2024北京石景山高三一模英语试题及答案

试题PAGE1试题2024北京石景山高三一模英语第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Myparentsranasmalleatery,andmyfirstrealjobwasshiningdiners'shoes.My1increasedasIgrewolder.AttheageoftwelveIworkedasa2.DadtoldmethatIwasthebest"mop（拖把）guy"he'deverhad.WorkingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpridebecauseIwas3tothewholefamily.ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain4tobepartoftheteam.That'stosay,Ihadtobe5,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.Exceptfortheshoeshinejob,Iwasnever6foranyworkIdid.OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,"Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?"Thistaughtmethatwhenyou7,you'dbetterknowtheotherside'sargumentsaswellasyourown.Afterbeingawayinthearmyforabouttwoyears,Icamebackhome.Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptainandwasfullof8asIwalkedintomyparents'eatery.ThefirstthingDadsaidwas,"Welcome,mymopguy!OK,it'sthecleaner'sdayoff.Buthowaboutyoucleaningup9?""Ican'tbelievethis!"Ithought."I'manofficerinthearmy!"Butitdidn'tmatter.AsfarasDadwasconcerned,Iwasjustanothermemberofthe10involvedinafamilyeatery.Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.1.A.duties B.scores C.wages D.ideas2.A.waiter B.cook C.cleaner D.manager3.A.attending B.applying C.reacting D.contributing4.A.standards B.challengers C.achievements D.customers5.A.insistent B.confident C.courageous D.responsible6.A.arranged B.praised C.paid D.suspected7.A.succeed B.negotiate C.operate D.promise8.A.dignity B.respect C.curiosity D.gratitude9.A.frequently B.later C.instead D.immediately10.A.army B.class C.team D.party第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AInmyoldschooldays,running11(consider)boringandpainfulforme.WhenIstartedtowork,Irealisedexerciseshouldbepartofmylifestyle.Later,runningbecamemycareer.Overtheyears,I12(coach)manyrunningteams.Needlesstosay,runninghasitsbenefits.Itisbelieved13runningcandecreasetheriskofdeath.Soareyoucurrentlynotdoingit?Iencourageyoutostartnow.BAlthoughStartofAutumn,the13thtraditionalChinesesolarterm,oftenindicatesthe14(begin)ofautumn,heatwaveswillnotcometoanend.Theperiodofhightemperatures.15(call)"AutumnTiger",usuallylastsforabout30days.Becauseofdecreasingprecipitation（降水）,itisevenhotterduringthisperiodthanMajorHeat.Asthesayinggoes,"Ifitrains16thedayofStartofAutumn,agoodharvestisexpected."CAreyoustilldiscussingandgettingyourheadroundChatGPT,17potentialwilldisturbeverythingfrommarketingtoeducation?Well,Soraisabout18(blow)thosedebateswideopen.OpenAI'sSora,atext-to-videoAImodelcapableofgenerating19(remarkable)realisticandimaginativescenesfromtextinstructions,justenteredthechatroom.Aworldwhererealitybendstothewillofwordshasarrived,21(shape)aneweranotjustfortechnologybutforhumanityitself.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWeneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearchthatwillchangelivesinthefuture.BydonatingtotheMedicalResearchFoundation(MRF),you'llbefundingtheresearchthatfuturegenerationswilldependon.MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyonfundingqualitymedicalresearch.WithcloselinkstotheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC),we'reabletochoosethemostimpactfulstudiesandadaptquicklytomeetanyemerginghealthcrisis,thankstothesupportofpeoplelikeyou.Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.Manyofthesescientistsareatthebeginningoftheircareers,whenfundingishardesttosecure.Yoursupportatthiscriticaltimecanprovidethespringboardthatascientistneedstodrivetheirresearchandcareerforward,ensuringtheycancontinuetomakelife-changingdiscoveries.MRFhassupportedresearcherstacklingpressingchallengesliketheBirdFlu,aswellasvitalareasofresearchthatareoftenoverlookedbyotherfunders,ensuringwefillthegapsinourmedicalknowledgeandprotectthefutureofhumanhealth.Assomeoneinterestedinscience,youwillunderstandthatwhilenoonecanpredictwhatwewillfacenext,wecanbecertainthatitisonlythroughambitious,high-qualitymedicalresearchthatwewillmeetwhatevernewchallengescomeourway.Byleavingadonation,youcanhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureof21.WhatdoestheMRFmainlydo?A.ProvideservicefortheMRC. B.Predictemerginghealthcrisis.C.Fundqualitymedicalresearch. D.Donatetopeopleinterestedinscience.22.Byleavingadonation,youcan______.A.fillthegapsinmedicalknowledgeB.tacklethefuturepressingchallengesC.choosethemostimpactfulmedicalstudiesD.supportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toraisemedicalresearchfunds.B.Tointroducetheimpactbydonation.C.Toanalysethehealthcrisisinthefuture.D.Toemploypeopledevotedtomedicalresearch.BEleveno'clockatnightsawalargewomanwithalargepursewalkingalone,whenaboyranupbehindandtriedtosnatch（抢夺）herpurse.Buttheboylosthisbalanceandfellonhisback.Thewomanpickedhimupfirmlybyhisshirtfront."Aren'tyouashamedofyourself?"shoutedthewoman.Twoorthreepeoplepassed,stopped,andstoodwatching."I'mverysorry,lady.I'msorry,"whisperedtheskinnylittleboy,inbrokentennisshoes."Um-hum!Andyourfaceisdirty,"saidthelargewomandraggingthefrightenedboy."Sinceyouputyourselfincontactwithme,youaregoingtorememberMrs.LuellaJones."Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegottoherdoor,shedraggedtheboyinside."What'syourname?"thewomanasked."Roger,"answeredtheboyinalowvoice."Then,Roger,yougotothatsinkandwashyourface,"orderedthewomanandfinallyletgoofhim."Yougonnatakemetojail（监狱）?"askedRoger,bendingoverthesink."Notwiththatface,"saidMrs.Jones."Ibelieveyouwerehungrytosnatchmypurse.""Iwantedapairofblueshoes,"repliedtheboy.Therewasalongpause.Afterhehaddriedhisface,theboyturnedaround.Thedoorwasopen.Hecouldrun!Afterawhilethewomansaid,"IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son."Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy'smouthopened.ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnotwatchtheboytoseeifhewasgoingtorun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.Shedidnotaskhimanythingaboutwherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhimalotaboutherjobinahotelshopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthimanotherpieceofhercake.Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid,"Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyourfeet."Sheledhimtothefrontdoor."Goodnight!Behaveyourself,son!"shesaid,lookingoutintothestreet.24.HowdidRogerfeelwhenMrs.Jonesmentionedherpast?·A.Frightened. B.Surprised. C.Settled. D.Ashamed.25.WhydidMrs.JonescallRogerson?A.Sheintendedtogoeasyonhim.B.Heremindedherofherownson.C.Heputhimselftobeincontactwithher.D.Shelackedanexcusetoteachhimalesson.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMrs.Jones?A.Kindandgenerous. B.Ableandambitious.C.Frankandcooperative. D.Calmandcourageous.27.Whatcanbemainlyconcludedfromthispassage?A.Homeiswheretheheartis.B.Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.C.Abestparentistoleadbyexample.D.Agooddeedshinesthelightintothedark.CIt'saknownfactthatemissions（排放物）fromgas-poweredvehiclesareharmingtheatmosphere.Inresponsetothis,Porsche,theGermansportscarcompany,beganproducinge-fuelsatapilotplantinChilelastyear.Currently,thefuelwillbeusedonlyinsportscarsatPorsche'sperformanceandexperiencecenters.E-fuelsaremadebypassingelectricitythroughwater.Theelectricityseparatesthehydrogenandoxygenfromwater.ThehydrogenisthenmixedwithCO₂toproducealiquide-fuel,whichcanbeproducedusingmanyrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower.E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,makingitpossibleforgas-poweredcarstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.E-fuelscanhelpeasethetransformawayfromgas-poweredcars,forthosewhomaynotbeabletoaffordelectricvehicles(EV).Itwillalsohelptoreducewastebykeepinggas-poweredcarsinservice,insteadofthrowingthemawayprematurely.Additionally,theuseofe-fuelswillnotrequirenewfacilitytobebuiltunlikeEVs.Existinggasstationsandcarswillbeabletostayinuse,whichisalreadyabigsaving.Despitethemanybenefits,opinionsdifferonwhethere-fuelsaretrulyeco-friendly.E-fuelsarewidelysaidtobenearlycarbonneutral（碳中和）,althoughanindependentstudyindicatesthate-fuelsreleasethesameamountofCO₂asgasoline.Sincee-fuelsarestillbeingdevelopedandtested,theirtrueimpactsarestillunknown.Meanwhile,e-fuelsareveryexpensivetoproduce,partlyduetoenergylossduringproduction.Unfortunately,onlyabouthalfoftheenergyusedinproducinge-fuelsisactuallytransformedintofuel.Additionally,onlyabout16%oftheenergyusedine-fuelproductionisactuallyusedtopowerthecar.Whereas,about70%ofenergyispreservedwhenpoweringanEV.Eventhoughtheuseofe-fuelswillpreserveexistingfacility,itwillstilltaketimeandmoneytointegrateitintoeverydaylife.Currently,thepriceofe-fuelsisnearlydoublethecostofregularfuel.E-fuelsarestillaworkinprogress.Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmoretestinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainsttheclimatecrisis."Therearecurrentlymorethan1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion（内燃）enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeontheroadsfordecadestocome,ande-fuelsoffertheownersofexistingcarsanearlycarbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuelspilotplant,Porscheisplayingaleadingroleinthisdevelopment,"saidMichaelSteiner,memberoftheExecutiveBoardforDevelopmentandResearchatPorscheAG.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.E-fuelsreleasenoCO₂.B.E-fuelsweretestedinGermanyatfirst.C.E-fuelsareapplicabletogas-poweredcars.D.E-fuelsneedtobemixedwithCO₂inactualuse.29.TheauthorquotesMichaelSteinermainlyto______.A.drawaconclusion'. B.presentanopinionC.furtheradiscussion D.provideasolution30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardse-fuels?A.Positive. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.DOnFeb.21,fourstudentswerestandingonthesideofPacificCoastHighwayinMalibuwhenadrivergoing110milesperhourlostcontrolofhiscaranditcrashedintotheparkedvehicles.12peoplewerekilledatthescene,including2drivers.Thiskindoftrafficdeathshouldn'tbecalledanaccident.InLosAngeles,weseemtohaveacceptedconstantcarnage（屠杀）inourstreetsinexchangeformaximizingdriverspeedandconvenience.Theofficialresponsestoproventrafficdangersaremeregestures,ifeventhat.LosAngelesisauniquelydeadlycitywithadeathratethatisfourtimesthenationalaverage.Unsurprisingly,it'salsoacitythathasbeendesignedwithonethinginmind:aconceptcalledlevelofservice,whichgradesstreetsonhowwelltheyservethoseinautomobiles.TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense—todesignourstreetsforcartraffic,whichisthewaymanygetaroundthecity.Unfortunately,wedon'trecognizethatthere'satrade-off.Wecaneitherhavestreetsbetteredforfree-flowingtraffic,orwecandesignstreetsforpeopletomovearoundsafelyoutsideofcars.Cityleadersconsistentlychoosefortheeasybutdeadlyoption.Inonerecentexample,aresidentaskedthecity'sDepartmentofTransportationtoblockdriversfromusingCochranAvenueatVeniceBoulevardasacut-throughstreet,astheywerespeedingthroughaquietresidentialneighbourhood.Thedepartmentrespondedbysuggestinga"speedawarenesscampaign"inwhichneighboursputupyardsignsurgingdriverstoslowdown.Peopledon'tdrivebasedonsignage,buttheydriveonthedesignofthestreet.ThetrunkroadsofLosAngelessuchasVeniceBoulevardallneedtoberevisedsothatpeopleareprioritizedovercars.Thiswouldincludenarrowingtravellanes（道）,buildingbikelanes,andbanningrightturnsatredlights.Thesemeasureswouldmakedriversfeellikethey'reinacityandnotonahighway.ArecentJohnHopkinsstudysaysthiswouldhavesubstantialsafetybenefits.Withmorethan7,500milesofstreetsinthecityofLosAngeles,theywon'tallberebuiltanytimesoon.Butwitheachroadconstructionproject,oreachcrash,weshouldberevisingstreetstomakethemsaferforallroadusers.Thesolutiontotrafficjamisn'ttomakemorespaceforcars.It'stodesignthestreetstobesafeenoughforalternativessuchasbiking,walkingandmasstransit,especiallyforthe50%oftripsdailyinLosAngelesthatarelessthanthreemiles.Thesolutiontoprotectingpeoplediningoutdoorsisn'tcrashbarriers.It'sastreetdesignthatforcesdriverstogoslowly.Theproblemiscarnageinthestreets,andweknowthesolutions.31.WhyshouldthetrafficdeathinLosAngelesbecalled“constantcarnage”？A.Thetrafficaccidentshappenquiteoften.B.Toomanypeoplearekilledinthetrafficaccidents.C.Thedrivers'speedingistoblameforthetrafficdeath.D.Cityleaders'consistentchoicecontributestothetrafficdeath.32.Whatdoestheword"trade-off"underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Balance. B.Guideline. C.Conflict. D.Resolution.33.Accordingtothepassage,whichisalikelysolutiontothetrafficproblem?A.Towidentravellanes. B.Toaddmorecrosswalks.C.Toarrangemoretrafficpolice. D.Topunishspeedingdrivers.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Driversfirstorwalkersfirst? B.Trafficdeathorconstantcarnage?C.Morewarningsignsorsaferdesigns? D.Morenarrowlanesorspeedyhighways?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese（肥胖的）.Obesepeopleareatincreasedriskofmanyseriousdiseases,includinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.35Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,here'sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.Dietary"self-monitoring"isacommonstrategy.Itinvolvesrecordingwhattheyconsume,andhowmuch.Thetheoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,you'llmakehealthierdecisions.36There'snodoubtthatdietaryself-monitoringhasbeenshowntohelploseweight.However,notmuchisknownabouthowlongthistakesorhowoftenitshouldbedone.37Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwhoparticipatedina24-weekweightcontrolprogram...Theyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintakeusinganonlineprogram.Thefindingsdemonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecordtheirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcomparedtothosewhoquitnotingtheirintake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout3timesaday.38Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossiftheyrecordedtheirdietaryintakeaboutthreetimesaday,ratherthanrecordingalloftheirmealsinonesitting.Agoodprincipletofollowmaybe"writewhenyoubite".Dietaryself-monitoringcanbeperformedindifferentways—usinganonlineprogram,usingapencilorusingsmart-phoneapplications.39A.Canitreallybethateasy?B.Itisimportanttofindwhatworksforyou.C.Thus,long-termweightlosstakestimeandeffort.D.Theriskfactorsthatdetermineobesitycanbecomplex.E.Incomparison,thosewhorecordedlessdailylostlessweight.F.Obesityisalsoassociatedwithalowerlifequalityandpoormentalhealth.G.Studyshowsthemoreoftenyoulogyoureating,themoreweightyoumightlose.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）.第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Winningasignificantscienceawardisabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButMarineGill,agirlfromFresno,California,wonthetopawardintheScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallenge(SIIC)fordesigningafiredetectionsystemsuperiortoexistingones.Marine'sinspirationcamefromafirethatdestroyedarestaurantinherneighbourhoodduringthespringof2023."Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,"shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfire,whichstartedinthekitchen."Theyhadsmokedetectingdevice（设备）,andyetitstillburneddown."Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Marinespentoverhalfayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatcouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair,Marine'sthermal（热的）imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Thehardestpartwastheprogramming."Ihadtwodesigns,andmyfirstdesigncompletelyfailed.ItwasareallybigchallengeIhadtogothrough,"shesaid.Thefinaldeviceoutperformstraditionalsmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Marinewantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors."Thetopwinnershave,exhibitedboundlesspossibility,"MayaFranklin,presidentofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease."Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsoputsasteppingstonetoanexcitingnewfuture."40.WhatdesignwonMarineGillthetopawardintheSJIC?41.FromwheredidMarinedrawinspirationforthedesign?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexpla