广东三校2024-2025学年高三上学期9月联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东三校2024-2025学年高三上学期9月联考英语试题第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyouhaven’tdecidedhowtospendyoursummer,youmaywanttothinkaboutthepossibilityofparticipatinginasummerprogram.VirtualExperience:Harvard’sHighSchoolProgramsIfyou’rewonderingwhatcollegeislike,Harvardoffersonlinecollegeprogramsjustforhighschoolstudentswhoarecurious.Harvard’shighschoolprogramsallowyoutotakerealcoursesandearncollegecredit.Financialaidisavailableforqualifyingstudents.VirtualExperience:AmericanUniversityHighSchoolSummerScholarsThismulti-week,onlineprogramhelpshighschoolstudentspursuetheirinterestsinavarietyoftopics.Eachonlinecourseis1-credithour.Risingsophomores,juniors,andseniorswitha3.0GPA(GradePointsAverage)canchoose1coursefrom14subjects-fromPoliticalActionandPublicPolicytoOceanographyandmore.VirtualExperience:WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute(WPI)—FrontiersProgramThisonline,summerprogramisdesignedforhighschoolstudentsenteringtheirjuniorandsenioryears.Programparticipantsarechallengedtoexploretheouterlimitsoftheirknowledgeinscience,technology,engineering,andmath(STEM)withcurrentlaboratorytechniquesandexploringunsolvedproblemsacrossawiderangeofdisciplines.Virtual/In-PersonOpportunities:ImmerseEducationProgramsImmerseEducation’ssummerprogramsofferin-personandonlinecoursesinavarietyofsubjectsandtakeplacethroughouttheUnitedKingdomandAustralia.Studentsages11-18fromaroundtheworldgettolearnonthecampusesofCambridge,Oxford,LondonandtheUniversityofSydney.1.Whichprogramwillyoupossiblychooseifyouarefromafamilyonatightbudget?A.ImmerseEducationPrograms.B.Harvard’sHighSchoolPrograms.C.AmericanUniversityHighSchoolSummerScholars.D.WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute(WPI)-FrontiersProgram.2.Whatdothesefourprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyprovideaccesstoonlinelearning. B.Theysetacademicrequirements.C.Theyofferparticipantscollegecredits. D.TheytakeplaceintheUnitedStates.3.Whoisthetextmainlyintendedfor?A.Collegestaff. B.Collegestudents.C.Programorganizers. D.Highschoolstudents.〖答案〗1.B2.A3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了几个适合高中生的暑期项目。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据VirtualExperience:Harvard’sHighSchoolPrograms部分“Financialaidisavailableforqualifyingstudents.（符合资格的学生可获得经济援助。）”可知，预算紧张的家庭可能会选择Harvard’sHighSchoolPrograms。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章“Ifyou’rewonderingwhatcollegeislike,Harvardoffersonlinecollegeprogramsjustforhighschoolstudentswhoarecurious.（如果你想知道大学是什么样的，哈佛大学只为好奇的高中生提供在线大学课程。）”、“Thismulti-week,onlineprogramhelpshighschoolstudentspursuetheirinterestsinavarietyoftopics.（这项为期数周的在线课程帮助高中生在各种各样的话题上追求自己的兴趣。）”、“Thisonline,summerprogramisdesignedforhighschoolstudentsenteringtheirjuniorandsenioryears.（这个在线的暑期课程是为进入初中和高中的高中生设计的。）”和“ImmerseEducation’ssummerprogramsofferin-personandonlinecoursesinavarietyofsubjectsandtakeplacethroughouttheUnitedKingdomandAustralia.（沉浸式教育的暑期课程在英国和澳大利亚举办，提供各种主题的现场课程和在线课程。）”可知，这四个项目的共同点是他们提供在线学习的机会。故选A。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章“Ifyou’rewonderingwhatcollegeislike,Harvardoffersonlinecollegeprogramsjustforhighschoolstudentswhoarecurious.（如果你想知道大学是什么样的，哈佛大学只为好奇的高中生提供在线大学课程。）”、“Thismulti-week,onlineprogramhelpshighschoolstudentspursuetheirinterestsinavarietyoftopics.（这项为期数周的在线课程帮助高中生在各种各样的话题上追求自己的兴趣。）”、“Thisonline,summerprogramisdesignedforhighschoolstudentsenteringtheirjuniorandsenioryears.（这个在线的暑期课程是为进入初中和高中的高中生设计的。）”和“Studentsages11-18fromaroundtheworldgettolearnonthecampusesofCambridge,Oxford,LondonandtheUniversityofSydney.（来自世界各地的11-18岁学生可以在剑桥、牛津、伦敦和悉尼大学的校园学习。）”可知，文本主要针对高中生。故选D。BThe71stannualBostonMarathonwasheldonApril19,1967.Thisdaywasfilledwithfreezingrain,snowandstrongwinds.However,foroneparticipantnamedKathrineSwitzer,theweatherconditionsweretheleastofherworries.Kathrinewasthefirstandonlyregisteredfemalerunnerinthemarathonandshehadsomethingtoprove.ThefirstfewmileswereapieceofcakeforKathrine.Thenaroundmilefour,sherealizedsomeonewaschasingher.Sheturnedaroundandwasstartledtoseeanangryfacejustinchesaway.Itwastheracedirector(赛事总监),JockSemple.“Getthehelloutofmyraceandgivemethosenumbers!”Jockyelled.Ashesaidthis,hegrabbedKathrineandtriedrippingherracenumbersoffhersweatshirt.Kathrinewassoshockedandterrified.AsJockclungtohersweatshirt,Kathrinestruggledtobreakfree.Kathrinefeltawful.Shethoughtaboutdroppingout,butsoonsheknewthatwasn’tanoption.“IfIquit,nobodywouldeverbelievethatwomenhadthecapabilitytorun26-plusmiles.IfIquit,everybodywouldsayitwasashow.Ifquit,itwouldsetwomen’ssportsback,wayback,insteadofforward…”Whileallthisthinkingwasgoingon,Kathrinecontinued,untilshefoundherselfnearingthefinishline.Completelysoakedandgreetedbyonlyahandfulofreporters,noneofwhomcheered,Kathrinecompletedtheraceinatimeof4hoursand20minutes.Theracewasover,butherpursuitofchangewasjustbeginning.ShewasaprimaryforcebehindgettingwomenofficiallyacceptedintotheBostonmarathonin1972.HerleadershipalsopavedthewayfortheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoadmitthewomen’smarathonintothe1984OlympicGames.Hernumber261onthathistoricdayinBostonhasalsobecomeasymboloffearlessnessformillionsofwomenworldwide.4.WhatdidKathrinehopetoachieveinthe71stBostonMarathon?A.Beingaregisteredrunner. B.Provingwomen’sathleticability.C.Instructingherfriendasacoach. D.Providingserviceasavolunteer.5.WhydidJockSemplechaseKathrine?A.Tofollowherpace. B.Todefeatherintherace.C.Toforcehertoquit. D.Toremindheroftherules.6.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutKathrineinthelastparagraph?A.Herleadership. B.Herambition.C.Herpopularity. D.Hercontribution.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeKathrineaccordingtothepassage?A.Caringandsensitive. B.Fearlessandresponsible.C.Adventurousandkind. D.Courageousanddetermined.〖答案〗4.B5.C6.D7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯瑟琳·斯威策为争取女子参加马拉松运动而作出的努力。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“IfIquit,nobodywouldeverbelievethatwomenhadthecapabilitytorun26-plusmiles.IfIquit,everybodywouldsayitwasashow.Ifquit,itwouldsetwomen’ssportsback,wayback,insteadofforward…(如果我放弃了，没有人会相信女性有能力跑26英里以上。如果我放弃了，大家会说这是作秀。如果放弃，女子体育就会倒退，倒退，而不是前进……)”可推知，凯瑟琳希望在第71届波士顿马拉松比赛中展示女子的运动能力。故选B。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Getthehelloutofmyraceandgivemethosenumbers!”Jockyelled.Ashesaidthis,hegrabbedKathrineandtriedrippingherracenumbersoffhersweatshirt.(“滚出我的比赛，把那些号码给我！”运动员喊道。他一边说着，一边抓住凯瑟琳，想把她运动衫上的比赛号码扯下来)”可知，乔克·森普尔追着凯瑟琳是想逼她退出比赛。故选C。【6题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ShewasaprimaryforcebehindgettingwomenofficiallyacceptedintotheBostonmarathonin1972.HerleadershipalsopavedthewayfortheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoadmitthewomen’smarathonintothe1984OlympicGames.Hernumber261onthathistoricdayinBostonhasalsobecomeasymboloffearlessnessformillionsofwomenworldwide.(她是1972年让女性正式参加波士顿马拉松比赛的主要力量。她的领导也为国际奥委会将女子马拉松纳入1984年奥运会铺平了道路。她在波士顿那历史性的一天佩戴的号码261，也成为全球数百万女性无畏的象征)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了凯瑟琳的突出贡献。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“IfIquit,nobodywouldeverbelievethatwomenhadthecapabilitytorun26-plusmiles.IfIquit,everybodywouldsayitwasashow.Ifquit,itwouldsetwomen’ssportsback,wayback,insteadofforward…(如果我放弃了，没有人会相信女性有能力跑26英里以上。如果我放弃了，大家会说这是作秀。如果放弃，女子体育就会倒退，倒退，而不是前进……)”及最后一段“ShewasaprimaryforcebehindgettingwomenofficiallyacceptedintotheBostonmarathonin1972.HerleadershipalsopavedthewayfortheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoadmitthewomen’smarathonintothe1984OlympicGames.Hernumber261onthathistoricdayinBostonhasalsobecomeasymboloffearlessnessformillionsofwomenworldwide.(她是1972年让女性正式参加波士顿马拉松比赛的主要力量。她的领导也为国际奥委会将女子马拉松纳入1984年奥运会铺平了道路。她在波士顿那历史性的一天佩戴的号码261，也成为全球数百万女性无畏的象征)”可推知，凯瑟琳勇敢而坚定。故选D。CIsforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.8.WhatisDroll’sideaaboutforgiveness?A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.B.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.C.Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.D.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.9.WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph2illustrate?A.Toforgiveistolove. B.Tofightistogrow.C.Todominateistoharm. D.Togiveistoreceive.10.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardforgiveness?A.Objective. B.Reserved. C.Favorable. D.Skeptical.11.Whatismessageofthelastparagraph?A.Forgivenessisinournature. B.Forgivenessgrowswithtime.C.Actualityisbasedonpotentiality. D.Ittakespracticetoforgive.〖答案〗8.B9.C10.C11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.(在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.(研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?(例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用?)”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选C。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.(从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系。)”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支持的态度。故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.(值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选D。DIntheanimalkingdom,mimics(模仿)arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillarsresemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsomebees.Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtofrightenawaywould-bepredators.Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,withprotectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees’andbats’buzzingwere,indeed,similar.Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranchesforthemtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxes,andafterthebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramountofinsectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveralnon-buzzingsoundsmadebybats.Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswere

unequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakersastheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawayapredator.Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzingnoiseswhentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryisfarmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.12.WhatwasDr.Russo’shypothesisofthestudy?A.Batsimitatethevoiceofangrybeestofrightenawayenemies.B.Thebuzzingofbatsissimilartothesoundofsomebees.C.Auditorymimicryisrathercommonintheanimalkingdom.D.Onlysomebatshavethecapacityofauditorymimicry.13.HowdidDr.Russotesthisidea?A.Byconsultingexpertsinthisfield.B.Byreferringtootherscholars’analysis.C.Bycollectingcomputerdata.D.Byconductingseriesofscientificexperiments.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unequivocal”inparagraph5possiblymean?A.Disappointing. B.Controversial. C.Definite. D.Uncertain.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Batsgetanewtricktoscareawayowls.B.Batsmimicbuzzingtofrightenawaypredators.C.Batsarenolongervictimtoowls.D.Bats’auditorymimicrybehavioriswidespreadamonganimals.〖答案〗12.A13.D14.C15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Dr.Russo认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓跑敌人，为了验证他的想法，进行了一系列的实验。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.(他认为，有些蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰。)”可知，Dr.Russo对这项研究的假设是蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑敌人。故选A项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,withprotectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees’andbats’buzzingwere,indeed,similar.(为了验证这个想法，他和他的同事们首先记录了捕捉到的蝙蝠发出的嗡嗡声。然后，他们穿上防护服，开始了更危险的任务——记录不同蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡声。计算机分析显示，蜜蜂和蝙蝠的嗡嗡声确实相似。)”可知，Dr.Russo通过进行一系列的科学实验来验证他的想法。故选D项。【14题详析】词句猜测题。划线词句后文“Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakersastheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.(当他们听到蝙蝠和蜜蜂的嗡嗡声时，猫头鹰们尽可能地远离扬声器。相比之下，当没有嗡嗡声的蝙蝠叫声响起时，它们会悄悄靠近。)”说明，研究结果十分清楚明确。从而推知划线词句“(经过分析，结果是unequivocal.)”其中划线短语应为“明确的”的意思。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.(那不勒斯费德里科二世大学的DaniloRusso认为他发现了一个新的例子，他在《当代生物学》中描述了这一点。他认为，有些蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰。)”可知，全文描述了DaniloRusso认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑敌人，为了验证他的想法，进行了一系列的实验。B项“蝙蝠模仿嗡嗡声来吓跑捕食者。”符合题意，能概括文章主旨。故选B项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyarePoliceOfficersCalledCops?Policeofficersareoftenreferredtoascops.____16____Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.____17____SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.____18____AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.____19____Anditisnolongerconsideredrude.However,certainothertermsforpoliceofficersaredefinitelyunwelcome.WhileBritishPolicemightnotmindbeingcalled“bobbies”,nopolicemembersliketobereferredtoas“pigs”orthe“fuzz”.Somedon’tmindthetermthe“heat”asappliedtothewholepoliceforce,butthepoliceforcedoesnotgenerallytakekindlytotermsgiventothembycriminals.Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.____20____A.Thetermisslightlylessfamiliartopeople.B.So,theLatin,Dutch,andFrenchtermsareallsimilar.C.Thesewordsdefinesomeofwhatapoliceofficerdoes.D.Theprofessionofapoliceofficerwasnotrespectedthen.E.Buttheoriginsofthisnicknamearesomethingofadebate.F.However,theterm“policeofficer”isgenerallymostcorrect.G.Todayitisappropriatetocallmembersofthepoliceforcecops.〖答案〗16.E17.C18.B19.G20.F【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了警察为什么被称为cops的由来。【16题详析】根据下文“Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.(一些人认为这个词是“copper”的缩写，来自警察佩戴的铜徽章。也有人说它代表“警察总队”。)”可知，关于“cop”这个昵称的起源存在争议。因此推断E项“但这个绰号的起源却存在争议。”符合语境。故选E。【17题详析】根据上文“Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.(然而，关于“cop”一词起源的普遍共识表明，这个词更多地是基于警察的工作，而不是他的服装或头衔。在拉丁语中，动词capere可以被定义为“捕获”。在法语中，动词是caper。“Tocop”在英语中的意思是抓住或拿走。)”可知，在不同的语言中有不同的词定义了警察的部分工作，因此推断C项“这些词定义了警察的部分工作”总结上文，thesewords指代前文的词汇。故选C。【18题详析】根据上文“Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.(SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.（一些人还认为，荷兰语kapen也可以粗略地翻译为“偷窃或拿走”，与警察被称为coppers或cops有关。从本质上讲，警察的存在是为了把罪犯赶出街头。)”和下文“AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.(由于美式英语主要来源于德语、法语和拉丁语，kapen或capere的特定语言来源为“cop”一词创造了一条现成的路径。)”可知，荷兰语kapen可以粗略地翻译为“偷窃或拿走”，与警察被称为coppers或cops有关，美式英语来自德语，法语和拉丁语，因此推断B项“荷兰语和法语的术语都很相似”承上启下。故选B。【19题详析】根据下文“And

it

is

no

longer

considered

rude.(它不再被认为是粗鲁的。)”可知，现在称警察为cops不粗鲁，是合适的。因此推断G项“今天，把警察称为cop是恰当的。”符合语境，下文是对此的详细解释。故选G。【20题详析】根据上文“Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.(“cop”这个词现在被如此普遍地使用，以至于一个记录他们工作的节目被称为“Cops”。尽管J·埃德加·胡佛曾经强烈反对这个词，但现在把警察或女警察称为cop是可以的。)”可知，现在称呼apoliceman或者apolicewoman是最好的，与前一段是转折关系，因此推断F项“然而，“police

officer”这个术语通常是最正确的”。故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Oneday,mychildrenandIfoundahomeless,smallcattrappedinaburningbox.Shewas____21____injured,withmosthairsburned.WerescuedherandnamedherSmoky.Backatourranch(牧场)we____22____her.Weekslater,Smokylookedbetter,butwascompletely____23____duetomedicineonherskin.Shelookedsouglybutweadoredher.Myhusband,Bill,didn’t.Smoky____24____him,too.Why?Hewasapipesmoker____25____matchesandlightersthat____26____andburned.Everytimehelitupthepipe,Smokypanicked,____27____hiscoffeecupbeforefleeing.“Can’tIhaveany____28____here?”he’dcomplain,insteadofquittingsmokingthoughitharmedhishealth.____29____,Smokybecamemore_____30_____ofthepipeanditsowner.She’dlieonthesofaandlookatBillashesmoked.Onedayhelaughed,“Oh,thecatmakesmefeel_____31_____.”Slowly,Bill_____32_____smokedinthehouse,andonenight,surprisingly,IfoundSmokylyingonhislap.Billstartedlikingher.DuringSmoky’ssecondyear,shebegangrowingfur.Tinywhitehairsgraduallygrewlong.Billcontinuedtoenjoyher_____33_____,drivingaroundwithSmoky.Whenhegotoutofthetrucktocheckthe_____34_____ontheranch,heleftthecat_____35_____,lettingherenjoytheairconditioning.21.A.accidentally B.likely C.severely D.lightly22.A.treated B.trained C.caged D.entertained23.A.homeless B.hairless C.cured D.deserted24.A.resisted B.attacked C.disliked D.annoyed25.A.particularabout B.independentof C.fullof D.armedwith26.A.flashed B.sounded C.smoked D.slipped27.A.knockingover B.turningover C.takingaway D.pickingup28.A.coffee B.peace C.trouble D.right29.A.Soonerorlater B.Sofar C.Onoccasion D.Intime30.A.tired B.aware C.tolerant D.careful31.A.sick B.guilty C.cheerful D.content32.A.rarely B.occasionally C.casually D.continuously33.A.beauty B.gentleness C.warmth D.company34.A.cattle B.engine C.road D.weather35.A.behind B.aside C.inside D.out〖答案〗21.C22.A23.B24.C25.D26.A27.A28.B29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和孩子救了一只被烧伤的猫，猫一开始因为丈夫抽烟而害怕，到后来丈夫为了猫很少抽烟，猫也和丈夫亲近起来。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她受了重伤，大部分毛发都烧没了。A.accidentally意外地；B.likely可能地；C.severely严重地；D.lightly稍微。根据后文“injured,withmosthairsburned”可知，猫烧伤严重。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到我们的牧场，我们治疗了她。A.treated治疗；B.trained训练；C.caged关入聋子；D.entertained娱乐。根据后文“duetomedicineonherskin”可知，他们对猫进行了治疗。故选A。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几周后，斯莫基看起来好多了，但由于皮肤上的药物，她的头发完全掉光了。A.homeless无家可归的；B.hairless没有毛发的；C.cured被治愈的；D.deserted被抛弃的。根据后文“DuringSmoky’ssecondyear,shebegangrowingfur.(在斯莫基的第二年，她开始长毛)”可知，它一开始因为治疗毛发都掉光了。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯莫基也不喜欢他。A.resisted抵抗；B.attacked攻击；C.disliked不喜欢；D.annoyed惹恼。根据上文“Shelookedsouglybutweadoredher.Myhusband,Bill,didn’t.(她长得很丑，但我们都很喜欢她。我的丈夫比尔不是)”以及后文too，可知猫也不喜欢丈夫。故选C。【25题详析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：他是一个烟斗烟鬼，手里拿着火柴和打火机，火光闪烁，燃烧着。A.particularabout挑剔；B.independentof不依赖；C.fullof充满；D.armedwith装备。根据后文“matchesandlighters”可知，此处指丈夫因为抽烟所以配备着火柴和打火机。故选D。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是一个烟斗烟鬼，手里拿着火柴和打火机，火光闪烁，燃烧着。A.flashed闪光；B.sounded听起来；C.smoked冒烟；D.slipped滑动。根据上文“matchesandlightersthat”可知，火柴和打火机会发出光亮。故选A。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：每次他点燃烟斗，Smoky就惊慌失措，在逃跑之前把他的咖啡杯打翻。A.knockingover撞倒；B.turningover翻转；C.takingaway拿走；D.pickingup捡起。根据后文“hiscoffeecupbeforefleeing”可知，猫受到惊吓，打翻了咖啡杯。故选A。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我就不能有片刻安宁吗？”他会抱怨猫，而不是戒烟，尽管吸烟会损害他的健康。A.coffee咖啡；B.peace安宁；C.trouble麻烦；D.right权利。上文提到猫受到惊吓，打翻了咖啡杯，所以丈夫说不得安宁。故选B。【29题详析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，斯莫基对烟斗和它的主人变得更加宽容了。A.Soonerorlater迟早；B.Sofar到目前为止；C.Onoccasion偶尔；D.Intime逐渐地。后文提到猫躺在沙发上看着比尔抽烟，所以是随着时间推移逐渐习惯了。故选D。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，斯莫基对烟斗和它的主人变得更加宽容了。A.tired疲惫的；B.aware意识到的；C.tolerant宽容的，容忍的；D.careful仔细的。根据后文“She’dlieonthesofaandlookatBillashesmoked.(她躺在沙发上看着比尔抽烟)”可知，猫逐渐忍受主人抽烟了。故选C。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天，他笑着说:“哦，这只猫让我感到内疚。”A.sick生病的；B.guilty内疚的；C.cheerful高兴的；D.content满意的。根据后文比尔很少在家抽烟，猫和他变得亲近，说明他感到内疚，所以很少在家里抽烟。故选B。【32题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，比尔很少在家里抽烟了，一天晚上，我惊讶地发现斯莫基躺在他的腿上。A.rarely很少；B.occasionally偶尔；C.casually随意；D.conti