2019年北京市高考英语试卷

绝密★启用前2021年北京市高考英语试卷试卷副标题考试范围：xxx；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx题号一二三四五六总分得分考前须知：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷〔选择题)请点击修改第I卷的文字说明评卷人得分一、完形填空Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhisneighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen1freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.Sincehefirststarted2hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas3anastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous4withthestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.Thestudentswhohe’s5havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents6callhim“Grandpa〞.TinaStern7ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoherthanjustfree8.“It’snotjustaride;you’renotjustsittingtherein9silenceorwithyourheadphoneson.〞Sternsaid.“Heasksyouquestionsandactually10theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he’ll11thosethings.〞Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganisation.OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe12asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes13toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration,Wilsonisthereto14them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities,Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever15tobuythemameal.Formanystudents,Wilson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it’salsoentirely16forthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto17vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas18themtocompletetheireducation—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe19.“IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,〞Wilsonsaid.“It’ssucha(n)20tobeapartofthesekids’lives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories.〞1．A．linkingB．sendingC．offeringD．distributing2．A．donatingB．lendingC．deliveringD．volunteering3．A．pavedB．coveredC．measuredD．wandered4．A．argumentsB．interviewsC．negotiationsD．conversations5．A．metB．drivenC．addressedD．greeted6．A．evenB．everC．onceD．already7．A．earnedB．receivedC．assessedD．demanded8．A．transportationB．styleC．timeD．communication9．A．forcedB．awkwardC．ridiculousD．suspicious10．A．selectsB．recitesC．guessesD．remembers11．A．actonB．settleonC．checkonD．agreeon12．A．clubB．leagueC．collegeD．programme13．A．farB．aroundC．beyondD．forwards14．A．assistB．watchC．urgeD．warn15．A．expectsB．attemptsC．managesD．hesitates16．A．extraB．unusualC．necessaryD．adequate17．A．shareB．fuelC．repairD．exchange18．A．requiredB．allowedC．remindedD．convinced19．A．experienceB．arrangementC．appreciationD．employment20．A．effortB．ambitionC．privilegeD．convenience【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．D5．B6．A7．B8．A9．B10．D11．C12．D13．C14．A15．D16．C17．A18．B19．A20．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章表达了76岁的PaulWilson八年来一直免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。1．考查动词辨析。A.linking连接；B.sending寄送；C.offering提供；D.distributing分配。根据第一段可知，PaulWilson确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson给那些学生提供免费的乘车效劳。故C选项正确。2．考查动词辨析。A.donating捐献，捐赠；B.lending借出；C.delivering发表，投递；D.volunteering自愿。根据上文中的“freerides〞可知，Wilson是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供应那些学生的。故D选项正确。3．考查动词辨析。A.paved铺设，安排；B.covered行走，覆盖；C.measured测量，判断；D.wandered徘徊，漫步。Wilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64,000英里。表示“行走一段路程〞，应用cover。故B选项正确。4．考查名词辨析。A.arguments争论；B.interviews接见，采访；C.negotiations谈判；D.conversations谈话。Wilson在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间有愉快幽默的“谈话，交谈〞，故D选项正确。5．考查动词辨析。A.met遇见；B.driven驾车，开车；C.addressed演说；演讲；向……说话；D.greeted问候，迎接。根据上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该空应该对应上一句中的“hetransportstoandfromschool〞，drive意为“驾车送〔人〕〞。故B选项正确。6．考查副词辨析。A.even甚至；B.ever永远，曾经；C.once一次，曾经；D.already已经。这些学生将Wilson当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷〞。该空表示递进，故A选项正确。7．考查动词辨析。A.earned赚得；B.received接受；C.assessed评估；D.demanded要求。根据后面的介词from可以推知，TinaStern从Wilson那儿收到免费的乘车时机。故B选项正确。8．考查名词辨析。A.transportation运输，运送；B.style风格，类型；C.time时间，次数；D.communication交流。对TinaStern来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。故A选项正确。9．考查形容词辨析。A.forced强迫的；B.awkward为难的，笨拙的；C.ridiculous可笑的；D.suspicious可疑的，疑心的。Tina说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人为难的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。〞坐在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人为难的。故B选项正确。10．考查动词辨析。A.selects选择；B.recites背诵；C.guesses猜想；D.remembers记住，记得。每次坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。故D选项正确。11．考查动词短语辨析。A.acton对……起作用；B.settleon定居，决定；C.checkon检查，核实；D.agreeon对……取得一致意见。在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，Wilson会检查上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个时机了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。12．考查名词辨析。A.club俱乐部；B.league联盟，社团；C.college大学；D.programme工程，方案。Wilson最初通过一个非盈利组织OnPointforCollege的一个工程作了一名司机。该工程只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。根据上句中的“student-supportprogramme〞可知，D选项正确。13．考查副词辨析。A.far远地；B.around到处；C.beyond更远处，超过；D.forwards向前。结合下文中提到的“Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration,Wilsonisthereto____them.Iftheyrunoutof…Ifastudentgetshungry…〞可知，Wilson的所作所为超过了该工程的要求。故C选项正确。14．考查动词辨析。A.assist帮助；B.watch观看；C.urge强烈要求；D.warn警告。如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson会去帮助他们〔解决相关的问题〕。故A选项正确。15．考查动词辨析。A.expects期望；B.attempts试图；C.manages经营，设法；D.hesitates犹豫。从上文举的例子可知，该局部都表达的是Wilson对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。故D选项正确。16．考查形容词辨析。A.extra额外的；B.unusual不寻常的；C.necessary必需的；D.adequate充足的，适当的。根据下文中“Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothers…Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas____themtocompletetheireducation〞可以推知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐Wilson的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必需的。故C选项正确。17．考查动词辨析。A.share分享；B.fuel加燃料；C.repair修理；D.exchange交换。有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示“共用〞，需用share。故A选项正确。18．考查动词辨析。A.required需要；B.allowed允许；C.reminded提醒，使想起；D.convinced说服，使信服。乘坐Wilson的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。表示“允许某人做某事，使某人能够做某事〞应该用allowsb.todosth.。故B选项正确。19．考查名词辨析。A.experience经历，经验；B.arrangement安排；C.appreciation欣赏，感谢；D.employment雇用，使用。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历〞中受益颇多。A选项正确。20．考查名词辨析。A.effort努力；B.ambition雄心，志向；C.privilege荣幸，特权，优待；D.convenience方便，便利。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历〞中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的“荣幸〞，故C选项正确。评卷人得分二、阅读理解Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社区).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:21．Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A．Toseeklocalpartners.B．Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C．Tocarryoutprogrammes.D．Tofosterculturalawareness.22．TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein________.A．EgyptB．AlgeriaC．KenyaD．SouthAfrica23．ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto________.A．explorenewculturesB．protecttheenvironmentC．gaincorporatebenefitD．helpcommunitiesinneed【答案】21．C22．D23．D【解析】【分析】本文是一那么广告。GlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA)致力于积极的改变贫穷和偏远的社区，在这里能探索新的文化，结识新朋友，同时做一些有价值的事。文章为GDA招募志愿者并介绍了今年夏天的具体工程。21．细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincrease...,orhelptoproject....Youmightalsodesign...可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战工程培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行工程方案。应选C。22．细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个工程将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中4-weekprogrammes中的最后一个SouthAfrica2Aug—29Aug，可知八月在南非开始，答案选D。23．细节理解题。题干问GDA的所有工程的共同目的是什么。根据第一段you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity.和倒数第二段中Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的开展，即帮助有需要的社区。应选D。AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(创业者),whoinMay2021setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?〞Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.24．HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A．Shearguedwithhim.B．Shetriedtofindawayout.C．Shepaidnoattention.D．Shechosetoconsultdentists.25．WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A．Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B．Itisfreeofsweeteners.C．Itissweeterthanothercandies.D．Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.26．WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A．Toearnmoremoney.B．Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C．Tomakeherselfstandout.D．Tobeatothercandycompanies.27．WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?A．Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B．Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C．Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D．Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied【答案】24．B25．A26．B27．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了AliceMoore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。24．推理判断题。根据第二段的ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?〞及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反响是：她试图找到一条出路，解决问题。应选B。25．细节理解题。根据第三段的Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.可知，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙齿有利。应选A。26．细节理解题。根据最后一段的Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.可知，Moore想用她独特的才能帮助其他人找到自己的笑容。应选B。27．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。应选C。Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions〞(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming〞youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.28．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A．Panicked.B．Confused.C．Embarrassed.D．Disappointed.29．Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan________.A．aimatvictimspreciselyB．damagedatabaseseasilyC．startcampaignsrapidlyD．spreadinformationwidely30．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C．Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D．Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.31．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB．WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC．WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD．HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology【答案】28．D29．A30．B31．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要运营商和消费者共同努力。28．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions〞(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.可知，我们认识到了问题的严重性，支持和开发了旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案〞被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决方法〞对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望〞。故D选项正确。29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming〞youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确确实定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。30．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的表达可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。31．主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls〔机器人：自动拨号播放录音信息的推销〕在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的屏幕上的号码令人疑心，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术开展会使得机器人产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.〞shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.〞Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.〞Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,〞Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.〞32．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable〞inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive.B．Beneficial.C．Significant.D．Unnoticeable.34．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.35．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.【答案】32．B33．A34．D35．C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。一项最新研究说明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象的原因是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋外表形成了五颜六色的图案，现在浮游植物受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，让浮游植物的生长更加旺盛，所以海洋相应会变得更蓝、更绿。32．主旨大意题。根据第一段Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一项新的研究说明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋外表形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要表达了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。应选B。33．猜想词义题。根据划线词后的Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，也就是很敏感。故A项正确。34．推理判断题。根据第四段Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知，Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比方北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。故D项正确。35．主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一项新的研究说明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，接下来详细讲述了原因。故C项正确。第II卷〔非选择题)请点击修改第II卷的文字说明评卷人得分三、语法填空阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I36．(voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother.“HowwillImakefriends?〞Shehandedmeadvice.“Beyourself.〞Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously37．(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto38．(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself〞.【答案】36．voiced37．facing38．myself【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在一年级的第一天，对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议Beyourself〔做自己〕让作者受益良多。36．考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？〞此处的voice是动词，“表达〞的意思，作谓语。表达的是一年级的事情，用一般过去时。故填voiced。37．考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Beyourself〞。分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。38．考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Beyourself〞。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。EarthDay,39．(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated40．1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious41．(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.【答案】39．marked40．in41．activities【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。39．考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词EarthDay的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。40．考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动普及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。41．考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion42．(suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan43．theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose44．aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源).Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand45．(meaning)collegeexperience.【答案】42．suggests/suggested/hassuggested43．where44．who/that45．meaningful【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究说明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学时机和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。42．考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究说明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/hassuggested。43．考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里〔哪所大学〕更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。44．考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。45．考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词collegeexperience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。评卷人得分四、七选五Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.46．Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?47．Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(协调)theiractions.48．Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIinTEAM.〞49．Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam