高一英语必修三知识点总结

第一单元1.starvevt.&vi.(使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需；饿得要死Shesstarvingherselftryingtoloseweight.她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。常用结构：starvefor渴望得到……starvetodeath饿死bestarvedof极需，缺乏starvesb.intosth./doingsth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事Theplantsarestarvingforwater.这些植物极需要水。Theygotlostinthedesertandstarvedtodeath.Theenginewasstarvedofpetrolandwouldn’tstart.starvationn.挨饿；饿死2.beliefn.\[C/U\]信任；信仰，信心believevi.&vt.相信havebeliefinsth./sb.对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心beyondbelief难以置信inthebeliefthat...相信……Itismybeliefthat...我相信……Hehasgreatbeliefinhisdoctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。ShehaslostherbeliefinGod.她已不相信上帝。3.gainn.获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润vt.得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快Hegainedfullmarksintheexamination.他考试得了满分。Forthefirsttimeinherlifeshegainedaclearideaofhowvasttheworldis.Thecompanyhasmadenotablegainsinproductivity.Mywatchgainsfiveminutesaday.我的表一天快5分钟。易混辨析gain/win/get/earn/acquiregain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。4.awardvt.授予，奖给(后多接双宾语，在多数场合下用被动形式beawarded);判定n.奖，奖品；奖金Medalswereawardedtothebestspeakersonthedebatingteam.Hegotthehighestawardinthecontest.award/prize/rewardaward既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。Hewontheawardforthebeststudentoftheyear.Aprizewasgiventothepersonwhohadthewinningnumber.Hereceivedamedalasarewardforhiscourage.5.admirevt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。admirationn.赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物admirern.钦佩者；羡慕者admiresb.forsth.因某事钦佩或羡慕某人expressadmirationforsb.对某人表示钦佩havegreatadmirationforsb.十分钦佩某人inadmirationof表示钦佩with/inadmiration心怀钦佩地Theyadmiredourgarden.他们羡慕我们的花园。Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness.Aren‘tyougoingtoadmiremynewhouse联想拓展warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物ridsb.ofsth.使某人摆脱/除去某物suspectsb.ofsth.怀疑某人某事accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事demandanswerofsb.要求某人答复askafavourofsb.请某人帮忙6.remindvt.提醒；使想起常用结构:remindsb.of/aboutsth.提醒某人记住/想起某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事remindsb.that...提醒某人/使某人想起……IremindedGeraldofhispromise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。Pleaseremindmetowritetomymothertomorrow.7.permissionn.\[U\]许可，允许permitvt.准许，许可，允许n.许可(证）；执照常用结构：with/without(ones)permission得到允许/未经允许asksb.forpermission征求某人的许可givesb.permissiontodosth.允许某人做某事haveonespermission得到某人的同意8.clothingn.(总称)衣服，服装\[U\]Checkyourbelongingsandmakesureyoudontleaveyourarticlesofclothingbehind.Food,clothingandshelterareeveryone‘spriorities.易错辨析clothing/clothes/clothclothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词；clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/afewclothes;cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。选词填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)①Theindustryinthisareahasbeengoingfromstrengthtostrength.②It’scoldoutside.You’dbetterputonmore.③Howmuchdoesittaketomakeablouseforagirl答案：①clothing②clothes③cloth9.takeplace发生；举行Inthemeantime,aneconomiccrisistookplaceinthatcountry.TheOlympicGamestakeplaceeveryfouryears.联想拓展takeonesplace=taketheplaceof...代替……takethefirstplace获得第一名inplaceof代替takeplace/happen/breakout/occurtakeplace通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。happen指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见的含义；另外，还有“碰巧”之意。breakout指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。occur指按计划发生，常指（某想法、某事）出现在某人的头脑中。常见结构：Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that表示“某人想起某事”。ItoccurredtomethatIhadforgottenmykeys.10.inmemoryof=tothememoryof纪念；追念Manyceremoniesareinmemoryoffamouspeople.Thestatuewasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.联想拓展inhonourof为了纪念……；向……表示敬意inpraiseof歌颂；称赞infavourof赞同,支持 inchargeof负责inneedof需要；缺少insearchof寻找inpossessionof拥有11.dressupdress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as/like连用或用于dressupassb./dressupforsth.结构。Wearesupposedtodressupasmoviecharactersfortheparty,whatanovelidea!Theydressupfortheoccasion.ShedressupinElizabethancostumeforthefancydressball.联想拓展bedressedin穿着……衣服bedressedas打扮成bewelldressed衣着讲究dressoneself穿衣，打扮dresssb.给某人穿衣服高手过招搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑ThechildrenplayedatrickontheirteacheronAprilFool’sDay.孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。Remembernottoplayanytricksonthedisabled.记住不要戏弄残疾人。联想拓展playajokeonsb.开某人的玩笑makefunofsb.取笑某人laughatsb.嘲笑某人smileatsb.向某人微笑makeafoolof愚弄;嘲笑高手过招用适当的介词填空（原创）①Tomlikedmakingfunothersinpublic.②It’sbadmannerstolaughthedisabled.③Theseboyslikeplayingtrickstheirteacher.④Hesmiledmewhenheheardmyfunnyanswer.答案：①of②at③on④at13.lookforwardto期待某事／做某事(to为介词，后接名词或动名词)Weshouldlookforwardtothefuturity.我们应该展望未来。Iamfamiliarwithhisworkandlookforwardtohearinghisviewsonliteraryandartisticcreation.我熟悉他的作品，并期待他能就文艺创作方面发表自己的见解。带有介词“to”的短语可用下面这两句话帮助记忆：习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物，这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道。不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时，总期待着增添自己的努力使它开始改变。习惯于be(get)usedto，坚持stickto，反对objectto，导致leadto，献身于bedevotedto，被宣判为besentencedto，喜欢prefer...to，谈到cometo，期待lookforwardto，增添addto，开始getdownto。高手过招(1)单项填空Shemustbelookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfistoher.(2009·12·浙江杭州检测)A.SeeB.haveseenC.seeingD.beseeing(2)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（原创）①Theboyhurriedforward(see)theworldfamousoilpaintingbecausehehadbeenlookingforwardto(see)itforalongtime.②ThedayIhadbeenlookingforwardto(come).③Iusedto(get)uplate,butnowI’musedto(get)upearly.解析:(1)选C。句意为：她盼望他归来，就如同他想见到她一样。as引导的是省略句，完整的句子是：ashehimselfistolookingforwardtoseeingher。此处分析句子结构，同时熟知lookforwardto的用法即可突破。(2)①tosee;seeing②came③get;getting14.turnup出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把(收音机等的)音量调大一些(其反义短语是turndown)；到场I’msureyourwatchwillturnuponeofthesedays.我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。Weinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidntevenbothertoturnup.我们请她吃饭她都不露面。Icantheartheradioverywell;couldyouturnitupabit我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音调大点行吗turnagainst反对；背叛turndown（音量等）调小；拒绝turnoff关掉turnon打开；发动turnout结果是……；证明是……turntosb.forhelp向某人求助turnaway走开;转过脸去;把……打发走turnin进入；交出；上交turnover打翻；移交；反复考虑turninto把……变成……高手过招(1)单项填空Hepromisedtocomeyesterday，buthehasn’tyet.(2009·12·浙江宁波检测)A.turnedinB.turnedupC.turnedonD.turnedout(2)用适当的介词或副词填空（原创）①It’shalfpastten,buthehasn’tturnedyet.②It’swrongtoturnourmotherland.③Pleaseturntheradioabit;I’mdoingmyhomework.(3)用turn相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）①Don’tworry.Thesureto.②Pleasethetelevisionabit,Ican’thearitclearly.③ItthatitwasTimwhobrokethevase.④Thesadchildhismotherforcomfort.解析:(1)选B。考查短语辨析。turnin进入；交出；上交；turnon打开；turnout结果是……。均不符合句意。turnup出现。(2)①up②against③down(3)①turnup②turn;up③turnedout④turnedto15.keeponesword守信用；履行诺言；word意为“诺言”时，是不可数名词，不可以用复数形式，其前面不可以用冠词修饰。Youshouldkeepyourwordonceyoumakeit.你一旦许诺就要遵守诺言。Youpromisedyouwouldtakethechildrentocampsoyoumustkeepyourword.你答应过要带孩子们去野营，所以你必须信守诺言。联想拓展breakonesword食言getinaword插嘴ina/oneword=inshort总而言之inotherwords换句话说wordforword逐词haveawordwithsb.与某人谈话havewordswithsb.与某人争吵wordcamethat...有消息传来…高手过招单项填空Shesaidshewouldn’tdoit,andshedidkeepher.(2009·12·江西修水检测)A.WordsB.wordC.customsD.apology解析:选B。句意为：她说她不会做那件事的，她确实履行了她的诺言。keeponesword意为“履行诺言”。word意为“诺言”时，为不可数名词。16.setoff出发；动身；使爆炸Whattimeareyouplanningtosetofftomorrow你打算明天几点钟启程Theterroristsetoffabombinthecitycentreandkilledsixpeople.恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了6个人。联想拓展setoffforaplace出发到某地setaboutdoingsth.开始（某工作）；着手做某事setout从某地出发上路setouttodosth.开始做某事setsth.up摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立setsth.aside将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留金钱或时间setdown记下；写下用set相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）①Thenewgovernmentmustfindingsolutionstothecountry’seconomicproblems.②Thechildrenthefireworksintheyard.③Sheabitofmoneyeverymonth.④Theyastatueinhonourofthenationalhero.⑤They’veonajourneyroundtheworld.答案：①setabout②setoff③setsaside④setup⑤setoff/out重点句型17.Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,looksasthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.（节日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花,看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。asthough/asif意为“好像”。联想拓展asthough/asif引导方式从句和表语、状语从句：①引导方式状语从句Sheactedasthoughnothinghadhappened.她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。注意：当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语中含有动词be时,可把主语和be一起省略。Helookedaboutasthough(hewas)insearchofsomething.他四下张望,好像在寻找什么。②引导表语从句Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.看样子要下雨了。③asthough和asif从句是用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气,完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设,通常用虚拟语气。Thechildtalksasifshewereanadult.那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。高手过招用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（原创）①Thepencillooksasifit(break)withhalfofitintheglassofwater.②LiMingspeaksEnglishverywellasthoughhe(be)anEnglishman.③Itseemsasifour