辽宁省大连市普兰店区第二中学2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中试题含解析

PAGEPAGE26辽宁省大连市普兰店区其次中学2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）总分：150分时间：120分钟第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whoisgoingabroad?A.Lucy.B.Jane.C.Mary.2.Whattimedoesthetrainleave?A.At11∶00tonight.B.At6∶10tomorrowmorning.C.At11∶00tomorrowmorning.3.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Acouple.C.Colleagues.4.Wherehasthewomanbeen?A.Thesupermarket.B.Thepostoffice.C.Therestaurant.5.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.Drivethewomantotheairport.B.Pickuphisdaughter.C.Buyabirthdaygift.其次节共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Pocketmoney.B.Part－timejobs.C.Theman'sparents.7.HowlongdoesthemanlookafterthebabyeveryFriday?A.Fortwohours.B.Forthreehours.C.Forfourhours.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whydidthemanhaveanoperation?A.Hetookdrugsmistakenly.B.Hehadastomachproblem.C.Hefeltpainfulallthetime.9.Howdidthemanfeelshortlyaftertheoperation?A.Relieved.B.Puzzled.C.Uncomfortable.10.Wheredoesthewomansuggestthemangowithher?A.Toahospital.B.Toarestaurant.C.Toagrocerystore.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdidthemanknowthegooddeals?A.HesawanadvertisementonTV.B.Heheardanadvertisementontheradio.C.Hereadanadvertisementinthenewspaper.12.Whatsizesuitwillthemanmostprobablytake?A.Size42.B.Size41.C.Size40.13.Whichcolordoesthemandislike?A.Darkgray.B.Lightgreen.C.Navyblue.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.What'sthewoman?A.Areceptionist.B.Asaleswoman.C.Amanager.15.Whatisthenameoftheman?A.CharlesC.Nelson.B.CharlesT.Nelson.C.CharlesNelson.16.Whatisthedatetoday?A.May19th.B.May18th.C.May17th.17.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$250.B.$225.C.$200.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeakervolunteeringasintheorganization?A.Adoctor.B.Anengineer.C.Afoodexpert.19.WhatisrequiredtobecomeavolunteerforMSF?A.Theskillindesigningwebsites.B.Theabilitytoworkindependently.C.Thegreatinterestinleadingateam.20.Whatisthespeaker'spurpose?A.Tointroducesomedemandingpositions.B.Tosharehervolunteeringexperience.C.Tolookforvolunteersforanorganization.其次部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AFriendsandBuddiesThisprogramisplannedforchildrenwhohavespecialneedswiththegoalofmeetingwithinacommunitywithotherpeers.Thepurposeoftheprogramisthatitwillleadtoabetterunderstandingoffriendship.Gym,Swim,SurpriseGuest,andPizzaareincluded.Ages12—18,numbersofmembersarelimited.Contact:GloriaBass.Thisprogramisheld2Fridayspermonth.Forfree.ClubSaturdaySwimThisprogramisavailabletoanyoneaged5—14whoischallengedbymental,physical,oremotionaltrouble.TheprogramwillbeheldfreeofchargeeachSaturdayafternoon,12:00—12:30pmor12:30—1:00pm.SibshopsSibshopsisaprogramforsiblingsofchildrenwithchallenges.Itincludesgroupactivitiesandtalktreatmentwayswiththefocusonimprovingsiblingrelationshipsandwholefamilyhappiness.Ages10—13.Location:HopeChurch,WiltonCT.Wednesday:4:00—5:00pm.Fees:$50/$65BananaSplitsBananaSplitsisaneducationalsupportgroupforchildreninfamilytrouble.Childrenaged9—13willhavetheopportunitytomeetotherchildrenwhoseparentshaveseparatedordivorced,learntorecognizefeelings,thinkofhealthycopingskillsandhaveaplacetosharetheirstrugglesthroughverbal,physical,andartisticexperiences.Location:HopeChurch,WiltonCT.Tuesday:4:30—5:30pm.Fees:$50/$651.Activitiesonhowtoleadtoabetterunderstandingoffriendshipareheld______.A.2Fridayspermonth B.eachSaturdayafternoonC.4:30—5:30pm,Tuesday D.4:00—5:00pm,Wednesday2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefourpassages?A.Theyareallheldatthesameplace. B.Theyareallfreeofcharge.C.Theyareallintendedforchildren. D.Theyallholdactivitieseachweek.3.Thepurposeofthispassageisto________.A.helpchildrendealwiththeirtrouble B.encouragechildrentobehappyandbraveC.listsomeproblemschildrenmeetwith D.advertisesomeprogramsforchildren【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个针对孩子开展的项目状况，介绍了项目的特色、针对年龄段、时间和费用等信息。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Thepurposeoftheprogramisthatitwillleadtoabetterunderstandingoffriendship.(这个项目的目的是为了更好地理解友情)”以及“Thisprogramisheld2Fridayspermonth.(这个项目在每个月的两个星期五实行)”可知，关于如何更好地了解友情的活动在每个月的两个星期五实行。故选A。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Thisprogramisplannedforchildrenwhohavespecialneedswiththegoalofmeetingwithinacommunitywithotherpeers.(这个项目是为有特别须要的儿童支配的，目标是在社区内与其他同龄人见面)”；其次段中“Thisprogramisavailabletoanyoneaged5—14whoischallengedbymental,physical,oremotionaltrouble.(这个项目适用于年龄在5岁到14岁，受到精神、身体或情感问题挑战的人)”；第三段中“Sibshopsisaprogramforsiblingsofchildrenwithchallenges.(Sibshops是一个为有困难的儿童的兄弟姐妹供应的项目)”以及最终一段中“BananaSplitsisaneducationalsupportgroupforchildreninfamilytrouble.Childrenaged9—13willhavetheopportunitytomeetotherchildrenwhoseparentshaveseparatedordivorced,learntorecognizefeelings,thinkofhealthycopingskillsandhaveaplacetosharetheirstrugglesthroughverbal,physical,andartisticexperiences.(BananaSplits是一个为有家庭问题的孩子供应教化支持的组织。9到13岁的孩子将有机会见到其他父母分居或离婚的孩子，学习识别情感，思索健康的应对技巧，并有一个地方通过语言、身体和艺术体验来共享他们的挣扎)”可知，关于项目的说法中，C选项“它们都是为孩子准备的”正确。故选C。3题详解】推理推断题。依据文章主要介绍了四个针对孩子开展的项目状况，介绍了项目的特色、针对年龄段、时间和费用等信息。可推知，文章的目的是为一些儿童项目做广告。故选D。BToomanypeoplewantotherstobetheirfriends,buttheydon’tgivefriendshipback.Thatiswhysomefriendshipsdon’tlastverylong.Tohaveafriend,youmustlearntobeone.Youmustlearntotreatyourfriendthewayyouwantyourfriendtotreatyou.Learningtobeagoodfriendmeanslearningthreerules:behonest;begenerous;beunderstanding.Honestyiswhereagoodfriendshipstarts.Friendsmustbeabletotrustoneanother.Ifyoudon’ttellthetruth,peopleusuallyfindout.Ifafriendfindsoutthatyouhaven’tbeenhonestyoumayloseyourfriend’strust.Goodfriendsalwaysexpectoneanothertospeakandacthonestly.Generositymeanssharingandmakesafriendshipgrow.Youdon’thavetogiveyourlunchmoneyoryourclothes.Instead,youhavetolearnhowtoshareyourideasandfeelings.Thesecanbeveryvaluabletofriends.Theytellyourfriendswhatisimportanttoyou.Bysharingthem,youhelpyourfriendsknowyoubetter.Soonerorlatereveryoneneedsunderstandingandhelpwithproblems.Somethingmaygowrongatschool.Talkingabouttheproblemcanmakeiteasiertosolve.Turningtoafriendforhelpcanbeafirststepinsolvingtheproblem.Sotobeafriendyoumustlistenandunderstand.Youmusttrytoputyourselfinyourfriend’splacesoyoucanunderstandtheproblembetter.Notwofriendshipsarecompletelyalike.Butalltruefriendshipshavethreethingsincommon.Ifyouplantokeepyourfriends,youmustpracticehonesty,generosityandunderstanding.4.Somefriendshipsdon’tlastlongbecause________.A.therearetoomanypeoplewhowanttomakefriendsB.somepeoplereceivefriendshipbutnevergiveitbackC.theydonotknowthatfriendshipissomethingseriousD.thosewhogiveothersfriendshipalsoreceivefriendship5.Accordingtothepassage,honestyis________.A.somethingunderstanding B.thebaseoffriendshipC.agoodwaytosolveproblems D.moreimportantthanmoney6.Inthethirdparagraph,theunderlinedword“they”refersto________.A.generosityandfriendship B.generosityandsharingC.yourideasandfeelings D.yourmoneyandclothes7.Whatcanbeapropertitleforthetext?A.HonestyIsMostValuable B.AFriendInNeedIsaFriendIndeedC.HowToBeaGoodFriend D.ThreeImportantPointsInLife【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。许多人在交挚友时，只想要对方的付出友情，而自己却不付出，这样的友情不会持续太长时间。如何做一个好挚友呢，这篇短文告知我们应当学会三个原则：诚恳、慷慨、善解人意。【4题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Toomanypeoplewantotherstobetheirfriends,buttheydon’tgivefriendshipback.Thatiswhysomefriendshipsdon’tlastverylong.(太多的人希望别人成为他们的挚友，但他们不赐予友情回报。这就是为什么有些友情不会持续很长时间)”可知，有些友情不会许久，因为有些人得到友情却从不回报。故选B。【5题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“Honestyiswhereagoodfriendshipstarts.(诚恳是一段美妙友情的起先)”可知，诚恳是友情的基础。故选B。【6题详解】词句揣测题。依据画线词上文“Instead,youhavetolearnhowtoshareyourideasandfeelings.Thesecanbeveryvaluabletofriends.”以及后文“tellyourfriendswhatisimportanttoyou”可知，你必需学会如何共享你的想法和感受，这些对挚友来说很有价值，你的想法和感受会告知你的挚友什么对你是重要的。故画线词指的是“你的想法和感受”。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。依据第一段中“Tohaveafriend,youmustlearntobeone.Youmustlearntotreatyourfriendthewayyouwantyourfriendtotreatyou.Learningtobeagoodfriendmeanslearningthreerules:behonest;begenerous;beunderstanding.(要有挚友，先学会做挚友。你必需学会以你希望挚友怎样对待你的方式来对待挚友。学习做一个好挚友意味着学习三条规则：诚恳，慷慨，善解人意)”结合文章说明白许多人在交挚友时，只想要对方的付出友情，而自己却不付出，这样的友情不会持续太长时间。如何做一个好挚友呢，这篇短文告知我们应当学会三个原则：诚恳、慷慨、善解人意。故C选项“如何成为一个好挚友”最符合文章标题。故选C。CFromthemoontoMars,scientistshavebeenhuntingforalienlifeinthesolarsystemfordecades.However,Venuswasnotregardedasanidealplacebecauseofitshottemperatureanddryatmosphere.ButarecentdiscoveryoftrucesofagasinthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,asitmayserveasapotentialsignoflife.OnSept14,theRoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientistshavedetectedphosphine(磷化氢)inthecloudsofVenus.Phosphineisacolor-less,toxicgasthathasasmellofgarlic.Thoughitcontainspoison,itisviewedasapossiblesignoflifebecauseonEarththegasismadebymicroorganisms(微生物)thatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.“Iwasverysurprised-stunned,infact,”astronomerJaneGreavesofCardiffUniversityinWalesandleadauthoroftheresearchtoldMSN,“ThereisachancethatwehavedetectedsomekindoflivingorganisminthecloudsofVenus.”Thislayerofcloudsisabout48kilometersabovetheVenussurfacewithitstemperaturerangingfrom30to200degreesFahrenheit(about-1to93°C).ScientistshaveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeck(云盖)islikelytheonlyplacewhereitwouldsurvive.ScientistswentthrougheverypossibilitythatcouldhaveledtotheformationofphosphinegasinVenusclouds,includingvolcanoes,lightningstrikes,smallmeteorites(陨石)fallingintotheatmosphere.Buttheyruledallofthemout.ItwasconcludedthatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenusclouds,otherthanthepresenceoflife,USATodayreported.Althoughthedetectionofphosphineisnotstrongevidenceforlife,thisfindingisgreatenoughtochangescientists’viewonVenus,whichisthoughtobeacompletelyinhospitable(不适合居住的)planet.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toxic”inParagraph2mean?A.waste. B.poisonous. C.useful. D.clean.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Theclouddeckisrichinphosphine.B.ThehigherthecloudisaboveVenus,thewarmeritis.C.VariouslivingorganismshavebeendetectedoilVenus.D.IflifeexistsonVenus,itislikelyintheclouddeck.10.WhatdidscientistsconcludeaboutthephosphinegasdetectedonVenus?A.Itcouldbeformedasaresultofthefallingofmeteorites.B.ItcouldbeasignthatthereislifeinVenus9clouds.C.Itcouldhecausedbyvolcanoesandlightningstrikes.D.ItprovesthatVenusisanotherhospitableplanet.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AnewlydetectedgasmayindicatepossibleexistenceoflifeonVenus.B.ScientistsfoundthemosthospitableplaceonVenus.C.PhosphinethathasbeenformedonVenusmeansalienlifeispresent.D.TheenvironmentonVenuschangedinfavoroflife.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲解并描述了一种新探测到的气体（磷化氢）可能表明金星上可能存在生命。【8题详解】词句揣测题。依据其次段中“Thoughitcontainspoison,itisviewedasapossiblesignoflifebecauseonEarththegasismadebymicroorganisms(微生物)thatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.(尽管它含有有毒物质，但它被视为可能存在生命的迹象，因为在地球上，这种气体是由生活在无氧环境中的微生物产生的。)”由讲解并描述它含有有毒物质，可知，划线词toxic意为“有毒的”。故选B项。【9题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第四段中“ScientistshaveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeck(云盖)islikelytheonlyplacewhereitwouldsurvive.(科学家们认为，假如金星上存在生命，那么这个云盖可能是生命存在的唯一地方。)”可知，假如金星上有生命存在，那很可能是在云盖上。故选D项。【10题详解】推理推断题。依据第四段中“ScientistshaveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeck(云盖)islikelytheonlyplacewhereitwouldsurvive.(科学家们认为，假如金星上存在生命，那么这个云盖可能是生命存在的唯一地方。)”和最终一段中“ItwasconcludedthatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenusclouds,otherthanthepresenceoflife,USATodayreported.(据《今日美国》报道，得出的结论是，除了生命的存在，无法说明金星云层中这种气体的存在。)”可知，关于在金星上探测到的磷化氢气体，科学家认为这可能是金星云层中存在生命的迹象。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。依据第一段中“ButarecentdiscoveryoftrucesofagasinthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,asitmayserveasapotentialsignoflife.(但最近在金星云层中发觉的一种气体令天文学家们兴奋不已，因为它可能是生命的潜在迹象。)”和其次段中“OnSept14,theRoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientistshavedetectedphosphine(磷化氢)inthecloudsofVenus.(9月14日，加拿大皇家天文学会宣布，科学家们在金星的云层中检测到了磷化氢。)”可知，本文主要讲解并描述了一种新探测到的气体（磷化氢）可能表明金星上可能存在生命。故选A项。DSometermite(白蚁)specieshavefiguredouthowtoenjoytheshelterofthehugecomplexneststhattheinsectsbuildwithoutcontributingtotheirconstruction.Theyavoidthefullangeroftheirbuilderhostsbybeingextremelyeasy-going.Animalsthatliveinthenestsofanotherspecieswithoutaffectingthemareknownasinquilines.Inquilinetermitesareuniqueamongtermitesinbeingunabletomaketheirownnests.Instead,theyliveinthehallwaysbuiltbyanothertermite,Constrictotermescyphergaster.Untilnow,ithasbeenunclearhowthetwopartieskeptpeacefulinsuchtightquartersbecausetermitesaretypicallyveryaggressivetowardsoutsiders.HelderHugoattheUniversityofKonstanzinGermanyandhiscolleaguescollectedConstrictotermescyphergaster’snestsintheBrazilianCerradoandbroughtthemintothelaboratory.Theythenplacedhostandtenant(房客)termitesineitheropenornarrowareasandusedvideototrackandrecordthewaysinwhichthetwospeciesreactedtoeachother.Rightfromthestart,theinquiline’termitesmovedaroundlessthantheirhostsandinteractedlittlewiththem,eveninthemuchnarrowerarea.“Manytimes,”saysHugo,“whentwounrelatedgroupsareputtogetherinalimitedspace—suchasanexperimentalarea—theoutcomeisconflictwithlossesfrombothsides.”Butthatdidn’thappenhere.Despiteattacksfromhosttermites,thetenanttermiteswereobedient.Hostswouldbiteorattacktheinquilineswithstrongchemicals,buttheirtargetsneverrespondedinthesameway,choosingtoflee.Someignoredthehostscompletely.“Wedidnotexpectthattheywouldneverfightback”saysHugo,notingthattheinquilinesarecapableofprotectingtheirownplacewithmouths.“Bypreventingconflictgoingworse,inquilinetermitesmayconsiderablyimprovetheirchancesoflivingtogetherwiththeirhosttermitespeacefully.”“Passivenessdoesnotnecessarilyleadtodefeat,butcanbeaveryusefulstrategy,savingenergyandresources,”sheadds.“Naturemaynotalwaysberedintoothandclaw,andaggressionisnotanymoresuccessfulastrategythan‘cowardice’(儒弱).”12.Whatisthefeatureoftheinquilinetermites?A.Theyliveinanothertermitespecies’nests.B.Theyareaggressivetowardsoutsiders.C.Theyliketobuildtheirownnests.D.Theyarecommunicativetenants.13.Whatdoyoulearnabouttheexperimentinparagraph3?A.Thedifferencesbetweenthetwospecies.B.Thefindingsoftheobservation.C.Thelivinghabitsoftermites.D.Theprocessoftheresearch.14.WhatdoesHugothinkoftheinquilinetermites’livingstrategy?A.Aggressive. B.Unacceptable. C.Effective. D.Dangerous.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheCharacteristicsofTermitesBPassivenessDoesn’tNecessarilyLeadtoDefeatC.TheRelationshipBetweenHostandTenantTermitesD.TermitesUseCowardicetoAvoidTheirHosts’Anger【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了借居白蚁自己不筑巢，而是借居在别的白蚁的巢穴中，这些白蚁用示弱来躲避巢穴主子的生气。【12题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段关键句“Inquilinetermitesareuniqueamongtermitesinbeingunabletomaketheirownnests.Instead,theyliveinthehallwaysbuiltbyanothertermite,Constrictotermescyphergaster.”（在白蚁中，借居白蚁是独特的，它们不能够自己筑巢。相反，它们生活在另一种白蚁Constrictotermescyphergaster建立的巢穴里。）可知，借居白蚁是独特的，它们不能够自己筑巢，而是生活在另一种白蚁建立的巢穴中。由此可知，借居白蚁的特征是它们生活在另一种白蚁的巢穴里。故选A项。【13题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段内容“HelderHugoattheUniversityofKonstanzinGermanyandhiscolleaguescollectedConstrictotermescyphergaster’snestsintheBrazilianCerradoandbroughtthemintothelaboratory.Theythenplacedhostandtenant(房客)termitesineitheropenornarrowareasandusedvideototrackandrecordthewaysinwhichthetwospeciesreactedtoeachother.”（德国康斯坦茨高校的赫尔德·雨果和他的同事们在巴西塞拉多收集了Constrictotermescyphergaster的巢穴，并把它们带进了试验室。然后，他们将主子和房客白蚁放置在开阔或狭窄的区域，并用视频追踪和记录这两种白蚁相互反应的方式。）可知，本段主要介绍的是探讨的过程，首先把收集到的巢穴带进试验室，然后将主子和房客白蚁放置在开阔或狭窄的区域，并用视频追踪和记录这两种白蚁相互反应的方式。由此可知，在第三段中我们了解到了试验探讨的过程。故选D项。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第四段关键句“Despiteattacksfromhosttermites,thetenanttermiteswereobedient.Hostswouldbiteorattacktheinquilineswithstrongchemicals,buttheirtargetsneverrespondedinthesameway,choosingtoflee.Someignoredthehostscompletely.”（尽管受到主子白蚁的攻击，房客白蚁还是听话的。主子会用剧烈的化学物质叮咬或攻击寄生白蚁，但它们的目标从来没有做出同样的反应，而是选择逃跑。有些完全忽视了主子。）可知，面对主子的攻击，寄生白蚁选择逃跑。依据文章最终一段内容““Passivenessdoesnotnecessarilyleadtodefeat,butcanbeaveryusefulstrategy,savingenergyandresources,”sheadds.“Naturemaynotalwaysberedintoothandclaw,andaggressionisnotanymoresuccessfulastrategythan‘cowardice’(儒弱).””（“被动不肯定会导致失败，但可以是一个特别有用的战略，节约能源和资源，”她补充说。“大自然未必总是红的牙齿和爪子，侵略也不是比‘软弱’更胜利的策略。”）可知，在雨果看来，寄生白蚁逃跑的被动反应是一个特别有用的战略。由此可知，雨果认为寄生白蚁的生存策略是有效的。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合其次段关键句“Inquilinetermitesareuniqueamongtermitesinbeingunabletomaketheirownnests.Instead,theyliveinthehallwaysbuiltbyanothertermite,Constrictotermescyphergaster.”（在白蚁中，借居白蚁是独特的，它们不能够自己筑巢。相反，它们生活在另一种白蚁Constrictotermescyphergaster建立的走廊里。）和第四段关键句“Despiteattacksfromhosttermites,thetenanttermiteswereobedient.Hostswouldbiteorattacktheinquilineswithstrongchemicals,buttheirtargetsneverrespondedinthesameway,choosingtoflee.Someignoredthehostscompletely.”（尽管受到主子白蚁的攻击，房客白蚁还是听话的。主子会用剧烈的化学物质叮咬或攻击寄生白蚁，但它们的目标从来没有做出同样的反应，而是选择逃跑。有些完全忽视了主子。）可知，文章主要讲解并描述了借居白蚁独特的生存方式，他们不能够自己筑巢，而是生活在另一种白蚁建立的巢穴中，并且利用自己的“软弱”来避开和巢穴主子发生冲突，以实现居住的目的。“TermitesUseCowardicetoAvoidTheirHosts’Anger”意为“白蚁用怯懦来躲避主子的生气”，为短文最佳标题。故选D项。其次节七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Horsescantalktooneanother.____16____Theycommunicatewithoneanotherandwithusthroughgesturesandexpressions.ExpressiveEarsWhenahorseturnsitsearstothesideorhalfwayback,thehorseislistening.Itcanlistenwithbothears.____17____Ifthesoundisontheleft,thehorsemovesitsleftear.Whenahorsemovesbothearsbackandforth,it’spayingattentiontotheactivityaroundit.MeaningfulLooksAhorsethatisrelaxedandhappywillhave“soft”eyes,whichlookkindandroundinshape.Ahorsethatisunhappywillhave“hard”eyes,whichlookangry.____18____Whenwhiteshowsaroundahorse’seyes,itisfrightenedoranxious.KickingDohorseskickonlywhentheyareangry?Notalways.Ahorsesometimeskickstogetfliesoffhisstomachorlegs.____19____Horsesinafieldmayalsokickwhiletheyareplaying.TailsTellTalesAhorsealsotalkswithitstail.____20____Iftherearefliesaround,itwillswish(刷刷地移动）itstailinarelaxedmannertochase(驱除）thefliesaway.Ahorsethatisplayinginafieldmayholditstailhigh,almostoveritsback.Thisshowsthatthehorseisfeelinggood.Ifahorseswishesitstailwhentherearenoflies,thehorseisboredorimpatient.Ahorsewillswishhistailhardwhiletheyareplaying.A.Thehappyandrelaxedhorseusuallyholdsitstailstill.B.Horsesareoneofthemostexcitingpetstoown,too.C.Ahorsehashardeyeswhensomethingisbotheringit.D.Ifthenoiseisontheright,thehorsemovesitsrightear.E.However,yourhorsemustbecaredforproperlytokeepfit.F.Sometimesitkickstotellsomeonetohurryup.G.Horsescantalktooneanotherwithoutmakingasoundaswell.【答案】16.G17.D18.C19.F20.A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲解并描述了马可以相互交谈，也可以用身体语言与同类和人类进行沟通，它们的耳朵、眼睛、腿和尾巴都会表达不同的含义。【16题详解】本段是概括段。此空前一句“Horsescantalktooneanother.”介绍了马可以彼此交谈。此空后一句“Theycommunicatewithoneanotherandwithusthroughgesturesandexpressions.”说明它们可以用姿态和表情彼此沟通，也可以与我们沟通。G项“cantalktooneanother”与上文“cantalktooneanother”一样，“withoutmakingasound”与下文的“throughgesturesandexpressions”呼应。因此推断G项“马也可以彼此交谈而不发出声音。”符合语境。故选G。【17题详解】依据段落标题ExpressiveEar可知，本段主要讲解并描述“马富有表现力的耳朵”，依据空格前一句“Itcanlistenwithbothears.(它可以用两只耳朵听)”以及空格后一句“Ifthesoundisontheleft,thehorsemovesitsleftear.(假如声音在左边，马就会移动左耳。)”可知，D项“假如噪音在右边，马就会移动它的右耳。”符合语境，与下一句一起来说明上文提到的马用两只耳朵听。故选D。【18题详解】依据上文“Ahorsethatisrelaxedandhappywillhave“soft”eyes,whichlookkindandroundinshape.Ahorsethatisunhappywillhave“hard”eyes,whichlookangry.(一匹放松而欢乐的马会有“松软”的眼睛，看起来和善而圆润。一匹不欢乐的马会有一双“坚硬”的眼睛，看起来很生气)”可知，本段主要讲解并描述了“马的眼睛”，本段的中心词是eyes。C项中的“eyes”相符，因此推断C项“当有什么东西困扰着马时，马会有“坚硬”的眼睛。”与上文的“‘hard’eyes”一样。故选C。【19题详解】依据段落标题Kicking可知，本段主要讲解并描述“踢腿”。前一句“Dohorseskickonlywhentheyareangry?Notalways.Ahorsesometimeskickstogetfliesoffhisstomachorlegs.(马只有在它们生气的时候才会踢腿吗？并非总是如此。马有时踢腿驱除肚子或者腿上的苍蝇。)”说明马踢腿的状况，F项中的“kicks”相符，因此推断F项“有时候它踢腿是为了告知某人快点”，和前一句是并列关系。故选F。【20题详解】依据段落标题TailsTellTales可知，本段主要讲解并描述“马的尾巴也会讲故事”。此空前一句话“Ahorsealsotalkswithitstail.(马也与它的尾巴交谈)”是概括句，此空后“Iftherearefliesaround,itwillswish(刷刷地移动）itstailinarelaxedmannertochase(驱除）thefliesaway.(假如四周有苍蝇，它会以一种放松的方式摇摆尾巴来追逐苍蝇离开。)”以及下文内容可知，讲解并描述在马的各种心情状态下,马尾巴的不同表现。A项中的“tail”一样，因此推断A项“欢乐而放松的马通常尾巴不动。”符合段落大意。故选A。第三部分语言学问运用第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,Isawinanewspaperateachingjob___21___ataschoolabouttenmilesfromwhereIlived.Beingveryshortofmoneyandwantingtodosomething___22___Iapplied(申请).Andthen,Ibegantofearthatwithoutadegreeandwithno___23___ofteachingmychancesofgettingthejobwere___24___.However,threedayslater,aletterarrived,callingmetoCroydonforameetingwiththeheadmaster.Itprovedtobea___25___journey:atraintoCroydonstation,aten-minutebusrideandthenawalkofat___26___aquarterofamile.AsaresultIarrivedthere,feelingtoohottobenervous.Itwasclearlythe___27___himselfthatopenedthedoor.Hewasshortandround."Theschool,"hesaid,"ismadeupofone___28___oftwenty-fourboysbetweensevenandthirteen."Ishouldhavetoteachallthesubjectsexceptart,___29___hetaughthimself.Ishouldhavetodividetheclassintothreegroupsandteachtheminturnatthreedifferentplaces,andIwas___30___atthethoughtofteachingmaths—asubjectatwhichIwasn’tvery___31___atschool.Worseperhapswastheideaof___32___toteachthemonSaturdayafternoonbecausemostofmyfriendswouldbe___33___themselvesatthattime.BeforeIhadtimetoaskaboutmysalary,hegotuptohis___34___."Now"hesaid,you’dbettermeetmywife.Sheistheonewhoreally___35___thisschool.21.A.kept B.lost C.wanted D.found22.A.harmful B.useful C.funny D.secret23.A.material B.experience C.means D.books24.A.nice B.great C.slight D.helpful25.A.difficult B.pleasant C.comfortable D.short26.A.most B.least C.last D.first27.A.teacher B.door-keeper C.student D.headmaster28.A.group B.class C.dozen D.score29.A.which B.that C.what D.this30.A.excited B.angry C.glad D.disappointed31.A.poor B.interested C.weak D.good32.A.forcing B.having C.forgetting D.managing33.A.watching B.studying C.enjoying D.helping34.A.letter B.feet C.hands D.wife35.A.runs B.starts C.observes D.likes【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.C25.A26.B27.D28.B29.A30.D31.D32.B33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了作者在进入高校之前，去应聘老师的工作，发觉那所学校只有一个班级，除了校长没有其他老师，应聘者须要教美术之外的全部科目，周六下午也要上课的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我等待进入高校的时候，我在报纸上看到一所离我住处大约十英里的学校聘请老师。A.kept保持；B.lost丢失；C.wanted想要，须要；D.found找到，发觉。依据后文“Iapplied”（我申请了）可推断，有人在报纸上刊登老师聘请广告；分析句子成分可知，设空处是非谓语动词修饰job，表示聘请用jobwanted来表示。故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为我特别缺钱，又想做一些有用的事情，我申请了（这份工作）。A.harmful有害的；B.useful有用的；C.funny滑稽的；D.secret隐私的。依据上文“WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,Isawinanewspaperateachingjob1ataschoolabouttenmilesfromwhereIlived.”可知，作者申请的是老师工作，老师是一份对社会有贡献的工作，可推断作者想做一些有用的事情。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我起先担忧，没有学位，没有教学阅历，我得到这份工作的机会是微乎其微的。A.material材料；B.experience阅历，经验；C.means方式；D.books书。依据前文“WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,Isawinanewspaperateachingjob1ataschoolabouttenmilesfromwhereIlived.”可知，作者刚刚中学毕业，所以可推断作者没有教学阅历。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，我起先担忧，没有学位，没有教学阅历，我得到这份工作的机会是微乎其微的。A.nice很棒的；B.great宏大的；C.slight微小的；D.helpful有帮助的。依据前文“Ibegantofearthatwithoutadegreeandwithno3ofteaching”可知，作者因为自己没有学位没有教学阅历而担忧，可推断作者觉得自己被录用的机会很小。故选C项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明这是一段艰难的路途。A.difficult艰难的；B.pleasant令人愉悦的；C.comfortable舒适的；D.short短暂的。依据后文“atraintoCroydonstation,aten-minutebusrideandthenawalkofat6aquarterofamile.”可知，作者到达应聘的地方须要乘火车、乘公交还要走路，可推断这是一段艰难的路途。故选A项。【26题详解】考查介词at与选项搭配构成的介词短语辨析。句意：先坐火车到Croydon站，再坐10分钟的公共汽车，然后再步行至少四分之一英里。A.atmost至多；B.atleast至少；C.atlast最终；D.atfirst首先。依据前文“Itprovedtobea5journey”可知，这是一场艰难的路途，可推断作者在乘坐火车和公交之后，至少还要步行四分之一英里。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：开门的明显是校长本人。他又矮又圆。A.teacher老师；B.door-keeper门卫；C.student学生；D.headmaster校长。依据后文“Ishouldhavetoteachallthesubjectsexceptart,9hetaughthimself.Ishouldhavetodividetheclassintothreegroupsandteachtheminturnatthreedifferentplaces”可知，作者要教除美术之外的全部科目，可推断这个学校没有其他老师，那接待作者且教美术的只能是校长了。故选D项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这所学校，”他说，“是由一个班组成的，共有24名7岁至13岁的男生。”A.group组；B.class班级；C.dozen一打；D.score二十，得分。依据后文“Ishouldhavetodividetheclassintothreegroupsandteachtheminturnatthreedifferent