItalianandChinesefood.SanAntonioisreallyaninterestingcity.Enjoyyourselves!Wewillgetonthebusthreehourslater.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFeldkirchmarksthewesternmostpointofAustria,rightontheborderofSwitzerlandandLiechtenstein.ItisyourarchetypepostcardprettyAustriantownwithawell-preservedoldtownthathasremainedunchangedforcenturies.BestthingstodoinFeldkirchCoolarchitecture—MontforthausFeldkirchIfyou’reanarchitecturefan,youwillloveVorarlbergandespeciallytheMontforthausinFeldkirch.OntheedgeofthetownandunderthewatchfulgazeoftheSchattenburgCastleliestheMontforthauswithitsbeautifulroundedfrontwalls.Itisafantasticbuildingthatreallyintegrateswellwithitsmedieval(中世纪的)surroundingsthankstothelargeglassfront.Climbtothetop—SchattenburgCastleandMuseumTogetaniceperspectiveofthecity,weclimbeduptothemedievalSchattenburgCastle,theonce-upon-a-timeresidenceoftheDukeofMontfort.Housingarestaurant,thecastlealsofeaturesamuseum.Thebestpartisthefullviewofthecityfromtherooftopgallery.WheretoeatinFeldkirchLunchatLaBottegadelGustoLocatedintheheartoftheoldtownisalittlesliceofItalianheaven.TheownerandchefNicoisamanoffewwordsandthereisnosetmenuhere.Themenuissimplewithafewsuggestions—everythingwetastedherewasdelicious.For€9.95for2coursesincludingaglassofwine,thisisacrackingbargain.DinneratRestaurantKantineIfyouarealoverofstone-bakedthinNapolitanstylepizza,youwillloveKantine-bestpizzainthearea.Theappetisersarereallygood,especiallytheroastedcauliflowerintheoven·verytasty.21.WhichcountrydoesFeldkirchbelongto?A.Australia. B.Switzerland. C.Liechtenstein. D.Austria.22.WhichisoneofthebestthingstodoinFeldkirch?A.Wanderingthewell-preservedoldtowndistrict.B.ExperiencingthelifeoftheDukeofMontfort.C.MountingtheSchattenburgCastleforthefullview.D.ExploringthearchitectureoftheSchattenburgCastle.23.WhatcanwelearnabouteatinginFeldkirch?A.WecantryItaliancuisineatLaBottegadelGusto.B.Wecansamplethestone-bakedcauliflower.C.WecancookatthemedievalSchattenburgCastle.D.Wecanenjoy2courseswith€9.95atRestaurantKantine.〖答案〗21.D22.C23.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐奥地利最西端的城市Feldkirch一些好玩好吃的地方。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“FeldkirchmarksthewesternmostpointofAustria,rightontheborderofSwitzerlandandLiechtenstein.(费尔德基希标志着奥地利的最西端，就在瑞士和列支敦士登的边界上)”可知，Feldkirch是位于奥地利最西端的城市。故选D。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据Climbtothetop—SchattenburgCastleandMuseum部分中“Togetaniceperspectiveofthecity,weclimbeduptothemedievalSchattenburgCastle,theonce-upon-a-timeresidenceoftheDukeofMontfort.Housingarestaurant,thecastlealsofeaturesamuseum.Thebestpartisthefullviewofthecityfromtherooftopgallery.(为了更好地欣赏这座城市，我们爬上了中世纪的沙滕堡城堡，这里曾经是蒙福特公爵的住所。城堡里有餐厅，也有博物馆。最棒的是从屋顶画廊可以看到整个城市的全景)”可知，攀登SchatteburgCastle可以提供城市的全景视角，是Feldkirch的一个最佳推荐活动。故选C。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据LunchatLaBottegadelGusto部分中“LocatedintheheartoftheoldtownisalittlesliceofItalianheaven.TheownerandchefNicoisamanoffewwordsandthereisnosetmenuhere.Themenuissimplewithafewsuggestions—everythingwetastedherewasdelicious.For€9.95for2coursesincludingaglassofwine,thisisacrackingbargain.(坐落在老城区中心的是意大利天堂的一小片。老板兼厨师Nico是个沉默寡言的人，这里没有固定菜单。菜单很简单，只有一些建议——我们在这里吃的每样东西都很好吃。两道菜加一杯酒只要9.95欧元，真是太划算了)”可知，我们可以在LaBottegadelGusto品尝意大利菜。故选A。BAfrica-bound!Andonlysevenhoursleftofa19-hourflightbeforeIwouldarriveinSouthAfricaformythirdvolunteertripinthreeyears.Butthistimeitwasdifferent.I’dbetherealoneforawholeyear,withoutfriendsorfamily.Plus,IhadonechallengeothervolunteersfightingAIDSinAfricadidn’thave—Iwasinawheelchair.Ateightyearsold,Iwasparalyzed(瘫痪的)fromthewaistdowninacaraccident.Ispentmonthsinahospital,learninghowtouseawheelchair,howtogetupfromthefloorandhowtodressmyself.Basicallyhowtolivemylifeasindependentlyaspossible.Aftergraduationfromcollege,Imadeayear-longcommitmenttoLilyoftheValleyChildren’sVillage,outsideMophela,SouthAfrica,where90percentofthechildrenareinfectedwithHIV.Iwouldseetothekids’medicalneedsandteachmathandEnglish.Thosefirstfewweekswerehard,harderthananythingIhaddonebefore.Iforcedmyselftokeeptrying.Ineededtoprovemyself.ButhowcouldItellifIwasdoinganygood?Onenight,abigstormhit.Irolledoutofmycottagethenextmorningandmychairlurched(突然倾斜),thewheelssinkingintomud.Igraspedthewheelstightandpushedhard.Thechairwouldn’tmove.Allofmyworstworriesseemedtobecomingtrue.Iwasstuck,hopelesslystuck.Outofthecornerofmyeye,Isawchildrenrunningtowardme.Twooftheoldestgrabbedthehandlebarsandtheotherspushedmeforward.Thewheelscamefree.Thekidsshoutedwithdelight.WhenIsaid“Thankyou!”,theylaughed,“Youhelpus.Wehelpyou.”Thatechoedinmyearsallday.Thenextmorning,thekidswerewaitingtopushmethroughthemudtohomeworkclub.Andthedayafterthat,itbecameourlittleroutine.Themoretheyhelpedme,theeasieritgottohelpthem.ThekidsandIbonded.Iwasn’taloneduringmyyearinAfrica.Notatall.IhadreachedouttothepeopleIwasassisting,andthey,inturn,becamemysupport.Iwasaware,morethanever,thatanyone,eveninawheelchair,canmakeadifference.24.Whatwastheauthor’suniquechallengeduringthisvolunteerexperience?A.Overcomingphysicallimitations.B.Adaptingtoanewculturalenvironment.C.Managingalong-termsolocommitment.D.Dealingwiththeharshweatherconditions.25.HowdidtheauthorfeelinthefirstfewweeksinSouthAfrica?A.Disappointedandwantingtogiveup.B.Satisfiedwiththeprogressmade.C.Uncertainabouttheeffectivenessofhishelp.D.Frustratedbythechildren’slackofcooperation.26.Whatwastheturningpointintheauthor’srelationshipwiththechildren?A.Thechildren’svoluntaryassistance.B.Theauthor’sinitialarrivalinthevillage.C.Theauthor’sfirstteachingsession.D.Theauthor’sstrugglewiththewheelchair.27.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thestruggleofadaptingtoanewenvironment.B.Thetransformativepowerofmutualsupport.C.Thechallengesoflivingwithaphysicaldisability.D.Theimpactofeducationonunderprivilegedchildren.〖答案〗24.A25.C26.A27.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者虽然身有残疾，需要坐轮椅，但是在南非的志愿服务中通过与孩子们的互助，实现了自我价值并深刻体会到了人与人之间相互支持的力量。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Plus,IhadonechallengeothervolunteersfightingAIDSinAfricadidn’thave—Iwasinawheelchair.(此外，我还有一个其他在非洲抗击艾滋病的志愿者没有的挑战——我坐在轮椅上)”可知，作者在南非的志愿者经历中，特殊的挑战是他的身体残疾，这与其他人相比是一个额外的障碍。故选A。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thosefirstfewweekswerehard,harderthananythingIhaddonebefore.Iforcedmyselftokeeptrying.Ineededtoprovemyself.ButhowcouldItellifIwasdoinganygood?(最初的几个星期非常艰难，比我以前做过的任何事情都要艰难。我强迫自己继续尝试。我需要证明自己。但我怎么知道自己做得好不好呢？)”可知，作者在南非的最初几周非常艰难，他强迫自己继续试，并且想知道自己是否真的做得好，这表明他不确定自己的帮助是否有效果。故选C。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第六段“Outofthecornerofmyeye,Isawchildrenrunningtowardme.Twooftheoldestgrabbedthehandlebarsandtheotherspushedmeforward.(我从眼角看到孩子们向我跑来。两个年纪最大的抓住车把，其他人推着我往前走)”，可知，孩子们自发的帮助是作者与南非孩子们关系转变的关键时刻。作者的轮椅陷入泥潭，孩子们跑来帮助他时，他们之间的关系开始有了质的变化。孩子们的行动不仅帮助作者摆脱了困境，也象征着他们之间互助的开始。故选A。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Themoretheyhelpedme,theeasieritgottohelpthem.ThekidsandIbonded.Iwasn’taloneduringmyyearinAfrica.Notatall.IhadreachedouttothepeopleIwasassisting,andthey,inturn,becamemysupport.Iwasaware,morethanever,thatanyone,eveninawheelchair,canmakeadifference.(他们帮我越多，我就越容易帮到他们。孩子们和我很亲密。我在非洲那一年并不孤单。一点也不。我主动联系了我正在帮助的人，而他们反过来又成为了我的支持。我比以往任何时候都更加意识到，任何人，即使是坐在轮椅上，都可以带来改变)”可知，这篇文章的中心主题是互助的变革力量。作者通过自己的经历展示了即使在面临身体障碍和孤立无援的情况下，通过与他人的相互支持，也能实现个人成长和共同发展。故选B。CChina’sChang’e6probereturnedonEarthwithrockandsoilsamplesfromthelittle-exploredfarsideofthemooninaglobalfirst.TheprobelandedintheInnerMongolianregioninnorthernChinaonTuesdayafternoon.“InowdeclarethattheChang’e6LunarExplorationMissionachievedcompletesuccess,”ZhangKejian,directoroftheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,saidinatelevisednewsconferenceafterthelanding.Chinesescientistsanticipatethereturnedsampleswillinclude2.5million-year-oldvolcanicrockandothermaterialthatscientistshopewillanswerquestionsaboutgeographicdifferencesonthemoon’stwosides.ThenearsideiswhatisseenfromEarth,andthefarsidefacesouterspace.Thefarsideisalsoknowntohavemountainsandimpactcraters(坑),contrastingwiththerelativelyflatexpansesvisibleonthenearside.Theprobehadlandedinthemoon’sSouthPole—AitkenBasin,animpactcratercreatedmorethan4billionyearsago.Thesamplesscientistsareexpectingwilllikelycomefromdifferentlayersofthebasin,whichwillbeartracesofthedifferentgeologicaleventsacrossitslongchronology(年表),suchaswhenthemoonwasyoungerandhadanactiveinsidethatcouldproducevolcanicrock.Chinainrecentyearshaslaunchedmultiplesuccessfulmissionstothemoon,collectingsamplesfromthemoon’snearsidewiththeChang’e5probepreviously.Theyarealsohopingthattheprobewillreturnwithmaterialthatbearstracesofmeteorite(陨石)strikesfromthemoon’spast.Thatmaterialcouldshedlightonthesolarsystem’searlydays.There’satheorythatthemoonactedasavacuum(真空)cleanerofsorts,attractingallthemeteoritesinthesystem’searliererasothattheydidn’thitEarth,saidRicharddeGrijs,whoisalsoexecutivedirectorattheInternationalSpaceScienceInstitute.28.WhatmakesChang’e6’smissionuniqueinlunarexplorationhistory?A.Landingonthemoon’sSouthPole.B.Confirminglunarwaterpresence.C.Collectingthemoon’sfar-sidesamples.D.Returningsamplesfromthenearside.29.Whatmaydistinguishthemoon’sfarsidefromitsnearside?A.Fewercraters. B.Earthvisibility.C.Roughlands. D.Plainsdominance.30.WhatmighttheChang’e6’ssampleshelptoknow?A.Lunarinternalactivity.B.Originofthemoon.C.Moon’sformationtimeline.D.Earth’simpactonthemoon.31.WhatrolemightthemoonhaveplayedintheearlysolarsystemaccordingtoRicharddeGrijs?A.Creatingthesolarsystem.B.Causingmeteoritestoform.C.Attractingmeteoritesforstudy.D.ProtectingEarthfrommeteorites.〖答案〗28.C29.C30.A31.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了嫦娥六号探测器首次带回月球背面的岩石和土壤样本。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“China’sChang’e6probereturnedonEarthwithrockandsoilsamplesfromthelittle-exploredfarsideofthemooninaglobalfirst.(中国嫦娥六号探测器带着来自月球背面的岩石和土壤样本返回地球，这是全球首次)”可知，嫦娥六号探测器带回月球背面的岩石和土壤样本，这是全球首次，这使得嫦娥六号的任务在月球探测史上独一无二。故选C。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thefarsideisalsoknowntohavemountainsandimpactcraters(坑),contrastingwiththerelativelyflatexpansesvisibleonthenearside.(远侧也有山和撞击坑，与近侧可见的相对平坦的广阔区域形成鲜明对比)”可知，远侧有山和撞击坑，即远侧地面高低不平。故选C。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Chinesescientistsanticipatethereturnedsampleswillinclude2.5million-year-oldvolcanicrockandothermaterialthatscientistshopewillanswerquestionsaboutgeographicdifferencesonthemoon’stwosides.(中国科学家预计，返回的样本将包括250万年前的火山岩和其他物质，科学家希望这些物质能够回答有关月球两侧地理差异的问题)”以及第六段“Thesamplesscientistsareexpectingwilllikelycomefromdifferentlayersofthebasin,whichwillbeartracesofthedifferentgeologicaleventsacrossitslongchronology(年表),suchaswhenthemoonwasyoungerandhadanactiveinsidethatcouldproducevolcanicrock.(科学家们预计，这些样本可能来自盆地的不同层，这些层将在其漫长的年代学中留下不同地质事件的痕迹，例如月球年轻时，内部有可能产生火山岩的活动)”可知，嫦娥六号的样本可能有助于了解月球的内部活动。故选A。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“There’satheorythatthemoonactedasavacuum(真空)cleanerofsorts,attractingallthemeteoritesinthesystem’searliererasothattheydidn’thitEarth,saidRicharddeGrijs,whoisalsoexecutivedirectorattheInternationalSpaceScienceInstitute.(国际空间科学研究所执行主任RicharddeGrijs说，有一种理论认为，月球就像一个真空吸尘器，吸引了该系统早期的所有陨石，这样它们就不会撞击地球)”可知，根据RicharddeGrijs的说法，月球在早期太阳系中可能吸引了所有陨石，防止它们撞击地球，即保护地球免受早期太阳系中陨石的撞击。故选D。DItseemsobviousthatforestswouldprovidebetterhabitatforforest-livingwildlifethanfarms.Yet,inoneofthelongest-runningstudiesoftropicalwildlifepopulationsintheworld,Stanfordresearchersfoundthatover18years,smallerfarmswithvaryingcroptypes-mixedwithpatchesorribbonsofforest—sustainmanyforest-dependentbirdpopulationsinCostaRica,evenaspopulationsdeclineinforests.InapaperpublishedonSept.4intheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,NicholasHendershotandcolleaguescomparedtrendsinspecificbirdpopulationsacrossthreelandscapetypesinCostaRica:forests,diversifiedfarms,andintensiveagriculture.Thesteepestdeclineswerefoundinforests,theninintensiveagricultureandthespeciessucceedinginintensiveagriculturewereofteninvasive(侵入的).Butondiversifiedfarms,asignificantsubsetofbirdspeciestypicallyfoundinforests,includingsomeofconservationconcern,actuallyincreasedovertime.Whilethisresearchimpliesthatdiversifiedfarmingcouldbekeyforbiodiversity,therelationshipgoesbothways:biodiversityiskeyforfoodsecurity.Inthiscase,thatmeanshavingavarietyoftypesofbirdsfeedingoninsectsandhelpingtopollinate(对……授粉)crops.“Identitydoesseemtomatteralotforpestcontrolandotherecosystemservicesbirdsprovide.Thesespeciesarenotinterchangeable,”saidHendershot.Ithasbecomeincreasinglyapparentaroundtheworldthatwhileprotectedareasremaincritical,theyaretoofewandfarbetweentoprovidetheecosystemservicespeopleandnatureneedtoboom.Workinglandscapesarecrucialnowforpreservingbiodiversityanditsbenefits.“People,includingscientists,hadtheideathatfarmlandwouldnotsupportameaningfulamountofbiodiversity,”saidGretchenDaily.Inthiscase,notonlyarediversifiedfarmsthemselvesprovidinghabitat,theyconnectotherwisefragmentedforestedareas.“Webelievethefindingsofourresearcharenewtoscience,butinasense,itmerelyconfirmswhatindigenous(土著的)communitiesaroundtheworldhavealreadyknownforalongtime,whichisthathumanscanandshouldhavemutually(相互地)beneficialrelationshipswiththerestofthelocalecologicalcommunitytheyarepartof,”saidTadashiFukami,aprofessorofbiologyinH&SandofEarthsystemscienceintheStanfordDoerrSchoolofSustainabilityandaco-authorofthepaper.32WhatisknownfromtheStanfordstudyaboutbirdpopulationsinCostaRica?A.Diversifiedfarmssupportforestbirdspecies.B.Forestsarethebesthabitatforallbirdspecies.C.Intensivefarmshavenoimpactonbirdpopulations.D.Birdspeciesincreaseonlyinundisturbedforests.33.Whatisthecoremessageconveyedinparagraph3andparagraph4?A.Diversifiedfarmsenhancebirddiversity.B.Foodsecuritydependsoncroppollination.C.Birddiversityiscrucialforfoodsecurity.D.Pestcontroldoesn’trequirediversebirdspecies.34.Whatcantheunderlinedword“fragmented”inparagraph5bereplacedby?A.Separated. B.Enriched. C.Expanded. D.Transformed.35.WhatdoesTadashiFukamisayabouttheresearchfindings?A.Indigenouswisdomisnotneededfornewscience.B.Theresearchisaproofofindigenousknowledge.C.Newfindingschallengetraditionalecologicalviews.D.Thestudyrevealshumansaresuperiortonature.〖答案〗32.A33.C34.A35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学的研究发现——多样化农场与鸟类种群数量的关系。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Yet,inoneofthelongest-runningstudiesoftropicalwildlifepopulationsintheworld,Stanfordresearchersfoundthatover18years,smallerfarmswithvaryingcroptypes-mixedwithpatchesorribbonsofforest—sustainmanyforest-dependentbirdpopulationsinCostaRica,evenaspopulationsdeclineinforests.(然而，在世界上持续时间最长的热带野生动物种群研究之一中，斯坦福大学的研究人员发现，在18年多的时间里，尽管森林中的鸟类种群数量减少，但种植不同作物类型的小型农场——与成片或成带的森林混合在一起——维持着哥斯达黎加许多依赖森林的鸟类种群)”可知，斯坦福大学关于哥斯达黎加鸟类种群的研究表明种植不同作物类型的小型农场维持着许多依赖森林的鸟类种群，即多样化的农场支持森林鸟类。故选A。【33题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Whilethisresearchimpliesthatdiversifiedfarmingcouldbekeyforbiodiversity,therelationshipgoesbothways:biodiversityiskeyforfoodsecurity.Inthiscase,thatmeanshavingavarietyoftypesofbirdsfeedingoninsectsandhelpingtopollinatecrops.(虽然这项研究表明，多样化的农业可能是生物多样性的关键，但这种关系是双向的：生物多样性是粮食安全的关键。这意味着有各种类型的鸟类捕食昆虫并帮助授粉作物。)”以及第四段““Identitydoesseemtomatteralotforpestcontrolandotherecosystemservicesbirdsprovide.Thesespeciesarenotinterchangeable,”saidHendershot.(亨德森肖特说：“身份似乎对害虫控制和鸟类提供的其他生态系统服务非常重要。这些物种是不可互换的。”)”可知，生物多样性与粮食安全之间存在着相互关系，这意味着有各种类型的鸟类捕食昆虫并帮助授粉作物，鸟类在害虫控制和其他生态系统服务中非常重要，即鸟类多样性对粮食安全至关重要。故选C。【34题详析】词句猜测题。根据第五段“Workinglandscapesarecrucialnowforpreservingbiodiversityanditsbenefits.“People,includingscientists,hadtheideathatfarmlandwouldnotsupportameaningfulamountofbiodiversity,”saidGretchenDaily.Inthiscase,notonlyarediversifiedfarmsthemselvesprovidinghabitat,theyconnectotherwisefragmentedforestedareas.(现在，工作景观对于保护生物多样性及其益处至关重要。《格雷琴日报》说：“人们，包括科学家，都认为农田不会支持大量的生物多样性。”。在这种情况下，多样化的农场不仅本身提供了栖息地，还连接了否则会fragmented森林地区)”可知，划线词汇描述森林区域被分割成小块，不再连续，推测划线单词表示“破碎的，分离的”，与Separated意义相近。故选A。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Webelievethefindingsofourresearcharenewtoscience,butinasense,itmerelyconfirmswhatindigenouscommunitiesaroundtheworldhavealreadyknownforalongtime,whichisthathumanscanandshouldhavemutuallybeneficialrelationshipswiththerestofthelocalecologicalcommunitytheyarepartof,”saidTadashiFukami,aprofessorofbiologyinH&SandofEarthsystemscienceintheStanfordDoerrSchoolofSustainabilityandaco-authorofthepaper.(“我们相信我们的研究结果对科学来说是新的，但从某种意义上说，它只是证实了世界各地的土著社区长期以来已经知道的事情，即人类可以而且应该与他们所属的其他当地生态社区建立互惠互利的关系，”健康与安全学院生物学教授、斯坦福大学多尔可持续发展学院地球系统科学教授、该论文的合著者TadashiFukami说)”可知，Fukami教授指出，尽管研究结果对科学界来说是新的，但它实际上只是证实了世界各地原住民社区早已知道的事情，即人类可以并且应该与他们所在的当地生态社区建立互利的关系。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhileIadmitmylovefortheconvenienceofmodernity,____36____.Idaydreamofsittinginthewritingletterstoasister,pagesfilledwithscriptandthesoundofanink-dippedmetalnib(钢笔尖)scratchingalongthepaper.____37____.AndIwassurprisedtohearfromparentsatotherschoolsthattheirchildrenweren’tlearninghowtowriteinscript.Andindeed,in2010,theCommonCorestandardsstoppedrequiringtheteachingofcursive(草书)inpublicschools.Butitappearsthetideisturning,andthecurlicued(花体的)linkedletters—andblockprinting,too,mypersonalprintofchoice—willnotgodownwithoutafight.Anumberofstatesarenowrequiringtheteachingofcursiveinschools,arevivalencouragedbyeducators,researchers,parents,andpoliticians.____38____.Whiletypinganddigitalfileshavebeengreatinpreventingatideofpaperwaste,whenusedproperly,writingthingsbyhandhasthebenefitthatweshouldnotignore.AreportinPsychologyTodaydescribestheimportancetobraindevelopmentoflearningcursive,duringthecourseofwhich“thebraindevelopsfunctionalspecializationthatintegratesbothsensation,movementcontrol,andthinking”.Brainimagingshowshowengagedthebrainiswhilelearningcursive:“Towriteclearcursive,finemotorcontrolisneededoverthefingers.Youhavetopayattentionandthinkaboutwhatandhowyouaredoingit.____39____.Brainimagingstudie