Unit 1　Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures-Predicative clauses 教案 高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures—Predicativeclauses阅读以下短文，感知标注序号并加黑的部分，完成下面的练习Thefactwas①thatWendywasafamouswriter，butnooneknewwhereshecamefromandthequestionremained②whethershewasbornin1961.Whattheydidknowwas③thatshewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelpedwhoeverwasinneedofmoney.Despitethis，somepeoplethoughtshewaschasingfame.Whytheyweresonarrow-mindedwas④whatWendycouldn’tunderstand，butitseemedasifshedidn’tcare.Themostimportantwas⑤thatshejustwantedtodoeverythingthatshethoughtwasright.Shethoughtthatwas⑥wherethemeaningoflifelay.[自我发现]1．以上标注序号并加黑的部分都是表语从句；2．①③⑤中的连接词that在从句中不作成分，本身也没有意义，只起连接作用；3．②中的连接词whether在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”，不能换成if；4．④中的连接代词what在从句中作宾语，意为“……的事情”；5．⑥中的连接副词where在从句中作状语。一、表语从句的概述表语从句概念在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。连接词连接代词what/whatever，which/whichever，who/whoever，whom，whose连接副词when，where，why，how从属连词that，whether，asif/though，because语序陈述语序：连接词＋主语＋谓语二、表语从句的用法1．连接词的用法(1)从属连词引导的表语从句Thetroubleisthatshehasn’tfoundenoughproofs.麻烦是她还没有找到足够的证据。Thequestionremainswhetheryourparentswillsubscribetoyourtravelplan.问题是你父母是否同意你的旅行计划。Itseemsasifhewillshifthisinitialopinion.似乎他要改变他最初的见解。总结：①连词that无意义，不充当成分，且不可省略；②whether可引导表语从句，if则不可，whether在从句中不充当成分。(2)连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句Theretiredmechanicisnolongerwhathewas.这位退休的机械师已经不再是以前的他了。Themostimportantiswhowillbeinchargeoftheeveningparty.最重要的是谁将负责这次晚会。Theproblemishowwecanhandlethedifficultproblem.问题是我们如何才能处理这个难题。That’swherethefamousastronomeriswrong.那就是这位著名的天文学家搞错的地方。总结：连接代词和连接副词引导表语从句时往往带有它们的疑问含义，连接代词在表语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，连接副词在表语从句中充当状语。2．注意事项(1)表语从句采用陈述语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语”(疑问语序)Whocanwegettoreplaceher?我们让谁代替她呢？(表语从句中的陈述语序)Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们让谁代替她。(2)why和because引导的表语从句的区别That’swhy...意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果That’sbecause...意为“那是因为……”，强调原因Thereasonwhy...isthat...意为“……的原因是……”，此处why引导的是定语从句，that引导的是表语从句Healwaysfindsfaultwithmeandthat’swhyIgetangrywithhim.他总是找我的茬。那就是我生他气的原因。Igetangrywithhim，andthat’sbecausehealwaysfindsfaultwithme.我生他的气。那是因为他总找我的茬。ThereasonwhyIgetangrywithhimisthathealwaysfindsfaultwithme.我生他的气的原因是他总找我的茬。(3)表语从句中的虚拟语气如果主语是advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order等时，表语从句谓语动词的形式：(should＋)动词原形。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)takeinfoodshighinprotein.我的建议是你应该摄入富含蛋白质的食物。Ⅰ.完成句子1．事实是他非常有资格担任报纸上刊登的职位。Thefactisthatheisquitequalifiedforthepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.2．似乎世界末日到了。Itseemsasiftheworldwereatanend.3．我非常高兴。这是因为我已在上周日举行的演讲比赛中获得一等奖。Iamwildwithjoy.ThisisbecauseIhavewonfirstprizeinthespeechcompetitionheldlastSunday.4．这就是她毫不费力用英语与外国人交流的原因。Thisiswhyshehasnodifficulty(in)communicatingwithforeignersinEnglish.5．我的建议是我们应该为了保护环境过低碳生活。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)livealow-carbonlifetoprotecttheenvironment.6．这就是我们应该为父母做的事情。Thisiswhatweshoulddoforourparents.7．问题仍然是父母是否能够给他们的孩子树立好的榜样。Thequestionremainswhetherparentscansetagoodexampletotheirchildren.Ⅱ.语段翻译尽可能多地运用表语从句翻译下列语段悲伤的泪水顺着我的脸颊流淌。这是因为我英语没考及格。似乎我陷入绝望的世界。关键问题是我完全失去了信心。幸运的是，我英语老师的建议是我应该多记单词。最重要的是我如何把所学的任何东西应用到实践中。逐渐地，我脸上又露出了笑容。Tearsofsadnesspoureddownmycheeks.Thiswas1.becauseIfailedtheEnglishexam.Itseemed2.asifIwerethrownintotheworldofhopelessness.ThekeyproblemwasthatIcompletelylostconfidence.Luckily，myEnglishteacher’ssuggestionwas3.thatI(should)memorizemorewords.Themostimportantwas4.howIcouldapplywhateverIlearnedtopractice.Gradually，asmileappearedonmyfaceagain.

训练5DiscoveringUsefulStructures(A)(分值：53分)Ⅰ.选用适当的连接词填空(共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分)eq\x(why，that，whether，asif，what，who，because，where)1．Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingwaswhetheritwasworthtrying.2．Allthiswasovertenyearsago，butitisasifitwereonlyyesterday.3．ThetroubleisthatIlostthekeytomyroom.4．I’mabitsleepy，andit’sbecauseIwasupallnight.5．Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleftit.6．TheproblemiswhowecangettotaketheplaceofTed.7．Wemissedtheearlybus.Thatiswhywewerelatelasttime.8．Thevillageisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)1．Thefactisthatwedidn’tblamehimfortheinitialinexactfindingsoftheresearch.事实是我们没有因为最初的不精确的研究结果而指责他。2．Thequestioniswhetherweknowhowtohandletheseveresituation.问题是我们是否知道如何处理这种严重的情况。3．ThatiswhyIsuspectthemechanicofstealingthetools.那是我怀疑机械工偷工具的原因。4．Thisiswhattheoutstandingassistanthasdonefortheastronomer.这就是这位出色的助理为这位天文学家所做的事情。5．Thisishowwecandecreaseenvironmentalpollutioninourdailylife.这就是我们在日常生活中减少环境污染的方式。Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)Contrarytopopularopinion，thescientificpursuitforknowledgeisnotapredictableandwell-definedprocess.Tomakenewdiscoveries，researchersneedthefreedomtobecreative，fail，andlearnbychance.ThereistheromanticideaofthescientistwhohasanEurekamoment(顿悟时刻)andsuddenlyarrivesatnewinsights.Anotherimpressionisthatresearchonlyinvolvesformalsteps.Neitherofthoseideasiscorrect.“Scienceandartaretwodifferentwaystomakesomethingunderstandableorimaginable，”saysBiochemistryProfessorDolfWeijers.“Fromtheoutside，theresearchprocesslooksveryformalandtheartisticprocesslookssomewhatmessy.Butthescientificprocesscanalsounfold(展开)inanunpredictableway.Creativeandassociativethinkingisveryimportantforscientiststogaininsightandmakeconnections.”Thereisanintersection(交叉点)betweenscienceandart.ThisiswhyWageningenscientistslooktoartistsforinspirationandexchangeideasabouthowtoamplifycreativefreedom.WeijersandhiscolleagueJorisSprakel，togetherwithotherscientistsandartists，havedesignedaplantolearnfromeachotherandtoexchangeideas.Oneexampleistherecentandspecialprojectinwhichtheymeasuredtheforcesthatactonplantcells.Amolecular(分子)sensorwasusedtovisualisethedifferentforces.Theyrevealedtheresultsincolourfulimages，eachrepresentingadifferentforce.Whatscienceandartalsohaveincommonisthattheyaretopicsofdiscussioninsociety.Therearepeoplewhosaythattheydonotvalueartandpeoplewhomistrustscience.“Itoftencreatesthewrongimpressionbecauseonlytheresultsofscientificstudiesarepresented，andpeopledonothaveanyinsightintotheartisticprocessleadingtodiscovery.Asascientist，youarecriticisedifyousaythatsomethingisdifferentafewyearslater.Thenyouareviewedasunreliable.Butwhatisoftenpoorlyunderstoodisthattherearenofinalresultsinscience，”saysWeijers.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了艺术在科学研究中的作用，艺术与科学之间是有交叉的。1．Whatistheparagraph1mainlyabout?A．Theviewsonscienceresearch.B．Thepurposeofscienceresearch.C．Thehardshipofscienceresearch.D．Theattitudetoscienceresearch.答案A解析段落大意题。根据第一段内容“Contrarytopopularopinion，thescientificpursuitforknowledgeisnotapredictableandwell-definedprocess...Neitherofthoseideasiscorrect.”可知，第一段主要讨论人们对于科学研究的看法。故选A。2．WhatcanweknowfromWeijers’sview?A．Scientistsshouldhavecreativeandassociativethinking.B．Theartisticprocessistoomessytobeusedinresearch.C．Thescientificprocessalwaysunfoldsinanunpredictableway.D．Theresearchprocessandtheartisticprocessaretotallydifferent.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“Creativeandassociativethinkingisveryimportantforscientiststogaininsightandmakeconnections.”可知，从Weijers的观点中我们可以了解到科学家应该具有创造性和联想性思维。故选A。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“amplify”meaninparagraph3?A．Refuse. B．Detect.C．Increase. D．Imply.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Thereisanintersection(交叉点)betweenscienceandart.”和“looktoartistsforinspirationandexchangeideas”可推知画线词所在句子以及前一句表示“科学和艺术之间有交集。这就是为什么瓦赫宁根的科学家们从艺术家那里寻找灵感，并就如何扩大创作自由交换意见”，画线词amplify的意思是“扩大，增加”，和increase意思相近。故选C。4．WhydoestheauthormentionWeijers’sresearchonplantcells?A．Tostresstheimportanceofthinkingfreely.B．Todisplaythebeautyofcolourfulimages.C．Topresentthefindingsofhisrecentproject.D．Toshowtheconnectionbetweenscienceandart.答案D解析推理判断题。第三段主题句“Thereisanintersection(交叉点)betweenscienceandart.”和“Oneexampleistherecentandspecialprojectinwhichtheymeasuredtheforcesthatactonplantcells.Amolecular(分子)sensorwasusedtovisualisethedifferentforces.Theyrevealedtheresultsincolourfulimages，eachrepresentingadifferentforce.”可推知，通过Weijers的关于植物细胞的研究事例说明艺术与科学之间的交叉融合，表明艺术与科学的联系。故选D。Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)LocatedatthewesternpartofHangzhou，justunder5kmawayfromtheWestLake，XixiNationalWetlandParkdistinguishesitselfas1.exceptionalurbanplace.Thisparkisapioneeringexampleofhowurbanlifecombinesagriculturewithculture，makingita2.(true)uniquedestination.AlongwithXihu(WestLake)andXiling(XilingSealEngravers’Society)，famousrespectively3.theirnaturalsceneryandculturalheritage，XixiNationalWetlandParkisoneofthecelebrated“ThreeXi’sofHangzhou”．4.featurestenfamoussights.Nearly70%ofthepark5.(occupy)byriverports，pondsandsmalllakes，whichexplainsawetlandenvironment.Thesewaterwayscrossthepark,6.(divide)itintodistinctsections：theeast，thewest，andthecentralpart.Recentlythegovernment7.(establish)ecologicalprotectionzonesaswellasansightseeingzone.Additionally，visitorscanexploretheWetlandScienceExhibitionHall，conveniently8.(locate)atthepark’smainentrance.Thereisnorightway9.(see)theXixiwetlands.Itisanareaofunmatchedpeaceandquiet—filledwithhistoryandnaturalbeauty.TheonlytruethingthatcanbesaidoftheXixiwetlandsis10.ifyouhaven’tseenthem，youhaven’treallyseenHangzhou.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西溪国家湿地公园。)1．答案an解析考查冠词。分析可知，此处泛指“一个地方”，空处应是不定冠词作限定词，空后形容词“exceptional”的发音以元音音素开头，用an修饰。故填an。2．答案truly解析考查副词。分析可知，这里为副词作状语，修饰形容词“unique”。故填truly。3．答案for解析考查介词。分析可知，这里为“(be)famousfor”固定短语，意为“因为……而出名”。故填for。4．答案and解析考查连词。分析可知，空后“features”为动词第三人称单数形式，与“consists”并列作谓语，因此，空处应用并列连词and。故填and。5．答案isoccupied解析考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析可知，此处指客观事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语“Nearly70%ofthepark”与动词“occupy”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语由“百分数＋of＋单数可数名词”构成，被视为第三人称单数，因此be动词为is。故填isoccupied。6．答案dividing解析考查非谓语动词。分析可知，“(divide)itintodistinctsections”作伴随状语，动词“divide”与其逻辑主语“Thesewaterways”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填dividing。7．答案hasestablished解析考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词。结合时间状语“Recently”可知，空处用现在完成时，主语“thegovernment”为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填hasestablished。8．答案located解析考查非谓语动词。分析可知，空处作后置定语，修饰“theWetlandScienceExhibitionHall”，动词“locate”与其之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填located。9．答案tosee解析考查非谓语动词。分析可知，这里应是动词不定式作抽象名词“way”的后置定语，“thewaytodo”意为“做某事的方式/方法”。故填tosee。10．答案that解析考查表语从句。分析可知，空处引导表语从句，从句结构和句意完整，应用“that”作连接词。故填that。

训练6DiscoveringUsefulStructures(B)(分值：35分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)AThankstosocialmedia，wearemoreactiveinourvirtualworldthanweareinreallife.Whetherweareoutwithfriendsorsittingathome，wearegluedtoourmobilephones.Wedocumentalmosteverythingwedo，cook，andeat—butnotwithouteditingfirstandaddingsomefilters(滤镜)．Whileyoumightbeengaginginthisbehaviourforfun，researchersfromFloridaStateUniversity，revealedadirectlinkbetweenpostingeditedphotosonInstagramandriskfactorsforeatingdisorders.Specifically，digitallyeditingpicturestoimprovepersonalappearancebeforepostingthemonInstagramincreasedweightandshapeconcernsincollegestudents.Postingphotoscontributedtogreateranxietyandincreasedurgestorestrictfoodintakeandexercisecomparedwithnotpostingphotos.“Asmorepeopleturntosocialmediatostayconnected，it’scriticallyimportanttoletothersseeyouasyouare.Comparedwitheditedphotos，wesawnodecreaseinthenumberoflikesorcommentsforuneditedphotosonInstagram；knowingthiscouldreduceharmfulpressurestochangehowyoulook，”saidco-authorPamelaKKeel.Toomuchsocialmediausehaslongbeenassociatedwithpromotingdisorderedeatingbehavioursaswellasothermentalhealthissues.So，usingatwo-stagedesign，thepresentstudytriedtofigureouthowpostingeditedphotosrelatestoeatingdisorders，aswellasanxietyanddepressivesymptoms(抑郁症状)，incollegestudents.Instageone，theresearchteamexaminedassociationsbetweenpostingeditedphotosandmentalhealthmeasuresin2,485undergraduates.Whileinstagetwo，theyexaminedassociationsbetweenpostingeditedphotosandeatingdisorderriskfactorsin80undergraduateswhosupportedpostingeditedphotosinstageoneandvolunteeredfortheexperimentalportionofthestudy.Thefindingsshowedthatthosewhosupportedpostingeditedphotosreportedgreaterdisorderedeatingbehavioursandanxietythanthosewhodidnot，butnodifferenceswerefoundfordepressivesymptoms.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究结果显示，那些在网上发布经过编辑的照片的人比那些发布没有编辑过的照片的人拥有更严重的饮食紊乱和焦虑问题。1．Whydoestheauthormentionpeople’sobsessionwithphonesinparagraph1?A．Toleaduptotheresearchtopic.B．Todescribevariousleisureactivitiesonline.C．Tointroducehisattitudetowardssocialmedia.D．Toexplainthewaypeopledocumenttheirlives.答案A解析推理判断题。由文章第一段“Thankstosocialmedia...revealedadirectlinkbetweenpostingeditedphotosonInstagramandriskfactorsforeatingdisorders.”以及下文可知，文章在首段提到人们沉迷于手机是为了引出本文话题，即发布编辑过的图片到网上和饮食失调有关系。故选A。2．WhichstatementwillPamelaprobablyagreewith?A．Instagramusersprefereditedphotos.B．Itiscriticallyvitaltobeseenonsocialmedia.C．People’sconnectionsonInstagramarestronger.D．Editingphotoshasnoimpactonpopularitylevels.答案D解析推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“Comparedwitheditedphotos，wesawnodecreaseinthenumberoflikesorcommentsforuneditedphotosonInstagram”可知，Pamela认为与编辑过的照片相比，未经编辑的照片的点赞或评论数量没有减少，所以换句话说，编辑照片对受欢迎程度没有影响。故选D。3．Whatdidthetwo-stagestudyshow?A．Collegestudentsexhibitedplentyofeatingdisorders.B．Alargeportionofundergraduatessupportedpostingeditedphotos.C．Nodepressivesymptomswerefoundinundergraduatesinstagetwo.D．Supportersofpostingeditedphotosdisplayedhigherlevelsofmentalhealthproblems.答案D解析细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Thefindingsshowedthatthosewhosupportedpostingeditedphotosreportedgreaterdisorderedeatingbehavioursandanxietythanthosewhodidnot，butnodifferenceswerefoundfordepressivesymptoms.”可知，发布经过编辑的照片的支持者显示出更高程度的心理健康问题。故选D。4．Wherecanthetextbefound?A．Inabookreview.B．Inahealthmagazine.C．Inacompanybrochure.D．Inaphotographyguide.答案B解析文章出处题。通读全文尤其根据文章最后一段可知，文章主要讲述了研究结果显示，那些发布经过编辑的照片的人比那些发布没有编辑过的照片的人拥有更严重的饮食紊乱和焦虑问题。所以这篇文章应出现在健康杂志上面。故选B。BZhonglinWangstartedplayingtabletennisonlyfouryearsago.Butlastyear，heandotherresearcherscameupwithacleverwaytoimprovetheirgame：Buildasmarttable.Nowthey’vejustintroducedaprototypetothepublic.Itcanmeasurewhereaballlands，howfasttheball’sgoingandwhereit’sheaded.Thetablecandothatbecauseitsinnovativewoodsurfaceformsthetoplayerofanovelself-poweredsensor.Thedataitacquirescouldhelpplayerstoperformbetter，saysWang.WangisamaterialsscientistattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology，inAtlanta.Hedescribestheinventionasamachinethatcanlearntoanalyzehowsomeoneplays.Importantly，thenewsmarttabledoesn’tneedabatterytodetecttheball.Whenaballhitsthewood，itsetsoffachainofeventsthatcanbothgenerateasmallelectriccurrentandrecordtheball’sbehavior.Wangisanexpertatinventingdevicesthatprovidetheirownpower.In2012，heinventedatriboelectric(摩擦生电的)nano-generator.HecallsitTENG，forshort.Evenifyou’veneverheardof“triboelectricity”，youknowthephenomenon.Mostofuscallitstaticelectricity.ThefirstTENGthatWangputtogetherin2012lookedlikeasandwich.Ithadlayersofchargedmaterialsseparatedbyasmallgap.Whenthesandwichbentorchangedshape，itslayeredmaterialsrubbedagainsteachother.Thiscausedelectronstostartbuildingupononeside.WhatmakesthenewgametabletrulyuniqueisitsuseofwoodasoneoftheTENG’slayers.Asitturnsout，Wangexplains，“Woodisanexcellenttriboelectricmaterial.”Buildingafull-sizegametablewouldrequirealargegridofwoodTENGs.Wangsaysthat’sonhisdrawingboardasaprojectforthefuture.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的发明——智能乒乓球桌面。它可以感知乒乓球的速度、方向等，从而帮助人们提高球技。5．Whichofthefollowingcanprobablyreplacetheunderlinedword“detect”inparagraph3?A．Stop. B．Start.C．Observe. D．Release.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据文章画线单词后文“Whenaballhitsthewood，itsetsoffachainofeventsthatcanbothgenerateasmallelectriccurrentandrecordtheball’sbehavior.”可知，当球击中木头时，它会引发一系列事件，能记录下球的行为，这说明新的智能游戏桌不需要电池来观察球。所以画线单词的意思和“观察”有关。故选C。6．WhatcanweknowaboutTENG?A．Itwasinventedlastyear.B．Itfunctionslikeasandwich.C．Itisascientificphenomenon.D．It’sadevicegeneratingpower.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“In2012，heinventedatriboelectric(摩擦生电的)nano-generator.HecallsitTENG，forshort.”可知，TENG是一种发电装置。故选D。7．Whyisthenewtableunusual?A．Itcanmeasurethespeedoftheball.B．ItuseswoodasaTENG’slayer.C．Itcanhelpplayersperformbetter.D．Itusesanewsteeltablesurface.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“WhatmakesthenewgametabletrulyuniqueisitsuseofwoodasoneoftheTENG’slayers.”可知，这个新的游戏桌与众不同的地方在于使用了木头作为TENG的一层。故选B。8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AUniqueSmartGameTableB．ATableTennisLoverC．WaystoWinaTableTennisGameD．NewRulesforTableTennisGames答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文章第一段第二句“Butlastyear，heandotherresearcherscameupwithacleverwaytoimprovetheirgame:Buildasmarttable.”以及全文对这款新型乒乓球桌的介绍可知，文章主要围绕智能乒乓球桌展开的。所以“AUniqueSmartGameTable(一个独特的智能游戏桌)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)IstartedcookingwhenIwasthirteen.Bothofmyparentsworked，soIwasusually1afterschool.Oneday，myparentsforgotto2dinnerbeforetheywenttowork.Aswewereshortofmoney，eatingoutwasbeyond3.SoIdecidedtobethe4oftheday.Afewmomentslater，I5tocookfriedrice，thebestoptionoutof6resources，includingmycookingknowledge.After7apanonthestoveandturningontheheat，itsoonbegantosizzle(咝咝作响)．IwassohungrythatI8andthreweverythingintothepanalltogether.Inwentrice，piecesofmeatandvegetables.LittledidIknowthatthe9ofingredientswascrucialincooking.I10waitedforthemeattobethoroughlycooked，butotheringredientswere11.Atfirst，Imistookitassteamfromcooking，butIsoon12somethingwenthorriblywrongwhensmokecameoutto13thekitchen.Laterthatday，mymothertoldme，“Youcannotrushyourselfwhencooking.”Rather，Ishouldtakesteps，turningtothebas