标准解读
GB/T 44362-2024是一项中国国家标准，专注于焊缝无损检测领域中的超声检测技术，特别强调了自动全聚焦技术（TFM）的应用。该标准为使用TFM进行焊缝检测提供了详细的操作规范和质量评估方法，旨在提升检测的准确性和效率，确保工业制造中焊缝的安全与可靠性。下面是对该标准主要内容的概述：
标准适用范围
本标准规定了使用超声波自动全聚焦技术（TFM）对各类材料（如金属、复合材料等）焊接接头进行无损检测时的术语和定义、检测原理、设备要求、检测前准备、检测实施步骤、数据处理与分析、检测报告编制及检测结果评价等内容。适用于制造业中各种焊接结构的质量控制和在役检测。
关键术语与定义
标准首先明确了TFM技术相关的专业术语，包括但不限于全聚焦技术原理、声束合成、时间偏移、相位补偿等，为后续内容的理解奠定基础。
检测设备与条件
详细说明了执行TFM检测所必需的超声检测仪器和探头的性能要求，如分辨率、动态范围、数据采集速率等，并对检测环境条件（如温度、湿度、表面准备等）给出了具体指导。
检测前准备
涵盖焊缝表面处理、耦合剂选择、检测方案设计等预检测准备工作，确保检测过程的顺利进行和结果的可靠性。
检测实施步骤
详细描述了使用TFM技术进行超声检测的具体操作流程，包括如何设置扫描参数、路径规划、数据采集策略以及如何实施全面且有效的焊缝扫查。
数据处理与分析
阐述了采集到的超声数据如何通过TFM算法进行处理，包括信号增强、噪声抑制、图像重建等，以提高缺陷识别的精度和效率。同时，对如何根据处理后的图像分析焊缝内部结构和缺陷特征进行了规范。
检测报告与结果评价
规定了检测报告应包含的信息内容，如检测基本信息、设备参数、检测过程描述、检测结果展示（包括TFM图像）、缺陷判定依据及结论等。同时，对缺陷的分类、尺寸评估、位置确定以及后续处理建议给出了评价准则。
质量保证与控制
强调了实施TFM检测过程中质量控制的重要性，要求建立并执行相应的校验、复核流程，确保检测结果的准确性和可追溯性。
如需获取更多详尽信息，请直接参考下方经官方授权发布的权威标准文档。
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文档简介
ICS
25.160.40
CCS
J
33
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T44362—2024/ISO23864:2021
焊缝无损检测超声检测
自动全聚焦技术（TFM）
Non-destructivetestingofwelds—Ultrasonictesting—Automatedtotalfocusing
technique（TFM）
（ISO23864:2021,Non-destructivetestingofwelds—Ultrasonictesting—Useof
automatedtotalfocusingtechnique（TFM）andrelatedtechnologies，IDT）
2024-08-23发布2024-08-23实施
国家市场监督管理总局发布
国家标准化管理委员会
GB/T44362—2024/ISO23864:2021
目次
前言
·····································································································
Ⅲ
1
范围
··································································································
1
2
规范性引用文件
······················································································
1
3
术语和定义
···························································································
2
4
检测等级
······························································································
2
5
检测前需要的信息
····················································································
3
5.1
编制检测工艺规程所需的信息
···································································
3
5.2
检测前检测人员所需的信息
·····································································
4
5.3
书面检测工艺规程
···············································································
4
6
检测人员和检测设备的要求
··········································································
4
6.1
人员资格
·························································································
4
6.2
检测设备
·························································································
4
7
检测准备
······························································································
5
7.1
检测区域
·························································································
5
7.2
典型焊缝不连续成像
·············································································
5
7.3
检测设置的验证
·················································································
9
7.4
扫查步进的设置
·················································································
9
7.5
几何形状的影响
·················································································
9
7.6
扫查面的准备
····················································································
9
7.7
温度
······························································································
9
7.8
耦合剂
···························································································
9
8
母材检测
····························································································
10
9
范围和灵敏度
·······················································································
10
9.1
通则
·····························································································
10
9.2
范围和灵敏度设置
··············································································
10
9.3
设置核查
························································································
10
10
参考试块和测试试块
···············································································
11
10.1
通则
···························································································
11
10.2
材质
···························································································
11
10.3
尺寸和形状
····················································································
11
10.4
参考反射体
····················································································
11
11
设备核查
···························································································
12
12
检测工艺规程验证
·················································································
12
13
焊缝检测
···························································································
12
Ⅰ
GB/T44362—2024/ISO23864:2021
14
数据存储
···························································································
12
15
TFM图像解释和分析
··············································································
12
15.1
总则
···························································································
12
15.2
TFM图像质量评价
············································································
13
15.3
相关指示鉴别
··················································································
13
15.4
相关指示分类
··················································································
13
15.5
指示位置和长度
···············································································
13
15.6
指示幅度或高度
···············································································
13
15.7
根据验收标准评定
·············································································
14
16
检测报告
···························································································
14
17
奥氏体焊缝
·························································································
15
附录A（资料性）典型参考试块和参考反射体
······················································
16
A.1参考反射体
·····················································································
16
A.2典型参考试块
···················································································
17
A.2.1检测等级A
················································································
17
A.2.2检测等级B
·················································································
18
A.2.3检测等级C
················································································
19
A.2.4检测等级D
················································································
20
A.2.5厚度为3.2mm～8mm的被检件
··························································
20
附录B（资料性）典型不连续的TFM成像
·························································
22
B.1总则
·····························································································
22
B.2成像示例
························································································
22
参考文献
································································································
30
Ⅱ
GB/T44362—2024/ISO23864:2021
前言
本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规
定起草。
本文件等同采用ISO23864:2021《焊缝无损检测超声检测自动全聚焦（TFM）及相关技术的
应用》。
请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。
本文件由中国机械工业联合会提出。
本文件由全国焊接标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC55）归口。
本文件起草单位：上海材料研究所有限公司、中国特种设备检测研究院、衢州市计量质量检验研究
院、中广核检测技术有限公司、艾因蒂克科技（上海）有限公司、东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公
司、宁波市特种设备检验研究院、核电运行研究（上海）有限公司、秦皇岛博诚工程技术有限公司、
中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司、山东瑞祥模具有限公司、华东理工大学、抚顺市特种设
备监督检验所、河北亿海管道集团有限公司、新乡市诚德能源科技装备有限公司、杭州电子科技大学、
青岛宜博铜业集团有限公司。
本文件主要起草人：张义凤、蒋建生、原可义、汤建帮、张瑞、谭云华、钱盛杰、丁杰、童良怀、
王建军、王福贵、魏玉龙、项延训、黄隐、余哲、钟德煌、刘勇、黄辉、苏金花、杨成、万海涛、
刘立帅、王晓宁、郭优、向文丽、陈建新、孔亚广、谈树涛。
Ⅲ
GB/T44362—2024/ISO23864:2021
焊缝无损检测超声检测
自动全聚焦技术（TFM）
1范围
本文件规定了母材厚度不小于3.2mm的金属熔化焊接接头使用全聚焦（TFM）及相关技术的半自
动或全自动超声检测。
注：除另有规定，本文件的“TFM”和“TFM技术”是指ISO23243中定义的TFM技术及其相关的全部技术，具
体见GB/T43921—2024和ISO23243。
本文件适用于各向同性（不同方向性能相同）且均匀的金属焊缝，也适用于各向同性且均匀的低碳
合金钢焊缝和常规航空等级的铝合金和钛合金焊缝。
本文件适用于板、管和容器简单几何形状的全熔透焊接接头。
本文件规定了4个检测等级（A级、B级、C级和D级），不同等级对应不同的缺欠检出率，提供
了检测等级选择导则。当满足本文件规定时，能检测粗晶金属和奥氏体焊缝。
本文件规定了TFM技术在熔焊接头不连续的检测、定位、定量和表征等方面的具体能
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