高考总复习英语（人教版）教师用书必修4Unit2Workingtheland

Unit2Workingtheland[话题单词]1．providev. 提供2．lackv．&n. 缺少3．wastev. 浪费4．remendv. 推荐5．declinev. 减少6．hitv. 产生不良影响7．protectionn. 保护8．energysavingadj. 节省能源的9．annualadj. 每年的10．severeadj. 严重的11．shortagen. 短缺12．crisisn. 危机13．ecologyn. 生态学14．outputn. 产量15．worsenvt. 使更糟[话题短语]1．dueto由于2．callon号召3．dealwith解决4．focuson集中于5．getridof去除，消除6．befacedwith面对7．beconcernedabout关心8．leadapoorlife过着贫穷的生活9．withthedevelopmentofeconomy随着经济的发展10．haveaneffect/influenceon...对……产生影响11．improvetheenvironment改善环境12．watershortage用水短缺13．urbanandruralareas城镇与农村14．awelloffsociety小康社会15．onalargerscale大量地[话题佳句]1．Nowadaysmanycountriesarefacedwithfoodcrisis.现在有一些国家正面临食品危机。2．Insomeareas，peoplearefightingforgettingridofstarvation.在一些地区，人们正为消除饥饿而斗争。3．Theclimatewhichhasbeenchangedseriouslyhasagreateffectontheoutputofgrain.变化剧烈的气候对粮食的产量影响很大。4．Urbanizationwhichhasmadelotsoffertilefarmlandwastedisanotherreason.使大量肥沃土地被浪费的城市化现象是另外一个原因。5．Therapidgrowthofpopulationandlimitedfarmlandarethemainreasonsforfoodcrisis.人口的快速增长和有限的耕地是食品危机的主要原因。6．Wemustbringinadvancedtechnologyandmodernizeourfarmingmethodtoimproveourgrainoutput.我们必须引进先进的技术同时使种植方法现代化，这样才能提高粮食产量。[佳作背诵]高三年级举办了一次讨论会，请你将活动情况写成一篇英文报道。活动时间上周五活动地点学校报告厅讨论主题未来会是怎样的？参与对象高三年级学生讨论内容乐观派未来随着科技的发展，交通更方便；人类会过上更高质量的生活，寿命更长。悲观派未来自然资源更少，耕地更少；环境污染更严重；交通事故更多。学生感受当务之急是采取措施保护自然资源，减少环境污染。[佳作欣赏]LastFriday，adiscussiononthetheme“Whatwillthefuturebelike？”washeldamongstudentsinSeniorThreeinthelecturehallofourschool.Somestudentsarequiteoptimistic，believingthatinthefuture，withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，transportationwillbemoreconvenientandhumanbeings，whoenjoyhigherqualityoflife，willlivemuchlonger.However，otherstudents，whoarealittlepessimistic，holdthatinthefutureasnaturalresourcesfurtherdecrease，farmlandwillbeeless.What’sworse，pollutionwillbemoreseriousandmoretrafficaccidentswillhappen.Afterthediscussion，werealizeweshouldtakeimmediatemeasurestoprotectnaturalresourcesandreduceenvironmentalpollution.一．高考单词→识记·思考·运用1．核心词汇①strugglevi.&n.斗争；拼搏②expandvt.&vi③exportvt.&vi④ridvt.摆脱；除去⑤reducevt.减少；减缩⑥focusn．焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦⑦mentn．评论；议论vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论⑧equipvt.&vi.配备；装备equipment⑨confusevt.使迷惑；使为难confusedadj.迷惑的confusingadj.令人困惑的⑩regretvt.遗憾；惋惜n．遗憾；懊悔regretfuladj.后悔的；遗憾的2．常考词汇①thereforeadv.因此；所以；因而②decaden.十年；十年期③outputn.产量；输出④skimvt.浏览；略读⑤underlinevt.画底线标出；强调⑥battlen.战役；战斗；斗争；较量vt.&vi⑦hungern.饥饿；欲望vt.&vi.(使hungryadj.饥饿的⑧disturbingadj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的；disturbvt.打扰⑨circulatevt.&vicirculationn.循环；流传⑩discoveryn．发现；发觉discovervt.发现⑪occupationn.工作；职业；占领occupyvt.占据；占领⑫chemicaladj.化学的；关于化学的n.化学药品；chemistryn.化学；chemistn.化学家用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity(product)．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Whatdoestheunderlined(underline)word“that”inParagraph3referto？(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)3．Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter，excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed，you’renottobedisturbed(disturb)．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)4．Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreduced(reduce)plantdiversityinthepark.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)5．Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipment(equip)withyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)6．Tohelpyoudothat，yourbrainincreasesyourhunger(hungry)fornewexperiences.(2016·北京卷)7．GeorgeVaillantisthepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery(discover)．(2016·天津卷)8．Mostofusaremorefocused(focus)onourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)9．Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessoftheharmfuleffectsofchemicals(chemistry)onhumans.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)10．Takingmelatonin(褪黑激素)drugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoare_struggling(struggle)tofallasleepatnight.(2016·四川卷)❶“因此”家族①thereforeadv.因此；所以；因而②soconj.因此，所以③thusadv.因此，于是④consequentlyadv.所以，因此⑤asaresult结果，因此❷后缀tion构成的抽象名词①addition增加，增加物②application请求，应用，运用③appreciation欣赏，鉴赏④celebration庆祝，典礼⑤bination结合⑥concentration集中，专心⑦conduction传导⑧congratulation祝贺⑨consideration考虑，思考⑩construction建造，建筑❸动词“扩展；扩大”荟萃①extend延伸；扩大②enlarge扩大；放大③spread扩展；蔓延；传播④expand扩展；扩张；膨胀⑤broaden使……变宽，扩展⑥widen加宽，使张开，使扩大❹后缀dom构成的名词一览①freedom自由②wisdom智慧③kingdom王国④filmdom电影界，电影业二．重点短语→识记·思考·运用1．动词＋介词/副词①searchfor寻找；搜寻②turnto转向；求助于③focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于……④buildup逐渐增强；建立；开发⑤leadto导致；造成(后果)⑥rid...of使……摆脱或除去2．其他形式①wouldrather宁愿；宁可②thanksto幸亏；由于，因为③besatisfiedwith对……感到满意④withthehopeof怀有……的希望⑤keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物质)用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1．Theytriedagainandagainuntilallofuswere_satisfied.(2017·北京卷)2．Studyingbabies’playmaylead_toabetterunderstandingofscience.(2016·浙江卷)3．Usually，gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopicthatapersonwould_ratherkeepsecret.(2016·浙江卷)4．Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavetakenoffthanks_tothefortableclimateforbusinesscreation.(2016·江苏卷)5．Afterhavingtaughtfifthgradeclassesforfouryears，Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfear.(2015·浙江卷)❶“动词＋up”短语小结①eup上来，长出，出现②keepup保持③hurryup赶快④stayup挺住，熬夜⑤makeup构成，组成，编造，弥补⑥speedup加快速度❷“动词＋to”短语荟萃①leadto导致，通向②attendto处理，专心于，照料③addto增添④agreeto同意⑤eto苏醒⑥referto谈到，涉及，参阅三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowtheseplants?如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？ifso意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。WillyoubefreethisSunday?If_so，let’sgocamping.2.In1973，hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。thefirst/last/best...＋n.＋todosth.“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个……做某事的人/物”。她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开，我猜这就是她那么快得到晋升的原因。Sheisalwaysthefirstpersonto_go_to_the_office_and_the_last_to_leave，whichIguessiswhysheispromotedsoquickly.3.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduce20%moreofthecropinthesamefields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。“makeit＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构。他的梦想是奥运会将使得各个国家和人民和平共处。HisdreamwasthattheOlympicGameswouldmake_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_livepeacefullysidebyside.4.Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。wouldratherdosth.“宁愿做……”。现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplewould_rather_not_live_in_big_cities.strugglev．&n．奋斗，努力；斗争，抗争(1)struggleagainst/withsb./sth.同……作斗争；与……抗争struggle(withsb.)forsth.为争取……而(与某人)作斗争struggletodosth.艰难地做某事，挣扎着做某事struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来(2)withastruggle费劲地Itisastruggleforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是一件艰难的事①(教材原句)Indeed，hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim，strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers，forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。②Farmersalwayshavetostruggleforaliving.Theyoftenstruggleagainst/withthebadweatherforabetterharvest.Someofthemevenhavetoleavetheirhometownandgotoworkincities，struggling(struggle)toincreasetheirine.农民一直都得为了生存而努力。他们经常与恶劣的天气斗争来争取好一点的收成。他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡到城市打工，努力地增加他们的收入。③(2016·北京卷)Becauseacollegemunity(群体)differsfromthefamily，manystudentswillstruggletofind(find)asenseofbelonging.因为大学群体不同于家庭，很多学生要艰难地寻找一种归属感。④单句语法填空(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggled(struggle)tokeepataconstantspeed.equipvt.&vi.装备；配备(1)equip...with...用……装备……beequippedwith装备着……equip...forsth./todosth.为了……而装备，使……能够做某事bewell/poorlyequipped设备精良的/较差的(2)equipmentn．装备；设备(不可数名词)apieceofequipment一件设备①(教材原句)Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.因此，他资助几百万元供其他人进行农业研究。②(2016·北京卷)Thus，thesewellequipped(wellequip)peoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.这样，这些装备精良的人幸存了下来，因为他们是最健康的。③语境填词Equipped(equip)withmuchknowledgeabouteducation，LiMingthoughtthetrainingcoursehad_equipped(equip)himforhisjob.Hewasappointedtoamiddleschool，whoseclassroomsandreadingroomwere_equipped(equip)withputersandothernecessaryequipment(equip)．Hewasgladtoseeallthisandwhenhesawthewellequipped(equip)laboratory，hefelthelikedtheschoolandwoulddoquitewellthere.④单句语法填空(2017·天津卷)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment(equip),allowingmorepatientstobetreated.confusevt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆(1)sth.confusesb.某事使某人困惑confuse...with/and...混淆；把……混同；辨别不清(2)confusedadj.困惑的，烦恼的(表示人的内心感受)bee/getconfused困惑；不知所措beconfusedby被……弄混、糊涂beconfusedabout对……糊涂、不解(3)confusingadj.令人费解的；使人困惑的(表示事物的状态)(4)confusionn．混乱；杂乱；困惑inconfusion处于混乱状态(＝inamess)；困惑地①(教材原句)Itisimportanttoexplainthisagainorwewillconfusethestudents.把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。②Confused(confuse)，Iglancedtowardmystonefacedteacher.我看了一眼板着脸的老师，内心充满了困惑。③Iwasgettingconfused(confuse)bysuchaconfusing(confuse)problem.我被这么困惑的问题搞得不知所措。regretvt.惋惜；后悔；遗憾n.遗憾；抱歉；懊悔(1)regretdoing/havingdonesth.后悔做了某事regrettodosth.遗憾将要做某事regrettosay/tell/inform...that...遗憾地说(告知)……regret＋that从句遗憾……(2)withgreat/deepregret很遗憾toone’sregret让某人感到遗憾的是havenoregrets没有遗憾(3)regrettableadj.令人遗憾的，令人懊悔的①(教材原句)Hisfathersaysthathehasneverregrettedsendinghissontostudyabroad.他的父亲说他从不后悔送他儿子到国外学习。②Ihavealwaysregrettednot_having_studied(notstudy)hardatschool.我一直后悔在校期间没有努力学习。③Iregretted(regret)totellhimthathehadbeendismissed.Tomysurprise，hesaidtome，“Ihavenoregrets(regret)．Ionlyregrethaving_taken(take)thewrongjob.”我遗憾地告诉他他被解雇了。使我惊奇的是，他对我说：“我没有什么遗憾。我唯一后悔的是选错了工作。”focusvt.集中注意力；聚焦n.焦点，关注点，中心点(1)focuson...集中于……focusone’smind/attention/eyes/energyon....集中注意力/目光/精力于……focus/fix/concentrateone’sattentiononsth./doingsth.把注意力集中到某事/做某事payattentionto集中注意力于……(2)befocusedon/uponsth.＝befixedon集中于……(3)bring/throwofocus使某事物成为焦点(受到关注)thefocusofattention注意力的焦点①(教材原句)Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。②(2016·北京卷)Anxiousallthetime，Iwasunabletokeepfocused(focus)formorethananhouratatime.由于一直焦虑，所以我不能够一次集中精力超过一个多小时。③Globalwarmingisthefocusofthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.Expertsfromdifferentcountrieswillfocusonapossiblesolutiontothisproblem.Infactmanyscientistsare_focusing(focus)theirattentionon/uponthisresearch.全球变暖是明天要举行的会议的焦点。来自于不同国家的专家们将集中找到一个可能的办法来解决这一问题。事实上很多科学家们正集中精力进行这一研究。④单句语法填空(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocused(focus)ondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.besatisfiedwith对……表示满足或满意(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(besatisfiedwith...,behappywith...,becontentwith...))对……满意(2)besatisfiedtodo...对做……感到满意(3)(much)toone’ssatisfaction＝tothesatisfactionofsb.使某人满意的是(4)satisfyone’sneeds＝satisfytheneedsofsb.满足某人的需求(5)satisfiedadj.满意的①(教材原句)YuanLongpingisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.袁隆平很满意自己的生活。②Fromhissatisfied(satisfy)lookIknowheis_satisfied(satisfy)toworkhere.从他满意的神情可以看出，他很满意在这里工作。③Muchtomysatisfaction(satisfy)，mybossagreedtomysuggestion.使我非常满意的是老板同意了我的建议。buildup逐渐增强；建立；开发buildsb./oneselfup增强体质buildupone’shealth/body增进健康buildupafame建立名声buildon在……基础上发展；增(扩)建①(教材原句)Thesec