山西省大同市2024年中考英语模拟试卷（含答案）

山西省大同市2024年中考英语模拟试卷阅卷人一、补全对话（每小题1分，共5分)得分下面是手机群聊的界面，请根据聊天内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。(ThreefriendsaretalkingaboutthewaysoflearningEnglish.)Alan@JeffHey,guys.1foundsomethingusefulonTV.1．TherearesomeclassestaughtbygreatteachersonTaiyuanTV.2．lwanttohavealook.Ofcourse.3．MyEnglishgrammarisnotverygood.Itcanreallyhelpusalot.IwillsharethetimetablewithyouonWeChat.Thanks.AndthesedaysIkeeplisteningtoEnglishnewseveryday.4．Yes.Ialwaysimprovemylisteningskillsinthisway,too.IwatchsomewonderfulEnglishmoviesinmyfreetime.Ithelpsmewithmypronunciation.WehavesomanywaystolearnEnglish.Let'ssharethemwithourclassmates.5．Hopethesewayscanhelpthem.A.Me,too.B.Whatisit?C.Goodidea!D.Longtimenosee!E.Ithinkit'shelpful.F.Youcanasktheteacher.G.Canyousharethemwithus?阅卷人二、完形填空（每小题1分，共8分)得分请阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从每小题所给的A,B、C三个选项中，选出一个能填入空白处的佳选项。"Don'tforgettostudyfortheChinesehistorytestonFriday,"Mrs.Greensaidtotheclass.Julieclosedherlookandsighed(叹.息).Julieisaperfectmonitor(班长)andcanorganizeallkindsofactivities.Buthistorywassomethingthatshecouldn't6．.Thefollowingday,shewenttothelibraryandtriedtomakesenseofallthefactsanddates.Butitwasuseless.JustthenJulie7．andfoundMariafromherclasswasseatedatanearbytable.Julie8．Mariawhowassittingtherewithsomecardsandcoloredpencilsonthetable.Eachcardshowedacolorfulpicture.Juliawascurious,"Ithinkyouarestudyinghistory.""ThisisthewayIstudy,"Mariasaid."Sometimesmemorizingthingsisn't9．andIhavetobecreative.Ilikeartandtheimageshelpmerecallfacts.""Isee,"saidJulie,with10．.Afterthinkingforawhile,anideacametohermind.Shehadrich11．inorganizingbigevents,startingfrommakingsmallplansstepbystep.Howcouldsheconnectallofthemintheend?Mindmaps!"Hey,Maria,"saidJulie."Howaboutthis:Iclassify(分类)thesehistoricaleventsinto12．typesuseamindmaptoconnecteachtypetogether.Andyoudrawtheimagesthatcanmakegreatexplanationsthesetypestohelpusremember.""Thatwillbeprettycool,"Mariashouted13．,"Let'sstartrighnow!""Sure,"saidJulie.Atthattime,studyinghistorydidn'tseemsodifficult.Allinall,whatyouneedtodoistofindwhatyouaregoodatandmakefulluseofit.6．A．understand B．practice C．imagine7．A．cameout B．lookedup C．satdown8．A．visited B．joined C．stopped9．A．enough B．helpful C．difficult10．A．interest B．surprise C．courage11．A．information B．knowledge C．experience12．A．common B．different C．useful13．A．worriedly B．proudly C．excitedly阅卷人三、阅读理解(每小题2分，共52分)得分请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B,C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。FromTiangong-1totheChinaSpaceStation,thedevelopmentofChina'smannedspaceprojecthasalwaysbeencloselyconnectedwithscienceeducation."TiangongClass"hasbecomeanimportantwaytospreadspaceknowledgetostudentsinChina.OnDecember9,2021,thefirstlessonof"TiangongClass"began.AstronautsZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfuoftheShenzhouⅧflightcrewshowedhowtheylivedandworkedinsidethespacestation.Inabuoyancy(浮力)experiment,Wangputatabletennisballintoaglassofwater.Insteadoffloating(漂浮)tothesurfacelikeonEarth,theballremainedinthemiddleofthewater.Buoyancyalmostdisappearedinthemicrogravity(微重力)environment.OnMarch23,2022,theastronautsoftheShenzhouⅧbroughtusthesecondlessonof"TiangongClass".Inanexperiment,WangYapingandYeGuangluthrewBingDwenDwentoeachother.BingDwenDwendidnotlandasquicklyasonEarth,butmovedalongthesamedirectioninanearlystraightline.Inthemicrogravityenvironmentofthespacestation,theactionofobjectsishardlyinfluencedbygravity.OnOctober12,2022,thethirdlessonof"TiangongClass"wasgivenintheChinaSpaceStation.AstronautsChenDong,LiuYangandCaiXuzhefromtheShenzhouXVflightcrewbroughtawonderfulspacesciencelessontotheyoungpeople..Thistime,anewspaceclassroomwas"unlocked"—WentianLabModule.Ontheground,wealluseashortstraw(吸管)todrink.Ifthestrawistoolong,itwillbeverydifficulttouse.Butin"TiangongClass",LiuYangsuccessfullydrankjuicewitha2-meterlongstraw.14．Theastronautsgavelessonsfromspaceto_______.A．spreadspaceknowledgeB．introducetheirspacelifeC．showachievementsinspace:industry15．Whenputtingatabletennisballintowaterinspace,itwill_______.A．stayatthebottomB．floattothesurfaceremaininthemiddleC．remaininthemiddle16．The_______lessonof""TiangongClass"wastaughtinWentianLabModule.A．first B．second C．third17．Ifthereisn'tgravityonEarth,_______.A．waterwillnotflowtolowerplacesB．youwillnotbeabletowalkinanycaseC．passengerswillstaystillwhenthebussuddenlystops18．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat_______.A．studentscandothesameexperimentsasastronautsB．differenttechnologiesaredevelopingrapidlyinChinaC．"Tiangongclass"istheonlywaytospreadspaceknowledge请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A,B,C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。DidyouwatchthepopularTVseriesMeetYourself(《去有风的地方》)?IntheTVseries,XuHongdoutravelstoavillageinYunnanandvolunteersatalocalcafe.Shegetsfreemealsinreturn.Astheshowgetspopular,volunteertravel—anold-yet-modernformoftravelsimilartoXu'swork-hascaughtmorepeople'seye."Volunteertravelreferstotakingatripandallorpartofthepurposeofthetripistohelpothers.Itcandatebacktothe1960s.Thesevolunteertripsareusuallyorganizedbynonprofit(非盈利的)organizations.Duringthetrip,volunteertravelersoftenprovideserviceliketeaching,cooking,animalcaringandculturalactivities.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thevolunteersmaygetfreeorcheaplivingplaces,meals,activitiesandclasses.Traditionally,thevolunteeractivitiestakeplaceinaforeigncountry.However,morevolunteertripshavetakenplacewithinthesamecountriesorplaceswherethevolunteerswereborninrecentyears.I'sreportedthatvolunteerprojectsinthecountrysidearenowattractingmorevisitorsfromcities.Theyseeitasabreakfromthefastandstressfulcitylife.Peopletryvolunteertravelforseveralreasons.Byworkingvoluntarilywhiletraveling,travelersmayhavearealandpositiveinfluenceontheworld.Theservicevolunteerprovidecanbecheapforthecommunitiestheyserve.Anotherbenefitofvolunteertravelisthatithelpspeoplelivingincitiestogetatasteofcountryside.Forthosewhoaresickofthepressurelivingincitiesbutcan'tdecidewhethertomovetothecountryside,volunteertravelcanbeasolution.Andcommunitiesinthecountrysidealsobenefitbyreceivingmoretravelersforthelocaltourismandhigh-qualityservice.19．WhydoesthewritertellushuttheTVseriesinthebeginning?A．Toencouragepeopletotravel.B．Toleadtothetopicofvolunteertravel.C．TomakereadersinterestedintheTVseries.20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"exchange"meaninEnglish?A．Havingashortconversationwithothers.B．stavinginanothercountryforsometime.C．Doingsomethingandreceivingsomethinginreturn.21．Whatcanweknowaboutvolunteertravel?A．Itrequirespeopletothebehighlyeducated.B．Volunteershavetogotoaforeigncountry.C．Therehasbeenvolunteertravelinoldtimes.22．Matchtheinformationwiththecorrectparagraph.a.Wheredothevolunteeractivitiestakeplace?b.Whatdoesvolunteertravelmean?c.Whydopeoplechosevolunteertravel?d.WhatdoestheTVseriesMeetYourselftellus?A．①-a,②-c,③-d,④-bB．①-d.②-b.③-a.④-cC．①-c,②-d.3-a,④-b23．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TravelingforBetterServiceB．TravelingtoSpreadLove.C．TravelingwithaPurpose请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容,从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,使短文意思通顺，选项中有一项为多余项。Throughoutthehistoryofhumanbeings,hedialoguebetweencivilizations(文明)hasservedasaspiritualconnectionforpeopleofdifferentnations..24．Let'stravelbacktotwothousandyearsago—theWesternhanDynasty.Amanreturningfromthewesternareaswasreportinghisjourneytotheemperor,hismanwas"ZhangQian.Histaskwasactuallynotforculturalpurposes.25．Also,hebroughthomemanykindsofplansandmusicalinstruments.26．InahotelinDongjiaominxiangAlleyinBeijing,anelderwasgivingaspeechinEnglish.ThespeechwasaboutthespiritofChinesepeople.ThemanwasCuHongming,ahighlyrespectedscholarwhocouldspeakninelanguages.CuspenthislifetranslatingtheConfucian(儒家的)classicsintoEnglishandwesternpoetryintoChinese.Timetolookatthemodernage.InahitvideoontheInternet,agirlwearingcommonclothesisputtingbeefandsoybeansintoaboiler.27．Hervideoshavegotpopularathomeandabroad,spreadingChineseculturethroughrecordingsoflifeinthecountryside.Peopleofdifferentdynasties,differentfieldsandsocialbackgroundshaveusedtheirvoicesasmediaforculturaldialogue.Nomatterhowcommontheirexperiencesmightseem,theyareundoubtedlyexcellentbecausetheyarethebuildingblocksofcommunicationbetweencivilizations.28．ltisourdutytouseourvoicestospreadtheextraordinary(非凡的)powerofculturaldialogue.A.Nowlet'sfast-forwardtothe20thcentury.B.Sheisactuallyashort-videocreatorcalledLiZiqi.C.still,morestoriesofthefutureremaintobewrittenbyus.D.However,histeamtaughtwesternpeopleChinesetechnologies.E.Whenwehaveculturalcommunication,weneedtoknowculturaldifferences.F.Whetherit'sleavingaconversationormakingusimpletrundle,culturaldialogue:lutesplace.请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在方框内的缩写文章中，填入与短文意思最符合的单词，每空一词。Doyouliveagreenlifenow?Overthepast10years,China'secological(生态的)projectionsystemshavebeenimproved,thefightagainstpollutionhasbeensuccessfulandtheprogresshasbeenmadeinimprovinggreenandscientificdevelopment.OneexampleisthatChinahasgotgreatachievementsinwetlandprotection.Lastyear,amongthe43intermationalwetlandcitiesintheword,therewere13Chinesecities,includingYinchuan.TheareaoftheYellowRiverWetlandParkinYinchuanwasonceaplacelocalpeopleavoided.'Thepollutedwatercausedanawfulsmellandalmostnograsscouldgrowontheland.Butwiththegovernment'sefforts,theparkhasbecomenotonlyapopularplaceforpeopletotakeawalk,butalsoaplaceformanybirdstorestinautumn.Andanewplanhasbeenmadebythecountryandthewetlandprotectionrate(率)willreach55percentby2025.Manycommonpeoplealsoplaytheirpartinecologicalprotection.LiSonghai,aresearcher,worksonstudyingandprotectingtheendangeredspermwhale(抹香鲸)intheSouthChinaSea.Talkingabouthisexperience,Lisaid,"Theweatherchangesquickly.Theoceanisscary.Wecan'teatorsleepwellinoursmallboatbecauseofseasickness(晕船)."Hewentonsaying,"Ifwegiveupeasily,ourcountrywon'tknowwhatamazingcreaturesareinthedepthsoftheSouthChinaSea.AsaChinesescientist,Icannotacceptthis."Webelievethatwithgreatefforts,therewillbeagreatimprovementintheenvironmentandthegoalofbuildingabeautifulChinawillbereachedby2035.Everyonewillenjoyenvironment-friendlywaysofworkandlife.Inthepast10years,Chinahasmadegreatprogressinecologicalprotection.Wecanseethatthereisless29．andmorepeoplearelivingagreenlife.Wetlandprotectionhasgotgreatachievements.In2022,13Chinesecitieswerechosenasinternationalwetlandcities.ThewetlandparkinYinchuanhaschangedalottheseyears,fromapollutedplacetoa30．placeforpeopleandbirds.Commonpeoplearealsoworkingonecologicalprotection.LiSonghaiisdoinghispartin31．spermwhales.Theweatherontheoceanchangesquicklyandseasicknessmakesresearchersunabletoeatorsleepwell.Although,theworkisdangerous,theydon'tgiveup32．.Ifeveryonemakesefforts,wewillreachthe33．ofbuildingubeautifulChinaby2035.Thenwithugoodenvironment,wewillbehappywithourworkandlifestyle.请阅读下面的非连续性文本，根据语篇内容，回答问题。lnChina,56ethnicgroups(民族)livetogetherlikebrothersandsisters.TheyareallpartofthebigfamilyoftheChinesenation.BesidestheHamethnicgroup,doyouknowabouttheother55groups?Eachofthemhasuspecialcultureandkeepspassingiton.Herearethreeofthem.Zhuangethnicgroup●Population:19,568,546●Language:Zhuanglanguage●Livingplaces:MostZhuangpeopleliveinsouthernChina,especiallyin①_______andYunnan.ManyZhuangpeoplelikesingingevenmorethantalking.Theysingsongswhilewalking,faminganddoinghousework.Onthethirddayofthethirdlumbarmonth,theZhuangpeopleholdabigsingingfestival.Thousandsofsingersgettogether,competingtobethe"king"andqueen"ofsinging.Manysingersareyoungmenandwomen.TheyoftensingLiuSanjie'slovesongsinpairs.Tibetanethnicgroup●Population:7,060,731●Language:Tibetanlanguage●Livingplaces;MostofthemliveinTibet,②_______Sichuan,YunnanandGansu.KiteflyingcompetitioninLhasaisnotaboutheightorbeauty,butaboutfighting!Whenautumncomes,peopleinLhasacometotheriversidetoholdanexcitingkitefightinggame.Ifone'skiteiscutoff,heorshewilllosethecompetition!Peoplebelievethatiftheyflykitesearlier,autumnwillendearlier,too.MostkitesinTibetarediamond-shaped.Therearecolorfulpicturesonthem,suchasfunnyfaces,animalsandflowers.TujiaethnicgroupPopulation:9,587,732Language:TujialanguageLivingplaces:TheTujiapeoplelivein③_______,④_______ChongqingandGuizhou.Tujiapeopleliveinthespecialstiltedhouses(吊脚楼).WhydoTujiapeoplebuildhousesintheair?Ithassomethingtodowithwheretheylive.MostTujiapeopleliveinsouthernChina'sHunanandHubei.Theweatherthereiswetandoftenhotinsummer.Peoplecanfeelcoolerandmorecomfortablelivinginahigherhouse.Also,higherhousescanprotectpeoplefromfloodsanddangerousanimalssuchassnakesandspiders.Whatacleverideatobuildsuchhouses!34．Amongthethreeethnicgroups,whichonehasthelargestpopulation?35．WhocanbethewinnerofthekiteflyingcompetitioninLhasa?36．Pleasefillintheblanks.①②③④37．WhydoTujiapeopleliveinthestiltedhouses?38．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Whatdoesthewriterintroduceaboutthem?39．Besidesthethreeethnicgroups,whichethnicgroupdoyouknow?Whatdoyouknowaboutit?阅卷人四、词语运用(每小题1分，共20分)得分请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯，每空一词。lastmonth,twostudentscontacted(联系)us.Theywantedtoaskussomequestions40．theirdreamjobs.WangLei,13,astudent41．wantstobeadoctorLiYi、32,adoctorwithadoctoral(博士的)degreeWang:Dodoctorsallhavedoctoraldegrees?Li:Notnecessarily.But42．youwanttogetintoatophospital,youneedtogetyourdoctoradegreefromourcountry'stopuniversities.Itusuallytakesyou843．11yearstostudyinmedicalschools.Wang:Canyoutellme44．adayofadoctorislike?Li:Weneedtocheckourpatients,communicatewiththemand45．familieshavemeetingswithotherdoctors,plantreatmentsandwritemedicalrecords.ZhaoJun,14,astudentwhosedreamistobeacomputerprogrammerChenXiao,28,aMicrosoftengineerZhao:Doallprogrammersstudycomputerscienceintheuniversity?Chen:Notnecessarily.46．thecompetitionkeepsgrowing.Ihighlyadviseyoutogetacomputersciencerelateddegree,such47．insoftwareengineeringandAI.Zhao:It'ssaidthatprogrammerslosehairbecause48．stress.Isittrue?Chen:Luckily,myhair49．fine,fornow.InmostChineseInternetcompanies,workinghoursislong!Butwedogetagoodsalary(工资).请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。theylearngreatpraisebeautifulunderstandhedreamsmilethankdifferentinstrumentWhenIwasachill,Ioncesawa'TVprogramaboutancientChina.Awordintheprogramcaughtmyattention—inheritance(传承)."Doyouknowwhatinheritanceis,Grandpa?"laskedGrandpa50．butdidn'tsayanything.HetookoutaChinesezither(古筝)fromtheboxundplayedit.'Themusicwasoneofthe51．PiecesthatIhadeverheard."Whatyousawandwhatyouheardisinheritance,"hesaid.WhenIgrewup,however,llearnedneitherzithernorfolkmusic,butthepianoinstead.Afterplayingthepianoforseveralyears,myskills52．bymyclassmatesandteachers.Oneday,ateacherofthefolkmusicclubaskedmeforhelp.Iwonderedwhy.Inmyopinion,therewasaluge53．betweenthepianoandzither.Well,itturnedoutthattheboywhoplayedthezitherintheirlearnwasillandshewashopingthatIcouldtook54．placeforawhile."Howcrazy!"lthought.ButIstillwantedtohaveatry.Thenextday,lwenttotheclubandjoinedtheteam,ofthesemusiciansandtheir55．—erhu,pipa,shengandxiao."Whyareyou56．interestedinfolkmusic?"Iaskedoneoftheplayers."I57．erhuforabouteightyears.Ithinktheremustbesomeonetoinheritthesethings,"hesaid."TheyarethegreattreasuresoftheChinesenation!Itisthemission(使命)ofeachChinese,isn'tit?"Hearingthis,Isuddenlyrememberedthatmygrandpaoncesaid.Althoughthatperformanceoftheclubwasover,Istillstayedinthefolkmusicclubandlearnedtoplaythezither.TheboyIreplacedwasvery58．tomeandtaughtmehowtoplayit!Inheritanceisn'tfarfromus.Itisneveradifficultword59．.ThehistoricaltraditionofChinarelateseveryone.阅卷人五、书面表达(共15分)得分60．俗话说得好："身体是革命的本钱"。我们每个人都是自己健康的第一责任人。那么在日常生活中，我们可以从哪些方面来爱护自己的身体呢？为此学校组织了一次演讲比赛，主题为"我的健康我做主"。请你参考以下思维导图，写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：

1.阐述健康的重要性；

2.讲述自己的相关经历及感受；

3.提出相关的建议。

要求：

1.词数不少于80词，首尾句已给出，不计入总词数；

2.文中不能出现真实的人名、校名；

3.参考词汇仅供参考。Dearteachersandstudents,Goodmorning!Todaythetopicofmyspeechis"Everyoneshouldberesponsibleforhishealth".……That'sall.Thankyouverymuchforyourattention!

答案解析部分【答案】1．B；2．C；3．A；4．E；5．C【解析】【分析】对话大意：对话在谈论关于提高英语的一些学习方法。

A.Me,too.我也是。

B.Whatisit?是什么？

C.Goodidea!好主意。

D.Longtimenosee!好久不见。

E.Ithinkit'shelpful.我认为这很有帮助。

F.Youcanasktheteacher.你可以问老师。

G.Canyousharethemwithus?你能和我们分享一下吗？

【点评】考查补全对话。补全对话考查日常交际用语的应用，要紧扣话题，根据上下文逻辑关系进行准确判断。1．根据上文语境"IfoundsomethingusefulonTV."可知应是询问是什么动词。选项B"Whatisit?是什么"符合语境，故选B。2．结合上文语境"TherearesomeclassestaughtbygreatteachersonTaiyuanTV."和后文"lwanttohavealook."可知中间需要句子承上启下，选项G"Canyousharethemwithus?"符合语境，故选G。3．根据前文"lwanttohavealook""Ofcourse."可知都是对于这个课程的想法，想去看看。后文"MyEnglishgrammarisnotverygood."说明也想去看。选项A"Metoo"符合语境，故选A。4．根据前文语境"AndthesedaysIkeeplisteningtoEnglishnewseveryday.这些天我每天都在听英语新闻。"可知应是说这个事情是有帮助的，选项E"Ithinkit'shelpful."符合语境，故选E。5．根据上文语境"WehavesomanywaystolearnEnglish.Let'ssharethemwithourclassmates."可知提出建议，应回答"好主意/听起来不错"等等。选项C"Goodidea!"符合语境，故选C。【答案】6．A；7．B；8．B；9．A；10．A；11．C；12．B；13．C【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了朱莉和玛利亚关于学习历史的方法。

【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。6．句意：但历史是她无法理解的。A.understand理解；B.practice练习，实践；C.imagine想象，设想。根据语境"Julieclosedherlookandsighed(叹息).Julieisaperfectmonitor(班长)andcanorganizeallkindsofactivities."可知班长可以做很多事情，就是不太理解历史。故选A。7．句意：就在这时，朱莉抬头一看，发现班上的玛丽亚坐在附近的一张桌子旁。A.cameout出版；B.lookedup查阅；C.satdown坐下。根据语境"foundMariafromherclasswasseatedatanearbytable."可知是抬头看，故选B。8．句意：朱莉和玛丽亚一起坐在那里，桌上放着一些卡片和彩色铅笔。A.visited参观；B.joined加入；C.stopped停止。根据前文语境，她发现了Maria，以及后文"Eachcardshowedacolorfulpicture.Juliawascurious,"Ithinkyouarestudyinghistory.""可知此处应是加入，join，故选B。9．句意：有时候光记东西是不够的，我必须要有创造力。A.enough足够；B.helpful有帮助的；C.difficult困难的。根据语境"Ihavetobecreative.Ilikeartandtheimageshelpmerecallfacts.""可知有这些是不够的。足够的，enough，形容词，故选A。10．句意："我明白了，"朱莉饶有兴趣地说。A.interest兴趣；B.surprise惊喜；C.courage勇气。根据后文语境"Afterthinkingforawhile,anideacametohermind."可知应是有兴趣，故选A。11．句意：她在组织大型活动方面有着丰富的经验，从一步一步地制定小计划开始。A.information信息；B.knowledge知识；C.experience经验。根据语境"startingfrommakingsmallplansstepbystep.Howcouldsheconnectallofthemintheend?Mindmaps!"可知是有着丰富的经验的，故选C。12．句意："嘿，玛丽亚，"朱莉说。"怎么样：我把这些历史事件分为不同的类型，用思维导图把每种类型联系在一起。A.common普通的；B.different不同的；C.useful有用的。根据语境"typesuseamindmaptoconnecteachtypetogether."推测是不同种类的，故选B。13．句意："那太酷了，"玛丽亚兴奋地喊道，"我们现在开始上课吧！"A.worriedly担忧地；B.proudly自豪地；C.excited兴奋的。根据语境""Let'sstartrighnow!""可知应是兴奋地，故选C。【答案】14．A15．C16．C17．A18．B【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要通过天宫课堂介绍展现出中国科技的发展。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文有细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题。细节理解考查学生们把握文章细节、快速寻找相关信息的能力，答案都可以在原文找到；推理判断则需要根据文章内容进行合理的猜测或判断句子的正误；主旨大意考查对文章整体内容的理解以及概括文章大意的能力。14．细节理解题。根据文章首段句子""TiangongClass"hasbecomeanimportantwaytospreadspaceknowledgetostudentsinChina."可知"天宫课堂"已成为向中国学生传播太空知识的重要途径。所以宇航员是为了传播太空知识而上课的，故选A。15．细节理解题。根据表格中"Inabuoyancy(浮力)experiment,Wangputatabletennisballintoaglassofwater.Insteadoffloating(漂浮)tothesurfacelikeonEarth,theballremainedinthemiddleofthewater.在浮力实验中，王把一个乒乓球放入一杯水中。球没有像在地球上那样浮到水面，而是留在了水的中央。"可知球没有像在地球上那样浮到水面，而是留在了水的中央，故选C。16．细节理解题。根据表格中"OnOctober12,2022,thethirdlessonof"TiangongClass"wasgivenintheChinaSpaceStation...Thistime,anewspaceclassroomwas"unlocked"—WentianLabModule."可知"天宫课堂"问天实验模块教学是是第三次课。故选C。17．推理判断题。根据表格中"Inanexperiment,WangYapingandYeGuangluthrewBingDwenDwentoeachother.BingDwenDwendidnotlandasquicklyasonEarth,butmovedalongthesamedirectioninanearlystraightline.Inthemicrogravityenvironmentofthespacestation,theactionofobjectsishardlyinfluencedbygravity.在一次实验中，王亚平和叶光禄把冰墩扔到了一起。冰墩墩降落的速度没有地球上那么快，而是以几乎直线的方式沿着同一方向移动。在空间站的微重力环境中，物体的动作几乎不受重力的影响。"可推测如果没有重力，那么物体落下的速度就不会有明显的变化，即水不可能往低处流，故选A。18．主旨大意题。根据文章首段"FromTiangong-1totheChinaSpaceStation,thedevelopmentofChina'smannedspaceprojecthasalwaysbeencloselyconnectedwithscienceeducation."TiangongClass"hasbecomeanimportantwaytospreadspaceknowledgetostudentsinChina.从天宫一号到中国空间站，中国载人航天工程的发展始终与科学教育紧密相连。"天宫课堂"已成为向中国学生传播太空知识的重要途径。"可知不同的技术在中国发展迅速，故选B。【答案】19．B20．C21．C22．B23．C【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了志愿者旅行的新方式。【点评】考查阅读理解。做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。19．推理判断题。根据第一段内容"DidyouwatchthepopularTVseriesMeetYourself(《去有风的地方》)?IntheTVseries,XuHongdoutravelstoavillageinYunnanandvolunteersatalocalcafe.Shegetsfreemealsinreturn.Astheshowgetspopular,volunteertravel—anold-yet-modernformoftravelsimilartoXu'swork-hascaughtmorepeople'seye."你看了流行的电视连续剧《去有风的地方》吗?在这部电视剧中，许红豆来到云南的一个村庄，在当地的一家咖啡馆做志愿者。她得到免费的饭菜作为回报。随着节目的热播，志愿者旅行——一种古老而现代的旅行方式，类似于许的作品，吸引了更多人的眼球。"可推测第一段的作用是为了引出志愿者旅游这个主题，引出下文，故选B。20．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段句子"Duringthetrip,volunteertravelersoftenprovideserviceliketeaching,cooking,animalcaringandculturalactivities.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thevolunteersmaygetfreeorcheaplivingplaces,meals,activitiesandclasses.在旅途中，志愿者旅行者经常提供教学、烹饪、动物护理和文化活动等服务。作为对他们帮助的交换，志愿者可以获得免费或廉价的生活场所、膳食、活动和课程。"可猜测，exchange，意为"交换"，用服务交换生活场所和膳食等等，故选C。21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段句子"Astheshowgetspopular,volunteertravel—anold-yet-modernformoftravelsimilartoXu'swork-hascaughtmorepeople'seye.随着节目的热播，志愿者旅行——一种古老而现代的旅行方式，类似于许的作品，吸引了更多人的眼球。"可知志愿者旅行的方式在古老时期就有了，故选C。22．段落大意题。a.志愿者活动在哪里进行？b.志愿者旅行是什么意思？c.人们为什么选择志愿旅行？d.电视剧《遇见自己》告诉我们什么？第一段DidyouwatchthepopularTVseriesMeetYourself(《去有风的地方》)?IntheTVseries,XuHongdoutravelstoavillageinYunnanandvolunteersatalocalcafe.Shegetsfreemealsinreturn.Astheshowgetspopular,volunteertravel—anold-yet-modernformoftravelsimilartoXu'swork-hascaughtmorepeople'seye."你看了流行的电视连续剧《遇见自己》吗(《去有风的地方》)?在这部电视剧中，许红豆来到云南的一个村庄，在当地的一家咖啡馆做志愿者。她得到免费的饭菜作为回报。随着节目的热播，志愿者旅行——一种古老而现代的旅行方式，类似于许的作品，吸引了更多人的眼球。"可知讲述了《去有风的地方》这一电视剧的内容，引出下文，与d匹配；第二段Volunteertravelreferstotakingatripandallorpartofthepurposeofthetripistohelpothers.Itcandatebacktothe1960s.Thesevolunteertripsareusuallyorganizedbynonprofit(非盈利的)organizations.Duringthetrip,volunteertravelersoftenprovideserviceliketeaching,cooking,animalcaringandculturalactivities.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thevolunteersmaygetfreeorcheaplivingplaces,meals,activitiesandclasses.志愿者旅行是指旅行的全部或部分目的是帮助他人。它可以追溯到20世纪60年代。这些志愿者之旅通常由非营利组织组织(非盈利的)组织。在旅途中，志愿者旅行者经常提供教学、烹饪、动物护理和文化活动等服务。作为对他们帮助的交换，志愿者可以获得免费或廉价的生活场所、膳食、活动和课程。可知这一段介绍了志愿旅行是什么，与b匹配；第三段Traditionally,thevolunteeractivitiestakeplaceinaforeigncountry.However,morevolunteertripshavetakenplacewithinthesamecountriesorplaceswherethevolunteerswereborninrecentyears.I'sreportedthatvolunteerprojectsinthecountrysidearenowattractingmorevisitorsfromcities.Theyseeitasabreakfromthefastandstressfulcitylife.传统上，志愿者活动在外国进行。然而，近年来，更多的志愿者旅行发生在志愿者出生的国家或地方。据我报道，农村的志愿者项目现在吸引了更多来自城市的游客。他们认为这是从快速而紧张的城市生活中解脱出来的。可知这段介绍了志愿旅行发生的地点，与a匹配；第四段Peopletryvolunteertravelforseveralreasons.Byworkingvoluntarilywhiletraveling,travelersmayhavearealandpositiveinfluenceontheworld.Theservicevolunteerprovidecanbecheapforthecommunitiestheyserve.Anotherbenefitofvolunteertravelisthatithelpspeoplelivingincitiestogetatasteofcountryside.Forthosewhoaresickofthepressurelivingincitiesbutcan'tdecidewhethertomovetothecountryside,volunteertravelcanbeasolution.Andcommunitiesinthecountrysidealsobenefitbyreceivingmoretravelersforthelocaltourismandhigh-qualityservice.人们尝试志愿旅行有几个原因。通过在旅行中自愿工作，旅行者可能会对世界产生真实而积极的影响。志愿者提供的服务对他们所服务的社区来说可能很便宜。志愿者旅行的另一个好处是，它可以帮助生活在城市的人们体验乡村。对于那些厌倦了城市生活压力但又无法决定是否搬到农村的人来说，志愿者旅行是一个解决方案。乡村社区也受益于接待更多的游客来享受当地的旅游和优质服务。可知这段介绍了为什么人们喜欢志愿旅行，与c匹配，因此正确的配对是①-d.②-b.③-a.④-c，故选B。23．最佳标题题。根据文章最后一段"Peopletryvolunteertravelforseveralreasons.Byworkingvoluntarilywhiletraveling,travelersmayhavearealandpositiveinfluenceontheworld.Theservicevolunteerprovidecanbecheapforthecommunitiestheyserve.Anotherbenefitofvolunteertravelisthatithelpspeoplelivingincitiestogetatasteofcountryside.Forthosewhoaresickofthepressurelivingincitiesbutcan'tdecidewhethertomovetothecountryside,volunteertravelcanbeasolution.Andcommunitiesinthecountrysidealsobenefitbyreceivingmoretravelersforthelocaltourismandhigh-qualityservice.人们尝