北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Itwasinthecoldmidwinter,andthewayfaringcouplewalkedthroughthecoldnight.Thefather-to-be___1___theroadside,seekingshelter,wherehisstrugglingcompanionmightrest___2___forthenight.Shelaboredalong,herwaymadeheavierbythenewlifegrowinginsideher.TheirnameswerePepperandCooper,apairofbeagles(米格鲁猎犬).GusKiebel,acountywildlifeofficer,wasdrivinghomefromworkwhenhe___3___thepairintheflashofhisheadlights.Itwassnowingsohard,buthecouldtellthedogswerewearingcollarsandtags.Whatweretheydoingoutherewhenitwastoocoldfordogstogooutside?Gusparkedhistruckand___4___theanimals.Hestretchedouthishandstothebeagles,whichmadeno___5___toescape.Hereadtheirtagsbyhistruck’sheadlights:thefemalewasnamedPepper,andthemalewasCooper.Hethencalledthenumberlisted,butitwassnowingsohardthathis___6___blurred.Heplacedthedogsontothepassengerseatandtheyweresnuggledtogetherthere.Gusdriedhisphoneanddialedthenumberagain.Amanansweredandimmediatelygrew___7___whenGustoldhimwhyhewascalling.“Igavethosedogsaway,”themansaid,“They’renotmineanymore.”Thesebeagleswere____8____.Gusnoticedtheirlargeeyespleading.Hethenbroughtthemhome.TheKiebelspreparedabedforthedogsontheirwarmenclosedporch,also____9____foodandwater.Theexhaustedanimalslaytogether.It’sasimplestory—peoplewhopracticekindnessgiveshelterfromastormtoahomelesscouple—butitspeakstothebestofour____10____.1.A.blocked B.guarded C.scanned D.identified2.A.safely B.happily C.quickly D.willingly3.A.tracked B.spotted C.ignored D.hunted4.A.patted B.protected C.tested D.approached5.A.effort B.meaning C.consensus D.contact6.A.truck B.screen C.mind D.headlight7.A.interested B.embarrassed C.defensive D.talkative8.A.avoided B.adopted C.appreciated D.abandoned9.A.givingout B.settingout C.puttingout D.carryingout10.A.nature B.talent C.pursuit D.advantage〖答案〗1.C2.A3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.D9.B10.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述格斯·基贝尔救助一对米格鲁猎犬的故事。【1题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位准爸爸察看路边，寻找避难所，在那里，他苦苦挣扎的同伴可以安全地休息过夜。A.blocked封锁；B.guarded守卫；C.scanned扫描，察看；D.identified鉴定。由下文“seekingshelter”可知，这个准爸爸狗在“察看”路边，寻找庇护所。故选C项。【2题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位准爸爸察看路边，寻找避难所，在那里，他苦苦挣扎的同伴可以安全地休息过夜。A.safely安全地；B.happily快乐地；C.quickly快速地；D.willingly很乐意地。由上文“inthecoldmidwinter”和“seekingshelter”可知，这指这准爸爸想让同伴在庇护所中“安全地”休息过一夜。故选A项。【3题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：县野生动物官员格斯·基贝尔下班开车回家时，在车灯的闪光中发现了这对动物。A.tracked跟踪；B.spotted看见；C.ignored忽略；D.hunted猎杀。由下文“intheflashofhisheadlights”以及语境可知，这里指格斯在灯光中“看见”了这两只狗。故选B项。【4题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯停好卡车，走近动物们。A.patted拍了拍；B.protected保护；C.tested测试；D.approached走近。由上文“parkedhistruck”以及语境可知，这里指格斯停好车向这对狗“走近”。故选D项。【5题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向米格鲁猎犬们伸出手，米格鲁猎犬们没有逃跑。A.effort努力；B.meaning意思；C.consensus共识；D.contact接触。由上文“hisstrugglingcompanion”和“itwastoocoldfordogs”以及下文“Theexhaustedanimalslaytogether”可知，这里指这两只狗在寒冷中已经精疲力尽了，遇到陌生人都不“努力”尝试逃跑了。故选A项。【6题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他拨打了列出的号码，但雪下得很大，他的屏幕都模糊了。A.truck卡车；B.screen屏幕；C.mind思维；D.headlight前照灯。由下文“Gusdriedhisphoneanddialedthenumberagain”可知，前面指雪水让“屏幕”模糊看不清。故选B项。【7题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个男人接了电话，当格斯告诉他为什么打电话时，他立刻开始有戒心了。A.interested感兴趣的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.defensive防御的，怀有戒心的；D.talkative健谈的。由下文“They’renotmineanymore”可知，这男的是不想要这两只狗，所以是“有戒备地”回答格斯的电话。故选C项。【8题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些米格鲁猎犬被遗弃了。A.avoided避免；B.adopted采纳；C.appreciated感谢；D.abandoned抛弃。由上文“They’renotmineanymore”可知，这里指这两条狗被“抛弃”了。故选D项。【9题详析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：基贝尔一家在温暖的封闭门廊上为狗准备了一张床，还安排了食物和水。筋疲力尽的动物们躺在一起。A.givingout分发；B.settingout出发，安排；C.puttingout扑灭；D.carryingout执行。由下文“foodandwate”以及语境可知，这里指基贝尔一家为狗们“安排”了食物和水。故选B项。【10题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的故事——实践善良的人为一对无家可归的夫妇提供风暴避难所，但这反映了我们本性中最好的一面。A.nature自然，本性；B.talent天赋；C.pursuit追求；D.advantage优势。由上文“peoplewhopracticekindnessgiveshelterfromastormtoahomelesscouple”可知，这里指善良是我们应该要拥有的“本性”。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Naturaldisasterscanmakepeopledependontheirneighborsinawaynothingelsedoes.Thesix-year-oldJermaine_____11_____(save)moneywithhisfamilyforadreamtriptoDisneyworldwhensuddenlytheirneighborhoodwasorderedtoevacuate(疏散)becauseofHurricaneDorian.Immediatelytheboydecidedtousehishard-earnedcash_____12_____(help)hisneighbors.Jermainestoodalongsideanearbyroad____13____(hand)outchips,hotdogs,andbottlesofwatertoevacuees.“Iwantedthemtohavesomefoodtoeat,”hesaid.“Iwantedtobekindandlivetogive.〖答案〗11.wassaving##hadsaved##hadbeensaving12.tohelp13.handing【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了男孩Jermaine用他的血汗钱来帮助他的邻居的暖心故事。【11题详析】考查动词时态。句意：6岁的杰梅因(Jermaine)和家人正在攒钱准备去迪斯尼世界的梦幻之旅，突然，由于飓风多里安(Dorian)，他们的邻居被命令撤离。设空处在句中作谓语，表示过去一直所做的事情，时态可以为过去进行时；结合句意也可以表示发生在“过去的过去”或过去正在进行的动作一直延续到过去的某个时间点，时态为过去完成时或过去完成进行时，主语为Thesix-year-oldJermaine，结合主谓一致，故填wassaving，hadsaved或hadbeensaving。【12题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：男孩立即决定用他的血汗钱来帮助他的邻居。设空处为句子的非谓语，固定短语usesthtodosth表示“用某物做某事”，设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填tohelp。【13题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他站在附近的一条路边，向撤离者分发薯条、热狗和瓶装水。“我想让他们有东西吃，”他说。“我想做个善良的人，活着就是为了给予。设空处在句中为非谓语，和其逻辑主语Jermaine之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语。故填handing。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Teenagefriendshipsarefunandcangrowintolifelongrelationships.Anewstudy,publishedinthejournalChildDevelopment,_____14_____(show)theseearlyfriendshipsdosomethingelse,too:prepareteens____15____parenting.Theresearchersfoundthattheteenswhoshowedmoreempathyfortheirclosefriendsweremore____16____(support)parentsinadulthood.Therefore,_____17_____yourfriendisstruggling,youcanpracticeshowingupandtryingtounderstandtheirperspective.〖答案〗14.shows##showed##hasshowed15.for16.supportive17.when##while##as##if##once【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，早期友谊可以让青少年为后期育儿做好准备。【14题详析】考查时态。句意：发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究表明，这些早期友谊也有其他作用：让青少年为育儿做好准备。这里考查谓语动词，主语Anewstudy，为第三人称单数形式，与show为主动关系，这里时态可用一般现在时表客观情况，也可用一般过去时表过去情况，也可用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响。故填shows或者showed或者hasshowed。【15题详析】考查介词。句意：发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究表明，这些早期友谊也有其他作用：让青少年为育儿做好准备。这里考查prepare...for，表“为……做准备”，为固定搭配。故填for。【16题详析】考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，对亲密朋友表现出更多同理心的青少年在成年后更支持父母。此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词。supportive，表“支持的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填supportive。【17题详析】考查状语从句。句意：因此，当你的朋友遇到困难时，你可以练习露面，试着理解他们的观点。这里考查状语从句，在由句意可知，此空可以填when、while或者as引导时间状语从句；也可以填if或者once引导条件状语从句。故填when或者while或者as或者if或者once。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。FoodinsecurityisdefinedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureasthelackofaccesstoenoughfoodforanactive,healthylife.Itisassociatedwithnegativesocialandhealthoutcomesand____18____(consider)acriticalpublichealthissue.Keydriversoffoodinsecurityincludeunemployment,poverty,andincomeshocks,____19____canpreventadequateaccesstofood.Luckily,multipleinterventionshavebeenshowntoreducefoodinsecurity,includingparticipationinfoodassistance_____20_____(program)andbroadersocietal-levelimprovementsineconomicstability.〖答案〗18.isconsidered##considered19.which20.programs【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了食品安全的原因以及保障食品安全的措施。【18题详析】考查谓语动词。句意：它与负面的社会和健康结果有关，被认为是一个严重的公共卫生问题。设空处在句中和and前的isassociated并列作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，故设空处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为it，结合主谓一致，应为isconsidered，其中is可省略。故填isconsidered/considered。【19题详析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：粮食不安全的主要驱动因素包括失业、贫困和收入冲击，这些因素会阻碍人们获得充足的粮食。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为unemployment,poverty,andincomeshocks。故填which。【20题详析】考查名词。句意：幸运的是，多种干预措施已被证明可以减少粮食不安全，包括参与粮食援助计划和更广泛的社会层面的经济稳定改善。设空处在句中作介词宾语，应用名词的形式，空前无限定词修饰，应用名词复数的形式。故填programs。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheSummerScienceProgram(SSP)isanonprofitorganizationthatprovidesanexperimentalscienceexperienceforhighschoolseniorswho’llsoongothroughcollegeapplication.Asoneoftheoldestpre-collegeenrichmentprograms,SSPisuniquelyrunbyformermembersofthiswonderfulcommunity.TheirpreviousexperienceswithSSPhaveledthemtoactivelysupporttheprogramthroughdonationsandvolunteering.Theprogramstructureinvolvestwelveteamsguidedbyafacultyofseven.Studentsworkinteamsofthreetoundertakeahands-onresearchproject,fosteringcollaboration,challenge,andinclusivity.Over39days,theseteamsdigintotheirresearch,formingaclose-knitlearningcommunity.AdmissiontoSSPisopentohighschooljuniorsglobally,withaholistic(整体的)approachthatvaluesacademicexcellenceandmotivation.Theprogramensuresdiversityandprovidesfinancialaidtoalladmittedstudents,makingsuretalentedyoungpeoplewon’getshutout.TheSSPcommunitythrivesoncooperativeresearch,offering,arefreshingreplacementtocompetitiveschoolenvironments.Theabsenceofexamsandgradesfocusesstudentsonpersonalgrowthandtheestablishmentofasupportivenetworkwithpeersandalumni.ResearchopportunitiesareavailableinfieldssuchasAstrophysics,Biochemistry,orGenomics.witheachprogramhostedbyauniversitypartner.Thecurriculumisadvanced,pacedforcollege-levelunderstanding,andintegratedwiththeresearchproject.Thescheduleispackedwithlearning,guestlecturesfromprofessionals,visitstoscientifieinstitutions,andsocialevents,ensuringawell-roundedandenjoyablesummerforparticipants.TheSSPexperienceisnotjustaboutscience;it’saboutpersonalandcommunalgrowth,makingitanenrichingandmemorableprogramforhighschoolseniors.21.WhatisspecialaboutSSP?A.It’soperatedbyformergraduates. B.It’sbuiltuponpreviousexperiences.C.Itrequiresrecommendationsbyfaculty. D.Itprovidesguidanceoncollegeapplication.22.TogetacceptedbySSP,participantsneedto_______.A.payacertainsumoffees B.adoptaholisticapproachC.beabletodesignprojects D.beexcellentinacademics23.AtSSP,participantswill_______A.haveafewexamstosit B.engageincompetitiveactivitiesC.getvariousresearchopportunities D.attendlecturesinscientificinstitutions〖答案〗21.A22.D23.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。暑期科学项目(SSP)是一个非营利组织，为即将申请大学的高中毕业生提供实验科学体验。短文介绍了关于它的相关信息。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“SSPisuniquelyrunbyformermembersofthiswonderfulcommunity”（SSP是由这个社区的前成员独一无二地经营的）可知，SSP的特别之处在于它是由以前的成员运营的。故选A。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AdmissiontoSSPisopentohighschooljuniorsglobally,withaholistic(整体的)approachthatvaluesacademicexcellenceandmotivation”（SSP向全球初中生开放，采用全方位的方法，重视学业成绩和学习动机）可知，SSP的录取标准是学术优秀和有动力。故选D。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“ResearchopportunitiesareavailableinfieldssuchasAstrophysics,Biochemistry,orGenomics”（研究机会可以在天体物理学、生物化学或基因组学等领域获得）可知，SSP的参与者将有各种研究机会。故选C。BYearsago,wewerelivinginabignicehouseandIwasgoingtothebestelementaryschoolinthecitywithmysiblings.Wehadeverythingwecouldhavewishedforandwewerestillaskingformore.Mr.Sanchezusedtomowourlawns.Hewasveryhardworking.Often,hewouldbringhissonthatwasmyage.HehadmodesttoysandmodestclothesandhehadahardtimefittinginwithusmainlybecauseIwastooproudtoconsiderhimmyequal.HisnamewasCabrielandhewasasmartboy,despiteallhis“shortcomings”.Dayswentbyandwespentourtimearoundeachotherbutwithoutanycloseconnection.Fastforwardtoacoupleofyearsandmyfather’sbusinesshittherockbottom.Hispartnertookawayallthemoneyandleftthecountry.Soonwehadtoleaveourbighouseandsettleintoasmalloneandwewerehavingahardtimemeetingotherexpenses.Mr.Sanchezwasverykindduringthattime.HeandGabrielcameonceaweekandhelpedmeandmysiblingsgetthingsinorder.ThatwaswhenGabrielandIbecamegoodfriends.WestartedtalkingintheeveningswhenIlearnthewasgoingtostartcollegeandhewasmuchsmarterthanme.Laterwecameupwithabusinessplanandfoundedastart-up.IfeltnoshameinconfessingthatCabrielwasmuchmoreinstrumentalintheriseofourcompany.Later,allofmyfather’sdebtwaspaidoffandwewereagainahappy,prosperousfamily.IwasatrulyrichmanbecauseIhadagreatfriendbymysideformywholelife.Thisexperiencewasavaluablelessonforme.Itdoesnottakealifeexperienceforpeopletogofromragstorichesortheotherwayaround.Whatisimportantissomeone’spersonandbehaviortowardhisotherfellowsinreallife.24.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sfamilyinhisearlyyears?A.Lifeexpenseswentupunexpectedly. B.Afinancialbreakdownhithisfamily.C.Theirhousewasillegallytakenaway. D.Theylostcloseconnectionwithothers.25.Whatchangedtheauthor’sattitudetowardsGabriel?A.Theirpartnershipinbusiness. B.TheproofofGabriel’scapability.C.Thechangeofhislivingcondition. D.TheconsistenthelpfromGabriel.26.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeGabriel?A.Intelligentandloyal. B.Persistentandambitious.C.Introvertedbutgenerous. D.Hardworkingbutmodest.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Likefather,likeson. B.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. D.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.〖答案〗24.B25.D26.A27.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从富裕到贫困再到重新崛起的经历，以及在这个过程中作者和为他家修剪草坪桑切斯先生儿子Gabriel成为一生朋友的故事。文章强调了人品和行为的重要性。【24题详析】细节理解题。由文章第三段“Dayswentbyandwespentourtimearoundeachotherbutwithoutanycloseconnection.Fastforwardtoacoupleofyearsandmyfather’sbusinesshittherockbottom.Hispartnertookawayallthemoneyandleftthecountry.(日子一天天过去，我们在一起，但没有任何密切的联系。快进到几年后，我父亲的生意跌至谷底。他的合伙人拿走了所有的钱，离开了这个国家。)”可知，早年，作者家庭遭遇了经济崩溃。故选B项。【25题详析】推理判断题。由文章第四段“Mr.Sanchezwasverykindduringthattime.HeandGabrielcameonceaweekandhelpedmeandmysiblingsgetthingsinorder.ThatwaswhenGabrielandIbecamegoodfriends.(桑切斯先生在那段时间非常善良。他和Gabriel每周来一次，帮我和我的兄弟姐妹把事情安排妥当。就在那时，Gabriel和我成了好朋友。)”可知，Gabriel的持续帮助改变了作者对他的态度。故选D项。【26题详析】推理判断题。由文章第二段“HisnamewasCabrielandhewasasmartboy,despiteallhis‘shortcomings’.(他的名字叫Gabriel，尽管他有‘缺点’，但他是个聪明的男孩。)”可知，Gabriel是一个聪明的孩子；再由第五段“Laterwecameupwithabusinessplanandfoundedastart-up.IfeltnoshameinconfessingthatCabrielwasmuchmoreinstrumentalintheriseofourcompany.(后来我们想出了一个商业计划，成立了一家初创公司。我毫不羞愧地承认，Gabriel在我们公司的崛起中发挥了更大的作用。)”可知，Gabriel一直陪伴作者身旁奋斗，所以是一个忠诚的人。故选A项。【27题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Thisexperiencewasavaluablelessonforme.Itdoesnottakealifeexperienceforpeopletogofromragstorichesortheotherwayaround.Whatisimportantissomeone’spersonandbehaviortowardhisotherfellowsinreallife.(这段经历对我来说是一个宝贵的教训。人们从赤贫到富裕或从富裕到赤贫，这并不能让我们得到生活经验。重要的是一个人在现实生活中对其他人的态度和行为。)”以及上文可知，文章主要讲作者改变对Gabriel的看法，最后成为好朋友的故事，所以D项Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.(切勿以貌取人。)符合语境。故选D项。CThevastmajorityofpeoplehaveanongoingconversationwiththemselves,aninnervoice,thatplaysanimportantroleintheirdailylives.Butbetween5to10percentofthepopulationdonothavetheexperienceofaninnervoice,andtheyfinditmoredifficulttoperformcertainverbalmemorytasks,newresearchshows.JohanneNedergardfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenandhercolleagueGaryLupyanarethefirstresearcherstoinvestigatewhetherthelackofaninnervoice,oranendophasiaastheyhavecoinedthecondition,hasanyconsequencesforhowthesepeoplesolveproblems,forexamplehowtheyperformverbalmemorytasks.Peoplewhoreportedthattheyeitherexperiencedahighdegreeofinnervoiceorverylittleinnervoiceineverydaylifeweresubjectedtooneexperimentthataimedtodeterminewhethertherewasadifferenceintheirabilitytorememberlanguageinputandoneabouttheirabilitytofindrhymewords.Thefirstexperimentinvolvedtheparticipantsrememberingwordsinorder—wordsthatweresimilar,eitherphoneticallyorinspelling,e.g.“bought”“caught”.Theparticipantswithoutaninnervoiceweresignificantlyworseatrememberingthewords.Thesameappliedtoanassignmentinwhichtheparticipantshadtodeterminewhetherapairofpicturescontainedwordsthatrhyme,e.g.picturesofasockandaclock.Here,too,itiscrucialtobeabletorepeatthewordsinordertocomparetheirsoundsandthusdeterminewhethertheyrhyme.AccordingtoNedergard,thedifferencesinverbalmemorythattheyhaveidentifiedintheirexperimentswillnotbenoticedinordinaryeverydayconversations.Andthequestionis,doesnothavinganinnervoiceholdanypracticalorbehavioralsignificance?Sofar,theresearchersarenotsurebecausetheyareonlyontheverybeginningofawholeprocessofstudy.Butthereisonefieldwheretheysuspectthathavinganinnervoiceplaysarole,andthatistherapy;inthewidelyusedcognitivebehavioraltherapy,forexample,youneedtoidentifyandchangeadversethoughtpatterns,andhavinganinnervoicemaybeveryimportantinsuchaprocess.However,itisstilluncertainwhetherdifferencesintheexperienceofaninnervoicearerelatedtohowpeoplerespondtodifferenttypesoftherapy.Nedergardsaidshewouldliketocontinueherresearchtofindoutwhetherotherlanguageareasareaffectedifyoudonothaveaninnervoice.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coined”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Assessed. B.Revised. C.Created. D.Discovered.29.Theresearchersusethepicturesofasockandaclockto_____.A.displayhowpeoplepickupdifferentwords B.seehowpeopledifferindegreesofinnervoiceC.explainwhysomeparticipantscanrepeatwords D.assessagroup’sabilitytorememberwordsinorder.30.Nedergardwillprobablyagreethatpeoplewithoutaninnervoice______.A.havepoorerverbalmemory B.showtraitsindailyconversationsC.canobtainitthroughtraining D.haveseriousproblemsinlearning〖答案〗28.C29.B30.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。绝大多数人都与自己进行持续的对话，内心的声音在他们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。研究人员通过研究想知道这种内心对话的作用和意义。【28题详析】词句猜测题。“thelackofaninnervoice”和“anendophasia”是意义一致的，再根据划线单词后的condition可知，endophasia是研究人员研究“缺乏内心的声音”时创造的条件，所以划线单词的意义为“创造”，与C项“Created”意义一致。故选C项。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Peoplewhoreportedthattheyeitherexperiencedahighdegreeofinnervoiceorverylittleinnervoiceineverydaylifeweresubjectedtooneexperimentthataimedtodeterminewhethertherewasadifferenceintheirabilitytorememberlanguageinputandoneabouttheirabilitytofindrhymewords.(那些报告自己在日常生活中经历过高度内心声音或很少内心声音的人接受了一项实验，旨在确定他们记忆语言输入的能力和寻找押韵词的能力是否存在差异。)”和第三段的实验“Thefirstexperimentinvolvedtheparticipantsrememberingwordsinorder—wordsthatweresimilar,eitherphoneticallyorinspelling,e.g.“bought”“caught”.Theparticipantswithoutaninnervoiceweresignificantlyworseatrememberingthewords.Thesameappliedtoanassignmentinwhichtheparticipantshadtodeterminewhetherapairofpicturescontainedwordsthatrhyme,e.g.picturesofasockandaclock.Here,too,itiscrucialtobeabletorepeatthewordsinordertocomparetheirsoundsandthusdeterminewhethertheyrhyme.(在第一个实验中，参与者按顺序记住发音或拼写相似的单词，例如“bought”和“caught”。没有内心声音的参与者在记忆单词方面明显更差。在另一项任务中，参与者必须确定一组图片是否包含押韵的单词，例如袜子和时钟的图片。在这里，能够重复单词也是至关重要的，这样可以比较它们的发音，从而确定它们是否押韵。)”可以推论出，研究人员使用袜子和时钟的图片是为了看看人们在内心对话方面如何不同。故选B项。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中Nedergard做的实验“Thefirstexperimentinvolvedtheparticipantsrememberingwordsinorder—wordsthatweresimilar,eitherphoneticallyorinspelling,e.g.“bought”“caught”.Theparticipantswithoutaninnervoiceweresignificantlyworseatrememberingthewords.(在第一个实验中，参与者按顺序记住发音或拼写相似的单词，例如“bought”和“caught”。没有内心声音的参与者在记忆单词方面明显更差。)”可以推论出，Nedergard可能会同意没有内心声音的人言语记忆较差。故选A项。DNaturevs.NurtureCuriosityhasalwaysbeenoneofthemostinnateandprevailingqualitiesofhumankind.Ourendlesspursuitoftruthandreasonshasresultedinalotofcrucialdiscoveriesintheworld.However,themoreweuncovertheworld,themoreweendupgeneratingmorequestionstoanswer.Outofallthewondersoftheworld,humanpsychologyisdeemedtobeoneofthemostcontroversial.Thecomplexityofthemindanditsreflectiononhumanbehaviorhasbeenasubjectofmanystudiesanddebates.Oneoftheoldestand,still,mosttalkedaboutanargumentinpsychologyisthenatureagainstnurturedebate.Naturereferstothebiologicalstructureandprocessesthatdetermineaperson’sphysicalandbehavioralattributes.Duetotheadvancementofgenetics,scientistshaveuncoveredthatphysicaltraitssuchaseyecolor,hairtype,height,andlifeexpectancyofapersoncanstronglyberelatedtothegeneticmakeup.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothespeculationthatmostpsychologicalcharacteristicslikeintellect,personality,andlanguageacquisitionabilityarealreadypre-wiredtooursystemthroughourgeneticpattern.Incontrast,nurturetheorysuggeststhatbehaviorishonedfromsocio-culturalfactors.ThistheoryisguidedbyJohnLocke’s“blankslate”theory,whichreferstotheideathatthehumanmind,initsprimalstate,isablankslatethatisgraduallyfilledinwithinformationderivedfromdirectandindirectexperiences.Thistheorystatespeople’scharacteristicsandbehavioraldiversityattendresultsofsocialandculturalinfluencesencounteredduringtheirdevelopment.ThetermNaturevs.NurturedebatewasputforwardbySirFrancisGalton,whobelievedthatintellectisaquantifiableandhereditary(遗传的)humantrait.Healsobelievedthatintellectcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Thus,peoplewithhighintelligencehaveamajorchanceofhavinghighlyintellectualoffspring,whilepeoplehavinglowerthanaverageintellectaremorelikelytohavelowintellectualoffspring.However,thebelieversofnurturetheorybelievedthatintellectualabilityattendstheresultofinequalitiesinaccesstoresourcesandopportunities.Thus,intellectisnotaproductofhereditybutmoreofaresultofthesocialconstruct.Countlessresearchandexperimentationhavebeenconductedtoputanendtotheseeminglyendlessdebate.Psychologistsandresearchersofthepresentalreadyembracetheideathataperson’scharacterishighlyinfluencedbyhisgeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Theyearsoflaboredresearchonnatureandnurturetheoryfinallyhavebornfruits.Technologyandresearchhaveexpandedabetterunderstandingofthehumanpersonalityandmind,andwilljustcontinuouslydoastimepassesby.31.Whydoestheauthormention“curiosity”inthefirstparagraph?A.Topredicttheresearchresults. B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofexploring.C.Toleadtotheargumentofnatureagainstnurture. D.Toraisethereader’sinterestinthetheoryofnature.32.WhatdoesJohnLocke’s“blankslate”theorysuggest?A.Humanmindisalwaysblank. B.People’sbehaviorsarelearned.C.Behaviorisdeterminedgenetically. D.Culturehaslittleinfluenceonhuman.33.WhatistheattitudeofSirFrancisGaltontowardsthetheoryofnurture?A.Disapproving. B.Supportive. C.Neutral. D.Cautious.34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Thetheoryofnatureisnotacceptedbythepublic.B.Thetheoryofnurtureisbasedonthetheoryofnature.C.Thesupportersofthetwotheoriesagreewitheachother.D.Thetheoryofnatureandthetheoryofnurturebothmakesense.〖答案〗31.C32.B33.A34.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于人性的先天论与后天论的争论。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thecomplexityofthemindanditsreflectiononhumanbehaviorhasbeenasubjectofmanystudiesanddebates.Oneoftheoldestand,still,mosttalkedaboutanargumentinpsychologyisthenatureagainstnurturedebate.(心灵的复杂性及其在人类行为上的反映一直是许多研究和争论的主题。在心理学中最古老也是至今仍最被热议的一个论题就是先天与教养的辩论)”可知，文章开头提到好奇心是为了引出人类对世界真理的追求，最终导向对人类心理复杂性的探讨，从而引入“先天与教养”的辩论主题，作者在第一段中提到“好奇心”是为了引出关于天性与教养辩论的探讨。故选C。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ThistheoryisguidedbyJohnLocke’s“blankslate”theory,whichreferstotheideathatthehumanmind,initsprimalstate,isablankslatethatisgraduallyfilledinwithinformationderivedfromdirectandindirectexperiences.Thistheorystatespeople’scharacteristicsandbehavioraldiversityattendresultsofsocialandculturalinfluencesencounteredduringtheirdevelopment.(这一理论是以约翰·洛克的“白板说”为指导的，该学说认为人的大脑在最初状态时是一块白板，会逐渐通过直接和间接的经验填充信息。这一理论认为，人们的特性和行为多样性是他们在成长过程中所遇到的社会和文化影响的结果)”可知，“白板说”强调的是人们的行为是通过学习获得的。故选B。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“ThetermNaturevs.NurturedebatewasputforwardbySirFrancisGalton,whobelievedthatintellectisaquantifiableandhereditary(遗传的)humantrait.Healsobelievedthatintellectcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.(“先天与教养”的辩论这一术语是由弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出的，他认为智力是一种可量化的并且可以遗传的人类特质。他也相信智力可以从一代传给另一代)”及“However,thebelieversofnurturetheorybelievedthatintellectualabilityattendstheresultofinequalitiesinaccesstoresourcesandopportunities.Thus,intellectisnotaproductofhereditybutmoreofaresultofthesocialconstruct.(然而，教养理论的支持者认为，智力能力是由于获取资源和机会不平等的结果。因此，智力并不是遗传的产物，而是更多地源于社会建构的结果)”可知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿对教养理论持反对态度，因为他更强调智力的遗传性和可遗传性。故选A。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Psychologistsandresearchersofthepresentalreadyembracetheideathataperson’scharacterishighlyinfluencedbyhisgeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.(现在的心理学家和研究者们已经接受了这样一个观点：一个人的性格受到其基因构成和环境的极大影响)”可知，作者认为天性和教养的理论都具有一定的道理，因为它们都在某种程度上影响着人类的性格和行为。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoesNormMatter?Simplyput,anormisarulethatguidesbehavioramongmembersofasocietyorgroup.Normsaresocialfacts:thingswhichexistinsocietyindependentofindividuals,andthatshapeourthoughtsandbehavior._____35_____.Whilewecanunderstandnormssimplyasrulesthattelluswhatweshouldorshouldn’tdo,there’smuchmoretothemthatsociologistsfindinterestingandworthyofstudy.Forexample,sociologicalfocusisoftendirectedathownormsaredisseminatedhowwecometolearnthem.Theprocessofsocializationisguidedbynormsandtaughttousbythosearoundus,includingourfamilies,teachers,andauthorityfiguresfromreligion,politics,law,andpopularculture._____36_____Wedothisalotaschildren,butwealsodoitasadultsinunfamiliarspaces,amongnewgroupsofpeople,orinplaceswevisitforthistime.Learningthenormsofanygivenspaceorgroupallowsustofunctioninthatsetting,andtobeacceptedbythosepresent.Asknowledgeofhowtooperateintheworld,normsareanimportantpartoftheculturalcapitalthateachofuspossessesandembodies.Theyare,infact,culturalproductsandareculturallycontextual,andtheyo