高考总复习英语（人教版）教师用书必修5Unit2TheUnitedKingdom

Unit2TheUnitedKingdom(对应学生用书P112)[话题单词]1．kingdomn． 王国2．nationn. 民族，国家3．geographyn. 地理4．landmarkn. 地标性建筑5．symboln. 象征6．defendv. 保护，保卫7．gainv. 得到，获得8．ancientadj. 古老的9．traditionaladj. 传统的10．coastaladj. 沿海的11．historicadj. 历史上著名的12．boundaryn. 分界线，边界13．canaln. 运河；管道14．ceremonyn. 典礼，仪式，礼节，礼仪15．coastn. 海岸，海滨[话题短语]1．atonetime一度，曾经2．belocated/situatedin/liein位于……3．besurroundedby被……所环绕4．bemadeupof由……组成5．befamous/wellknownfor以……闻名6．haveapopulationof有……人口7．beseparatedfrom把……分离8．givewayto让位于；给……让路9．gotopieces崩溃，瓦解；身体垮台10．inadvanceof在……的前面；超过11．inthecourseof在……期间，在……过程中12．placesofinterest名胜13．inthelongrun从长远来看，最后14．undertheleadershipof在……领导/关心下15．behindthetimes落在时代后面[话题佳句]1．TheUKliesinthenorthwestofEuropeandisseperatedfromtheEuropeContinentbyEnglishChannel.英国位于欧洲西北部，英吉利海峡把它与欧洲大陆分开。2．TherearealotofattractionsintheUK，whosebeautyisreallybeyonddescription.英国有许多旅游胜地，其美景难以用语言描述。3．ItscapitalcityLondonisthelargestandmostinternationalcityofEurope，anditstransportationisveryconvenient.首都伦敦是欧洲最大和最具国际特色的城市，交通很便利。[佳作背诵]假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。ENJOYARELAXINGSTUDYBREAKINBEAUTIFULLANCASTERLANGUAGECENTREANDCOLLEGEUNIVERSITYlanguages·English·French·SpanishArts·Politics·Sociology·History★★★★★★★★★注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：住宿acmodation[佳作欣赏]DearSirorMadam，I’mLiHua，astudentfromChina.I__expecttogotoBritain__foranEnglishcoursethissummer.Ihavereadyouradandwouldliketoknowmoreaboutthesixweekcourse.__First，pleasetellmewhenthecoursewillstartsothatIcanmakepreparationsinadvance__.Second，howmanystudentsarethereinaclass？Ibelieveclasssizewillmattermost.Third，howmanyclasshoursdowehaveduringaweek？__Ihopewecanhavefreetimetogosightseeingafterclass.Fourth，Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeusforthecourse.Finally，whichtypeofacmodationdoyouoffer，ahostfamilyoraschooldormitory__?__I’dappreciateyourresponseassoonaspossible__.Yours，LiHua(对应学生用书P113)一．高考单词→识记·思考·运用1．核心词汇①__clarify__vt.澄清；阐明②__acplish__vt.完成；达到；实现③__conflict__n．矛盾；冲突④__thrill__vt.使激动；使胆战心惊⑤foldvt.折叠；对折__unfold__vt.打开；拆开⑥consistvi.组成，一致__consistent__adj.一致的⑦unitevi.&vt.联合；团结__united__adj.团结的；联合的__union__n．联合；联盟；结合；协会⑧conveniencen．便利；方便__convenient__adj.方便的⑨roughadj.粗糙的；粗暴的__roughly__adv.粗略地；粗糙地⑩attractvt.吸引；引起注意__attraction__n．吸引；吸引力__attractive__adj.有吸引力的⑪delightn．快乐；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜__delighted__adj.高兴的；快乐的2．常考词汇①descriptionn．__描写；描述__describevt.__描述；形容；描绘__②possibilityn．__可能(性)__possibleadj.__可能的；合理的__③arrangevt.__筹备；安排；整理__arrangementn．__布置；整理__④splendidadj.__壮丽的；辉煌的__用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Tobeginwith,we’llhaveourclassinmyhomenextSundayifitis__convenient__(convenience)toyou.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Thesepiecescan__befolded__(fold)intoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)3．Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmaycause__conflicts__(conflict)amongpeople.(2017·浙江卷)4．The__possibility__(possible)ofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofputerscientists.(2017·北京卷)5．Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassage__toclarify__(clarify)hiswritingpurpose.(2016·浙江卷)6．Mymotherandfather__wereunited__(unite)intheirwayofraisingchildren，butitmostlyfelltomymothertoactuallycarryitout.(2016·浙江卷)7．Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeeling__acplished__(acplish)．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)8．SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfrom__roughly__(rough)551to479B.C.，influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)【联想·积累】❶“高兴”家族速览①delightn．快乐，高兴vt.使高兴，使欣喜；delightedadj.喜欢的，高兴的；delightfuladj.令人高兴的②happyadj.愉快的，高兴的；happinessn．快乐，幸福③joyn．欢乐，高兴；joyfuladj.快乐的，高兴的④gladadj.高兴的，欢喜的⑤pleasev．(使……)高兴；pleasedadj，高兴的，满意的；pleasuren．高兴，满意⑥merryadj.欢乐的，愉快的；merrilyadv.快乐地❷后缀ence必备名词集锦①consequence后果，结果②convenience方便③dependence依靠④difference不同⑤emergence紧急情况⑥existence存在⑦intelligence聪明⑧influence影响❸以“ity”为后缀的名词速记①possibilityn．可能性②abilityn．能力③popularityn．受欢迎；普及；流行④personalityn．性格；个性；人格⑤nationalityn．国籍；民族；族⑥minorityn．少数民族；少数；少数派；少数人❹前缀a高频表语形容词大全①alike 相同的；类似的②asleep 睡着的③alive 活的；有活力的④awake 醒着的⑤afraid 害怕的⑥ashamed 羞愧的二．重点短语→识记·思考·运用1．动词＋介词/副词①divide...__into__把……分成②break__away(from)__挣脱(束缚)；脱离③leave__out__省去；遗漏；不考虑④break__down__(机器)损坏；破坏⑤consist__of__由……组成2．toone’s＋名词①__to__one’scredit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下②__to__one’sdelight/joy使某人高兴的是③__to__one’ssurprise使某人惊奇的是3．in＋名词＋(of)①__in__memoryof为了纪念②infavour__of__支持……③inneed__of__需要……④__in__supportof支持…4．其他形式taketheplace__of__代替用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1．Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thaveto__breakdown__thestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Hannah’sPlace__isdividedinto__severalareas，providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthatsleepingoutdoorscanmeandeath.(2017·北京卷)3．Morerecently,thefoundationbegananothercampaigncalledNationalRedScarfDay－adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarves__insupportof__Canada’shungryandhomeless.(2017·北京卷)4．Listeningisthusanactive，notapassive，behavior__consistingof__hearing，understandingandremembering.(2015·浙江卷)5．Thiswordiswronglyspelt.Youhave__leftout__aletter.6．putershave__takentheplaceof__humanbeingsinmanyfieldssofar.7．TheTV__brokedown__again，whichmademeveryunhappy.8．Taiwanisneverallowedto__breakawayfrom__themainlandanyway.ItisknowntoallthatitbelongstoChina.❶“动词＋away”必备短语一览①blowaway吹走②breakaway摆脱③carryaway拿走，使入迷④dieaway逐渐消失，减弱⑤giveaway背弃，赠送⑥putaway收起来，存起来⑦washaway冲走⑧takeaway拿走⑨throwaway扔掉⑩turnaway把……打发走❷“toone’s＋n”必备短语荟萃①toone’sastonishment/surprise令某人惊奇的是②toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是③toone’sregret使某人感到遗憾的是④toone’sshame使某人惭愧的是❸“v.＋from”短语荟萃①sufferfrom遭受②adaptfrom从……改编⑧benefitfrom从……中获益④datefrom始于……⑤resultfrom因……而起⑥escapefrom从……逃脱⑦diefrom死于⑧hearfrom收到某人的来信❹leave相关短语全接触①leaveout省去；遗漏；不考虑②leave...alone不管；不顾；撇下……一个人③leavebehind留下；遗忘④leavefor动身前往(某处)三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.YoumustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomenjoyableandworthwhile.要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。“keep/make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。为了让鱼儿在河里自由自在快快乐乐地游来游去，我们必须让河水保持干净。Wemust__keeptheriverclean__inorderto__makethefishinitswimfreelyandhappily__.2.Worriedaboutthetimeavailable，ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon.由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了清单。过去分词短语作状语。在森林中迷了路，我们不得不待在原地等待帮助。__Lostintheforest__，wehadtoremainwherewewere，waitingforhelp.3.Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt!刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！状语从句的省略。刚被引入市场时，这些产品就取得了巨大的成功。__Whenfirstintroducedtothemarket__，theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.4.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedmunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。Itseemedstrangethat...“……似乎有点儿奇怪”，shouldhavedone表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。看起来很奇怪，他竟然拒绝了我们提出的行之有效的建议。Itseemedstrangethathe__shouldhaverejected__thepracticalsuggestionputforwardbyus.(对应学生用书P115)conveniencen．便利；方便；便利的人(事物)(1)fortheconvenienceof...为了方便……for(thesakeof)convenience为了方便起见atone’sconvenience在方便时；在适宜的地点(2)convenientadj.方便的；便利的Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.某人方便做某事①(教材原句)Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries，andforconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.英格兰是四个国家中最大的，为方便起见，它大体上分成三个区。②Pleasereply__at__yourearliestconvenience.请在您方便时尽早答复。③It’sagreat__convenience__(convenient)tolivehere.__At__myconvenience，Icanvisitsomeofmyfavoritemuseums.Shoppingisconvenient__to/for__mywife.__It__isconvenientformysontogotoschool，forhisschoolisonlytwoblocksaway.IfSundayis__convenient__(convenience)to/foryou，besuretoetogettogether.住在这里真方便。我可以抽空去参观我所钟爱的几家博物馆。我妻子购物很方便。我儿子上学也很方便，因为距学校只有两个街区的距离。要是你周日有空，一定要来聚一聚。(1)convenience意为“方便；便利”时，为不可数名词；作“便利的事物；便利设施”讲时为可数名词。(2)convenient作表语用时，主语不能是人，常用于Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.句型。attractvt.吸引；引起(1)attractone’sattention/mind吸引某人的注意力beattractedby被……所吸引attractsb.tosth.吸引某人关注某事(2)attractionn．有趣的东西；吸引人之物havean/no/alittle/muchattractionforsb.对某人具有/没有/有一点/很有吸引力(3)attractiveadj.有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的beattractiveto对……有吸引力①(教材原句)Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.可惜的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市不吸引游客。②(2016·四川卷)Eventheyoungestchildrenintheclass__wereattracted__(attract)bythestory.甚至班里最小的孩子也被故事吸引。③Thesceneryisso__attractive__(attract)thatit__attracts__(attract)manytourists’attentioneveryyear，anditwillkeeponholdingmuch__attraction__(attract)formoretravellers.这里的风景如此迷人以至于每年都吸引了很多游客的注意力并且将持续吸引更多的游客。④单句语法填空(2017·北京卷)TOKNOWmakesplexideas__attractive__(attract)andaccessibletochildren,whocanbeeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy(哲学)．arrangev．筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列(1)arrangesth.forsb.为某人安排某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事；约定做某事arrangewithsb.todosth.与某人约定做某事arrangeforsb.todosth.安排某人做某事arrangethat...商定……；安排……(2)arrangementn．安排，筹备makearrangementsfor...安排……①(教材原句)Theyhadnotimetoarrangetheirownwedding，sotheyhaditorganizedbyapany.他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼，因此他们让一家公司代为组织。②It’snotnecessaryforparentstoarrangeeverything__for__theirchildren.父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。③Theymade__arrangements__(arrange)forourjourneytoRome.他们为我们到罗马去的旅行筹备一切。④单句语法填空(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Lastyear,Moranworkedonaprojectthat__arranged__(arrange)FatsWaller’smusicforadanceparty.(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrangeforsb.todosth.而不用arrangesb.todosth.。(2)makearrangements(forsth./forsb.todosth.)中的arrangement常用复数形式。(3)arrange后接that从句时，从句用“should＋动词原形”。delightn．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.&vi.(使)高兴，(使)欣喜(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1((much)toone’sdelight,toone’s(great)delight,＝tothedelightof))使某人(大为)高兴的是take/find/havedelightin(doing)sth.以(做)……为乐with/indelight高兴地Itisadelighttodosth.做某事是一件令人愉快的事(2)delightsb.withsth.用某物取悦某人(3)delightedadj.高兴的，快乐的bedelightedeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth./indoingsth.高兴地做某事,at/with/bysth.对某事感到高兴(满意),that...高兴于……))(4)delightfuladj.令人愉快的，宜人的①(教材原句)HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.她最想先参观的地方是伦敦塔。②Much__to__mydelight，myson__delights__(delight)inlearningEnglish.He__isdelighted__(delight)tolistentoEnglishsongsandsingafterthetapeagainandagain.Yesterdayhecamehome__with__delightand__delighted__(delight)mewiththegoodnewsthathewonthefirstplaceinanEnglishpetition.很让我高兴的是，儿子喜欢学英语了。他喜欢听英语歌曲并且一遍又一遍地跟着唱。昨天他很高兴地回到家并且告诉了我一条让我高兴的消息——他在一场英语竞赛中获得第一名。③(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I__wasdelighted__(delight)atthe__presence__(present)ofsuchastudent.我对这样的学生的到场而高兴。consistof由……组成(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(bemadeupof,beposedof))由……组成(2)consistin＝liein存在于；在于consistwith与……一致/相符(3)consistentadj.相容的；一致的beconsistentwith和……一致/相符①(教材原句)HowmanycountriesdoestheUKconsistof?联合王国由几个国家组成？②(2016·天津卷)Studentsareprovidedwithbreakfast，dinnerandeithera__cooked__(cook)orpackedlunchwhich__consists__(consist)ofasandwich，adrinkandadessert.向学生提供早餐和晚餐，和一份做好的或者包装的午餐——由三明治、饮料和甜食组成。③Lifemainly__consists__(consist)ofhappinessandsorrowwhilehappinessandsorrowconsist__in__struggle.Rememberthatyourideallifedoesnotalwaysconsist__with__thereality.生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想的生活并不总是和现实相一致。o把……分成divide...between/among/with...和……分担/分配/分享divide...by...用……除以……divide...inhalf(two)/intohalves把……分成两部分①(教材原句)Englandcanbedividedintothreemainareas.英国可以划分为三个主要地区。②Theprizemoneywill__bedivided__(divide)amongthewinners.奖金将由获胜者们均分。③30__divided__(divide)by6is5.30除以6等于5。breakdown损坏；破坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解；垮掉breakaway(from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离breakoff中断；折断breakinto闯入breakout爆发；发生breakup驱散；分散；打碎，终止①(教材原句)Onmywaytothestationmycarbrokedown.在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。②Aquarrelbroke__out__，whichmadehimbreakaway__from__hisfamily.他与家人发生争吵，这使得他与家人决裂。③Thepolicecameandbroke__up