江苏省盐城市盐城八校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省盐城市盐城八校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Writerandreader.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.2.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Toplaceanorder.B.Toapplyforajob.C.Tomakeacomplaint.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabookstore.B.Inapostoffice.C.Inaclassroom.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anewstore.B.Italiandishes.C.Theirsupper.5.Whyhasthemancomeback?A.Tostudyhere.B.Totravelaround.C.Totakeajob.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatwillthespeakersdotogether?A.Havedinner.B.Attendaparty.C.Seeamovie.7.Whenwillthemanpickupthewoman?A.At5:00p.m.B.At6:30p.m.C.At7:00p.m.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.What'sthewoman'sjobinEngland?A.Importingwines.B.Buildinghouses.C.Guidingtravellers.9.Howdoesthewomanusuallygotowork?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Onfoot.10.Whatistheman'sattitudetowardhiswork?A.Negative.B.Favourable.C.Unclear.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WheredidMonicausuallyhaveherlunchinhighschool?A.Atschool.B.Athome.C.Inarestaurant.12.Whowouldbringlunchboxestoschool?A.Eric’sfriends.B.Monica'sfriends.C.Arthur'sfriends.13.HowlongdidArthurstayinschooleveryday?A.About5hours.B.About4hours.C.About2hours.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whendidthemanbuyhispresentcomputer?A.Twoyearsago.B.Fouryearsago.C.Tenyearsago.15.Whatdoesthemanmainlyusethecomputertodoatpresent?A.Playonlinegames.B.Collectinformation.C.Receivee-mails.16.Whatdoesthemanusuallybuyonline?A.Food.B.Clothes.C.Digitalproducts.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.WhydidEdwardswalk14mileseveryday?A.Tokeephealthy.B.Toloseweight.C.Togettowork.18.WhatgiftdidEdwardsreceivefromthecouple?A.Anicecream.B.Acar.C.Acomputer.19.HowdidEdwardsfeelaboutthecouple'shelp?A.Guilty.B.Moved.C.Embarrassed.20.WhatdidthecouplewishEdwardstodo?A.Gotocollege.B.Payforthegift.C.Offerhelptoothers.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhySubscribetoReader’sDigest?Theworld’sbest-lovedgeneral-interestpublicationcontainssomethingforeveryone.Reader’sDigestmagazineisburstingwithstories,articles,advice,recipes,reviews,tips,jokesandanecdotes.Eachissueissmallenoughtofitinyourhandbagorpocket,butbigenoughtokeepyouentertainedforweeksonend.Fromregularcolumnspackedwithinformationtogripping(扣人心弦的)human-intereststoriesandhelpfulhow-tos,ourmagazineoffersknowledge,positivityandhumour.Inthismonth’sissueyou’llfind...AninterviewwithHughDancyThenewestadditiontothecastofDowntonAbbeyonNewYork,Law&Order,andthenostalgia(怀旧)ofplayinganEnglishgentleman.SavingthesoundoftheStradivaiusMeettheexpertsfightingtosavetheunbeatablesoundofhistory’sgreatestviolins,meetingtheloveofherlife.CommunityPowerAcrosstheUK,communitiesarecomingtogethertosavetheirpubs,shops,andmore.IfGraceDentruledtheworldTherestaurantcriticshareshermanifesto(宣言)forworlddomination.SUBSCRIBETODAYFROMASLITTLEAS£22.99Ourbestpriceyet—It’sonly£22.99forafullone-yearsubscription—ASavingofover50%OFFtheusual£47.88retailprice—andwhat’smore,wewilldeliveritdirecttoyourdoorforfree!Ifyoudon’twanttocommittoafullyear,wehavetheperfecttasterpackage.TRIALNOWwith3IssuesforONLY£3!Plus,makesureyoualwayskeepuptodatewithallofthetopstories,newsandpromotionsfromReader’sDigestbysubscribingtoourweeklynewsletter.1.Ifreaderswanttoknowaboutanactor,whichoneshouldtheyread?A.IfGraceDentruledtheworld. B.CommunityPower.C.SavingthesoundoftheStradivaius. D.AninterviewwithHughDancy.2.Howmuchwillyousaveifyoutakeoutafullone-yearsubscriptiontoday?A.£3. B.£22.99. C.£24.89. D.£47.88.3.Whatkindofwritingisthepassage?A.Anintroduction. B.Apartofafiction.C.Aresearchreport. D.Anadvertisement.〖答案〗1.D2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章是关于《读者文摘》杂志的介绍和订阅推广。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一个小标题AninterviewwithHughDancy中“ThenewestadditiontothecastofDowntonAbbeyonNewYork,Law&Order,andthenostalgia(怀旧)ofplayinganEnglishgentleman.(《唐顿庄园》《法律与秩序》的新成员，以及对扮演英国绅士的怀念。)”可知，想了解一个演员，需要看AninterviewwithHughDancy。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“Ourbestpriceyet—It’sonly£22.99forafullone-yearsubscription—ASavingofover50%OFFtheusual£47.88retailprice(我们最优惠的价格——全年订阅只需22.99英镑——比通常的47.88英镑零售价节省50%以上)”可知，如果你今天就全额订购一年，你可以节省47.88-22.99=£24.89。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“WhySubscribetoReader’sDigest?(为什么订阅《读者文摘》?)”及全文可知，文章先简单介绍了读者文摘，以及列举了其中一期的内容，最后两部分重点介绍了订阅费用，所以是通过介绍《读者文摘》使读者订阅的广告。故选D。BForthe70percentoftheworld'spopulationwithoutanychanceofusingelectricwashingmachines,keepingupwithlaundrytakesupalotoftime.Anditisoftenapainfulphysicaltask.Thetaskfallsunreasonablytowomenandgirls,whocanspend20hoursaweekwashingclothes,oftenwithoutelectricityorrunningwater.LondonengineerNavjotSawhney,however,hascomeupwithanidea:aportableandlightweightwashingmachinethatissimilartoaplasticdrum.Italsodoesdoubledutyasadryer,andcostsaround$60.31-year-oldSawhneycallsittheDivya,afterthewomanwhoinspiredtheproject—hisformernext-doorneighbourinSouthIndia,wherehespentayearvolunteeringafterleavinghisjobasanengineerathigh-endvacuum(真空吸尘器)makerDyson.“WhenIgottoknowDivya,Iwassosadaboutalltheunpaidworksheneededtodo—cleaningclothes,”saysSawhney.In2018,hereturnedtotheUnitedKingdomtofound“TheWashingMachineProject”,whichisdevelopingawashingsolutionthatwillbeaffordable,portableandaccessibleforeveryone,everywhere.Afterafewmonthsofdevelopingamodel,hereceivedsomemoneyfromOxfam'sIraqResponseInnovationLab.SinceMarch2019,morethan150DivyashavebeengivenouttorefugeesinIraqthroughnon-profitpartners.“Theresponsewasgreat,”Sawhneysays.Hisgoalistodeliver8,000machinesin10countriesoverthenextthreeyears.Bysaving75percentofthetimeand50percentofthewaterrequiredtowashclothes,hesays,womenandgirlswillbefreertoaccepteducation.AsidefromtheDivya,Sawhneyhasalsoworkedonmakingfuel-efficientcookstoves,andplanstodeveloprefrigerators,conditioners,andlighting.Sawhneyseestheworld'sgrowingrefugeecrisisasacallforinnovation:“Thereisahugeneedforappliancesthatmakelifebetterforpeople.”4.WhatdidNavjotSawhneydotohelpthewomeninIndia?A.Hevolunteeredtowashclothesforthem.B.Heprovidedthemwithfreeaccesstoeducation.C.Hecalledonpeopleinhiscommunitytodonateclothes.D.Heworkedoutasolutionbyinventingawashingmachine.5.WhatinspiredNavjotSawhneytofoundtheproject?A.Hisneighbour'sexperience. B.HispreviousworkinDyson.C.Thesupportofasciencelab. D.TherequestofrefugeesinIraq.6.WhatcanweinferabouttheprojectinParagraph3?A.Itishighlypraised. B.Itfocusesoneducation.C.Ithascreatedmanyjobs. D.Ithasearnedalotofmoney.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNavjotSawhney?A.Selflessandhonest. B.Helpfulandserious.C.Caringandcreative. D.Thoughtfulandstrict.〖答案〗4.D5.A6.A7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。英国工程师NavjotSawhney在印度贫民窟受到启发，发明了一款便携式洗衣机。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“LondonengineerNavjotSawhney,however,hascomeupwithanidea:aportableandlightweightwashingmachinethatissimilartoaplasticdrum.(然而，伦敦的工程师纳夫乔特·索赫尼想出了一个想法：一台类似于塑料鼓的便携式轻质洗衣机。)”可知，为了帮助印度的妇女,NavjotSawhney发明了一种洗衣机来解决这个问题。故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“31-year-oldSawhneycallsittheDivya,afterthewomanwhoinspiredtheproject—hisformernext-doorneighbourinSouthIndia,wherehespentayearvolunteeringafterleavinghisjobasanengineerathigh-endvacuummakerDyson.(31岁的索尼称之为“Divya”，因为这个项目的灵感来源——他在印度南部的前邻居，在辞去高端真空制造商戴森的工程师工作后，他在那里花了一年时间做志愿者。)”可知，NavjotSawhney在印度做志愿服务时看到邻居的洗衣经历，让他有了创立“洗衣机项目”的灵感。故选A。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“SinceMarch2019,morethan150DivyashavebeengivenouttorefugeesinIraqthroughnon-profitpartners.‘Theresponsewasgreat,’Sawhneysays.(自2019年3月以来，已有150多名迪维亚人通过非营利性合作伙伴发放给了在伊拉克的难民。索赫尼说，反响很好。)”可知，这款洗衣机反响很好，由此推知，该项目得到很高的评价。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。文中讲述了NavjotSawhney为了帮助印度贫困地区的妇女洗衣服而发明了洗衣机，由此可推知，他既有爱心又很有创造力。故选C。COurbrainshavean“auto-correct”featurethatweusewhenre-interpretingambiguous(含混不清的)sounds,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudyshedslightonhowthebrainusesinformationgatheredafterthediscoveringofaninitialsoundtoaidspeechcomprehension.Thefindingspointtonewwaysweuseinformationandcontexttoaidinspeechcomprehension.“Whatapersonthinkstheyheardoesnotalwaysmatchtheactualsignalsthatreachtheear,”explainsleadauthorLauraGwilliams.“Thisisbecausethebrainre-evaluatestheinterpretationofaspeechsoundatthemomenteachfollowingspeechsoundisheardinordertoupdateinterpretationsasnecessary,”Gwilliamssays.It’swellknownthattheperceptionofaspeechsoundisdeterminedbyitssurroundingcontext—intheformofwords,sentencesandotherspeechsounds.Thisplaysoutineverydaylife—whenwetalk,theactualspeechweproduceisoftenambiguous.Forexample,whenafriendsaysshehasa“dent(凹痕)”inhercar,youmayhear“tent”.Althoughthiskindofambiguityhappensregularly,we,aslisteners,arehardlyawareofit.“Thisisbecausethebrainautomaticallyresolvestheambiguityforus—itpicksaninterpretationandthat’swhatweperceivetohear,”explainsGwilliams.“Thewaythebraindoesthisisbyusingthesurroundingcontexttonarrowdownthepossibilitiesofwhatthespeakermaymean.”Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.8.Whatisthestudymainlyabout?A.Whysomepeopleprocessinformationfaster. B.Howbrainstellapartusefulinformation.C.Howbrainsunderstandunclearwords. D.Whypeoplemakeunclearsounds.9.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbygivingtheexampleinParagraph3?A.Peoplearelikelytomistakeawordforsomethingfamiliar.B.Peoplecanunderstandotherseveniftheymishearaword.C.Peoplearemorelikelytomisheartheirfriends.D.Itisnormalforpeopletomakeunclearsounds.10.Whatdoweknowabouttheunclearwordsintheexperiments?A.Theystoppedusthinkingfurther. B.Theyledtomisunderstanding.C.Theywerenoticedinstantly. D.Theyseemedtobeuseless.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Thefollowingspeechsound. B.Theunclearlysoundingword.C.Thesimilarlysoundingword. D.Theisolatedsyllable.〖答案〗8.C9.B10.C11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了根据一项新研究，我们的大脑在重新解释模棱两可的声音时会使用一种“自动纠正”功能。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ourbrainshavean“auto-correct”featurethatweusewhenre-interpretingambiguous(含混不清的)sounds,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudyshedslightonhowthebrainusesinformationgatheredafterthediscoveringofaninitialsoundtoaidspeechcomprehension.(新研究表明，我们的大脑具有一种“自动纠正”功能，该功能在我们重新解释含混不清的声音时会发挥作用。该研究揭示了大脑如何利用在发现初始声音后收集到的信息来帮助理解语言)”可知，这项研究的主要内容是大脑如何理解不清晰的词语。故选C项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“It’swellknownthattheperceptionofaspeechsoundisdeterminedbyitssurroundingcontext—intheformofwords,sentencesandotherspeechsounds.Thisplaysoutineverydaylife—whenwetalk,theactualspeechweproduceisoftenambiguous.Forexample,whenafriendsaysshehasa“dent(凹痕)”inhercar,youmayhear“tent”.Althoughthiskindofambiguityhappensregularly,we,aslisteners,arehardlyawareofit.“Thisisbecausethebrainautomaticallyresolvestheambiguityforus—itpicksaninterpretationandthat’swhatweperceivetohear,”explainsGwilliams.“Thewaythebraindoesthisisbyusingthesurroundingcontexttonarrowdownthepossibilitiesofwhatthespeakermaymean.”(众所周知，对语音的感知是由其周围的语境决定的，这些语境以单词、句子和其他语音的形式存在。这在我们的日常生活中随处可见——当我们说话时，我们实际说出的内容往往很模糊。例如，当朋友说她车上有“凹痕”时，你可能会听到“帐篷”。尽管这种模糊性经常发生，但我们作为听众几乎不会意识到这一点。“这是因为大脑会自动为我们解决这种模糊性——它会选择一种解释，而这就是我们感知到的内容，”格威廉姆斯解释道。“大脑这样做的方式是利用周围的语境来缩小说话者可能表达的意思范围。”)”可推知，作者想通过第三段的例子说明即使听错了一个词，人们也能听懂别人说的话。故选B项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.(他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的歧义程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释信号)”可知，实验中不清楚的单词很快就被注意到了。故选C项。【11题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.(他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的歧义程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估)”可知，他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的模糊程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释发音不清楚的单词。故划线词意思“发音不清楚的单词”。故选B项。DOnInaccessibleIsland,youhearthesoundoftheInaccessibleIslandrails(秧鸡)everywhere.Thesmallflightlessbirdsmovearound,feedingonwormsandberries.Duringatripin2011,ittookdaysforStervander,thenadoctoralstudent,tospotone.“Eventhen,youseesomethinglittleanddark,runningforasecond,andthat’saboutit,”hesays.Catchingone,though,provedeasy.Whenscientistsplayedarecordingofthebird’scall,amaleandfemaleranintothenetafewminuteslater.InaccessibleIslandrailsliveonlyonInaccessibleIsland.“Nooneknewthehistory,”saysStervander,nowaresearchfellowattheUniversityofOregon.Heaimedtoanswerthequestionaboutthesebirds:HowdidtheygettoInaccessibleIslandtobeginwith?ThefirstscientisttodescribetherailwasPercyLowe.HethoughtthebirdwasfromAfricaandhadalwaysbeenflightless.Inhisview,ithadarrivedattheislandbywalkingoverlandbridges.Butnowthescienceofplatetectonics(板块构造论)suggeststhat’snotthecase.Inarecentpaper,Stervanderandhiscolleaguesgiveevidenceforadifferentversion.Afterstudyingthegenome(基因组)oftherails,scientistsfoundtheInaccessibleIslandrail’sclosestrelative—thecrakeinUruguay.BothbirdsarerelatedtotheblackrailinAmerica.Thefindingsuggeststheancestorsofthesebirdscouldfly.ThatmeansInaccessibleIslandrailsflewtotheirpresenthome,andlikemanybirdslivingonislandswithnopredators(捕食者),theygraduallylosttheabilitytofly.Flyingtakesenergy,soifthere’snoreasontofly,it’smorepracticalnotto.Onthisisland,there’sagrowingpopulationofrails,butthey’refragile.Shouldapredatorreachtheisland,itcouldmakequickworkofthebirds.PeopleonnearbyislandsarecarefultoavoidintroducinganypredatorstoInaccessibleIsland,andtheriskislow,givenhowharditistogetthere.Fornow,therailslivepeacefullyinaplacewherefewhumansareeagertogo.12.WhatcanwelearnabouttheInaccessibleIslandrails?A.Theyarehardtotrap. B.Theycanbeseeneverywhere.C.Theymovearoundquickly. D.Theyarenotafraidofhumans.13.WhatcausedtheInaccessibleIslandrailstobecomeflightless?A.Theirlackofenergy. B.Theirlivingenvironment.C.Theirwaytosearchforfood. D.Theirconnectionwiththeirancestors.14.WhichbestdescribesthepresentsituationoftheInaccessibleIslandrails?A．Safe. B.Tough. C.Unexpected. D.Dangerous.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDevelopmentofRailsonInaccessibleIslandB.TheNeedtoProtectFlightlessInaccessibleIslandRailsC.HowDidtheFlightlessBirdGettoInaccessibleIsland?D.WhyareInaccessibleIslandRailsLimitedontheIsland?〖答案〗12.C13.B14.A15.C【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章描述了在伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛生活的一种无法飞行的秧鸡，并分析了它们到达岛屿的方法和不会飞行的原因。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段““Eventhen,youseesomethinglittleanddark,runningforasecond,andthat’saboutit,”hesays.(“即使在那个时候，你也会看到一个又小又黑的东西在跑，仅此而已，”他说)”可知，岛上的秧鸡行动敏捷，被人们看到后转眼就跑没影了。故选C。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“ThatmeansInaccessibleIslandrailsflewtotheirpresenthome,andlikemanybirdslivingonislandswithnopredators(捕食者),theygraduallylosttheabilitytofly.(这意味着伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛的秧鸡飞到了它们现在的家，就像许多生活在没有捕食者的岛屿上的鸟类一样，它们逐渐失去了飞行的能力)”可知，秧鸡的生活环境让它们逐渐失去了飞行的能力。故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“PeopleonnearbyislandsarecarefultoavoidintroducinganypredatorstoInaccessibleIsland,andtheriskislow,givenhowharditistogetthere.Fornow,therailslivepeacefullyinaplacewherefewhumansareeagertogo.(附近岛屿上的人们小心翼翼地避免将任何捕食者引入伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛，考虑到到达那里的难度，风险很低。目前，这些秧鸡平静地生活在一个很少有人愿意去的地方)”推知，岛上没有捕食者，也几乎没有人类到达，所以它们目前是很安全的。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Heaimedtoanswerthequestionaboutthesebirds:HowdidtheygettoInaccessibleIslandtobeginwith?(他的目的是回答关于这些鸟的问题：它们是如何到达伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛的？)”和全文内容可知，文章主要就在伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛生活的没有飞行能力的秧鸡是如何到达这座岛屿的话题展开讨论，介绍了科学家的相关研究发现。由此可知，HowDidtheFlightlessBirdGettoInaccessibleIsland?(不会飞的鸟是如何到伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛的？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Arewormstheheroeswedidn’tknowweneeded?Silent,slimyandwriggling(扭动),youmightthinkthatwormsaregoodfornothingexceptbait(诱饵)ontheendofafishingpole.____16____TheBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwinsaidthatnootheranimalhas“playedsuchanimportantpartinthehistoryoftheworldastheselowlyorganisedcreatures”.TheyhavelivedonEarthfor600millionyearsandhaveevensurvivedfivemassextinctions.____17____Earthwormsliterallymovetheearth,andthisiswhyfarmerslovethem.Astheytravel,theyaerate(使透气)thesoilbyloosening,mixingandoxygenatingit.____18____Theyareeffectivelyasmallbutveryefficientplough(犁).Butit’snotjustearthwormsthatdeservepraise.In2022,agroupofscientistsattheMargaritaSalasCentreforBiologicalResearchisolatedenzymes(酶)foundinwaxwormsaliva(唾液)whichareplastic-eating._____19_____It’shopedthatbyproducingtheseenzymesonanindustry-levelscale,wewillhaveamoreenvironmentallyfriendlywaytoreduceplasticpollution._____20_____Bloodwormsaresmallseacreatureswhichpressthemselvesintothemudoftheoceanfloor.ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbarahavebeenstudyingtheirjaws,whicharemadeupof10%copperproteins(铜蛋白)andaresostrongthattheylasttheworm’sentirefive-yearlifespan.Becauseofthisresearch,engineersmaystartusingthejawsasinspirationforthedesignandmanufactureofmaterialslikeconcrete.So,nexttimeyouseeaworm,showitalittlerespect.Theyreallyarechangingtheworld!A.So,whatdowormsdothatissogreat?B.Wormshavealifespanofafewmonths.C.Andwormsareeveninspiringthebuildingindustry.D.Itincreasestheground’scapacitytoholdandemptywater.E.However,thereismoretothehumblewormthanmeetstheeye.F.Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.G.Thesecanbreakdownaverycommonplasticthatnormallybreaksdownovermanyyears.〖答案〗16.E17.A18.D19.G20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不起眼的蠕虫实际上是我们需要的英雄，它们可以疏松土壤，更快地分解难以降解的塑料，甚至为建筑行业提供灵感。【16题详析】前文“Arewormstheheroeswedidn’tknowweneeded?Silent,slimyandwriggling(扭动),youmightthinkthatwormsaregoodfornothingexceptbait(诱饵)ontheendofafishingpole.(蠕虫是我们不知道自己需要的英雄吗？沉默、黏糊糊、蠕动着，你可能会认为蠕虫除了在鱼竿末端做诱饵外别无用处)”提到人们通常认为蠕虫没有特别的用处，后文段落具体介绍了蠕虫的大作用。因此E项“However,thereismoretothehumblewormthanmeetstheeye.(然而，这条不起眼的蠕虫并不像我们看到的那么简单)”符合语境，指出蠕虫其实并不简单，和前文构成转折，引出后文段落内容。故选E。【17题详析】前文“TheBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwinsaidthatnootheranimalhas“playedsuchanimportantpartinthehistoryoftheworldastheselowlyorganisedcreatures”.TheyhavelivedonEarthfor600millionyearsandhaveevensurvivedfivemassextinctions.(英国博物学家查尔斯·达尔文说，没有其他动物“在世界历史上扮演过像这些低等组织生物这样重要的角色”。它们在地球上生活了6亿年，甚至在五次大灭绝中幸存下来)”引用达尔文的话，强调蠕虫的重要性，并提到蠕虫顽强的生存能力，后文段落介绍蠕虫的奇特之处。因此A项“So,whatdowormsdothatissogreat?(那么，蠕虫有什么了不起的地方呢)”符合语境，承接前文，以问题的形式引出对蠕虫了不起之处的探究，引出后文的具体介绍。故选A。【18题详析】前文“Earthwormsliterallymovetheearth,andthisiswhyfarmerslovethem.Astheytravel,theyaerate(使透气)thesoilbyloosening,mixingandoxygenatingit.(蚯蚓可以移动土地，这就是为什么农民喜欢它们。在移动过程中，它们通过松动、混合和充氧使土壤透气)”介绍蚯蚓帮助松动土壤，让土壤透气。因此D项“Itincreasestheground’scapacitytoholdandemptywater.(这增加了地面蓄水和排水的能力)”符合语境，指出这样对地面蓄水和排水方面的帮助，承接前文。故选D。【19题详析】前文“In2022,agroupofscientistsattheMargaritaSalasCentreforBiologicalResearchisolatedenzymes(酶)foundinwaxwormsaliva(唾液)whichareplastic-eating.(2022年，MargaritaSalas生物研究中心的一组科学家从蜡虫唾液中分离出了能吃塑料的酶。)”提到科学家们分离出了能吃塑料的酶。因此G项“Thesecanbreakdownaverycommonplasticthatnormallybreaksdownovermanyyears.(它们可以分解一种很常见的塑料，这种塑料通常需要很多年才能分解)”符合语境，介绍这种酶的巨大作用，承接前文，其中These指代前文的enzymes。故选G。【20题详析】空处位于段首，应该是段落中心句，和前面两个段落并列，继续介绍蠕虫的大作用。后文“ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbarahavebeenstudyingtheirjaws,whicharemadeupof10%copperproteins(铜蛋白)andaresostrongthattheylasttheworm’sentirefive-yearlifespan.Becauseofthisresearch,engineersmaystartusingthejawsasinspirationforthedesignandmanufactureofmaterialslikeconcrete.(加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的科学家们一直在研究它们的下颚，它们的下颚由10%的铜蛋白质组成，非常坚固，可以维持这种蠕虫整整五年的寿命。由于这项研究，工程师们可能会开始使用颚作为设计和制造混凝土等材料的灵感)”主要介绍通过研究这种下颚，工程师们得到一些建筑方面的灵感。因此C项“Andwormsareeveninspiringthebuildingindustry.(蠕虫甚至给建筑行业带来了灵感)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选C。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Afewmonthsago,Iwasdownwithaterriblecoldwhichendedinabadcough.NomatterhowmanydifferentmedicinesItried,I___21___couldn’tgetridofthecough.Notonlydidit___22___myteachingbutalsomylifeasawhole.Thenonedayafterclass,astudentcameuptomeand___23___traditionalChinesemedicine.Fromherdescription,Chinesemedicinesoundedasifithadmagicpowerthat___24___.Iwas___25___becauseIknewsolittleaboutitandhavenevertrieditbefore.___26___,mycoughgotsomuchworsethatIcouldn’tsleepatnight,soIdecidedtogiveita___27___.TheChinesedoctortookmypulseandaskedtoseemytongue,bothofwhichwerenewexperiencetomebecausetheyareboth___28___inWesternmedicine,wherediagnosisreliesheavilyon___29___.Thenthedoctorgavemeascraping(刮)treatmentknownas“GuaSha”.Iwasalittle___30___atfirstbecauseheusedasmoothedgedtooltoscrapetheskinonmyneckandshoulders.Afewminuteslater,thetreatmentstartedtoproducea___31___effectandmybodyandmindbegantosinkdeeperinto___32___.Ididn’tfeelanyimprovementinmy___33___inthefirstcoupleofdays,butafterafewmoreregularvisitstothedoctor,mycoughstartedto___34___.Thenwithinamatterofweeks,itwascompletely___35___!21.A.still B.even C.currently D.certainly22.A.facilitate B.benefit C.inconvenience D.change23.A.recommended B.sold C.prescribed D.adopted24.A.settrends B.broughtrewards C.changedrules D.workedwonders25.A.excited B.hesitant C.optimistic D.nervous26.A.Consequently B.Eventually C.Admittedly D.Surprisingly27.A.break B.look C.shot D.miss28.A.frequently-used B.nonexistent C.highly-recommended D.noneffective29.A.doctors B.hospitals C.symptoms D.machines30.A.unsatisfied B.tired C.disappointed D.scared31.A.relieving B.damaging C.stimulating D.cooling32.A.relaxation B.pain C.uneasiness D.depression33.A.capability B.strength C.condition D.circumstance34.A.worsen B.lessen C.lengthen D.quicken35.A.unexpected B.fine C.different D.gone〖答案〗21.A22.C23.A24.D25.B26.B27.C28.B29.D30.D31.A32.A33.C34.B35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者咳嗽了很久且多少药都不管用。咳嗽严重影响了作者的教学和生活。后来在学生的推荐下，作者去看了中医。经过几周治疗，作者完全康复。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不管我试了多少药，我还是治不好咳嗽。A.still仍然；B.even甚至；C.currently当前；D.certainly当然。根据“NomatterhowmanydifferentmedicinesItried”可知，不管作者用了多少不同的药，仍然治不好咳嗽。故选A项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不仅给我的教学带来了不便，也给我的整个生活带来了不便。A.facilitate促进；B.benefit使受益；C.inconvenience给……带来不便；D.change改变。根据前文“I______couldn’tgetridofthecough.”可知，咳嗽给作者的教学和整个生活都带来了不便。故选C项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来有一天下课后，一个学生走过来向我推荐中医。A.recommended推荐；B.sold出售；C.prescribed开处方；D.adopted采用。根据后文“Fromherdescription,Chinesemedicinesoundedasifithadmagicpowerthat_____.”可知，有一天下课，一个学生来找作者并推荐了中医。故选A项。【24题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：从她的描述中，中医听起来好像有神奇的力量，可