07.情态动词及虚拟语气-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车

第页第07讲：第07讲：情态动词及虚拟语气考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接 考点归纳基本情态(助)动词:can/could,may/might,must,shall,should/oughtto,will/would(表意愿)常见情态动词的区分: ⑴ can/beableto:①前者表示固有能力，后者表示努力后获得的能力；②过去时态，前者表示具有能力做(但不一定做)，后者仅表示过去做且已成功；③时态上，前者只能变为could，后者有多种时态选择1 ⑵ must/haveto:前者指主观意见，后者指客观需要1 ⑶ would/usedto:都表示过去经常重复的动作，但前者只能用于表示过去习惯性动作，而不能表示过去的状态，而后者皆可；后者一般不能与表确定时间段的时间状语并存 ⑷ dare/need:两个词都兼作实义动词与情态动词[语法上称其为边际情态助动词(MarginalModalAuxiliary)]；参照其他只能做情态动词的词的搭配，区分dare/need是何种动词(如candosth./can’tdosth.)；一般肯定句中，两者只能作及物动词；作实义动词时两者均后接带to的不定式；特殊地，dare作实义动词时可省略to；dare的否定形式为daren’t ⑸ mustn’t/needn’t:两者均为must的否定形式，前者表示不许，后者表示不必 ⑹ needn’thavedone/didn’tneedto:前者表示没必要做但已做完，后者表示没必要做且未做特殊情态动词的用法: ⑴ modalverbs+v.-ing:对于正在进行(或将来)的事表示揣测，解释为“应当正在”、“想必正在”等，如 e.g.Thechildcan’tbetellingthetruth.Itmustbesnowing.Hemightstillbesleeping. ⑵ shall:用于征求允诺；用于法律法规的允诺、要求、命令(表示说话人的强烈意志、决心) ⑶ should:表示应该；抒发诸如惊奇、不满等情绪情态动词表“推测”: ⑴ 可能性由小到大依次为:EQEQ\O(Uncertain→Certain,mightmaycouldcanshouldoughttowouldwillmust) ⑵ 表推测时，can不用于肯定句，may不用于疑问句，即“may不疑，can不肯”，但could没有这一限制 ⑶ must用于肯定句；表示一定不，改用can’t而非mustn’t；must很少用于推测将来情况 ⑷ can在疑问句中表示“可能，会”，couldn’t表示否定推测modalauxiliary+havedone: can’t/couldn’thavedone过去不可能 musthavedone过去必然发生 may/mighthavedone过去可能发生却未发生 oughtto/shouldhavedone过去应该做却未做 couldhavedone过去可以完成却未完成(委婉、遗憾) (needn’t见上)涉及情态动词的一些词组: maywell/might(may)aswell=hadbetter/wouldlike(love/care)todo/shouldlike(love)to do/wouldrather…than/couldyoupleasedosth.?/can’thelpbutdo/can’tbetoo/betohave done=shouldhavedoneif引导的非真实条件状语从句:注意①去掉if倒装；②主从句时态可不一致if从句主句一般时v.-ed/werewould/should/might/could+v.过去时hadv.-edwouldhavev.-ed将来时v.-ed/weretov./should+v.would+v.wish/asif表示与真实相反表示“建议”、“命令”、“愿望”、“要求”的a./v./n.用于名词性从句中，从句用(should)+v.

特别注意insist(坚持说、坚持认为)及suggest(表明、暗示) 考前巩固I. Putinverbswithappropriatemodalauxiliaryaccordingtothemeaning.Thisphoto_______(take)inthefiftiesofthecentury.Youcanjudgethisbytheclothesthepeoplearewearing.Ihavetospeakoftheplacebecausethestoryofmylife_______(nottell)withoutmentioningit.We’resupposedtohaveavolleyballmatchthisafternoon,buttheysayit_______(rain).He_______(nottell)themapartbecausetheyaremuchalike.He_______(go)toBeijingforIsawhimatPeople’sSquareatten.It_______(rain)outside.Icanseemanypeoplewithanumbrellaoraraincoat.You_______(tell)methatyouwerebringingyourfriendstodinner!2WhereisWendy?She_______(notgo)out,asthedoor’slocked.2Thegroupgotlostinthemountains.They_______(take)amapandacompasswiththem.II. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.请问你能借给我5美元吗？明天就还。(until)他竟出了车祸，真是我吃惊。(surprise)你怎么竟敢在校长面前说那种话？(dare)如果我是你的话，我绝不会错过如此好的良机。(If)从她兜圈子说话的方式就可看出，她物理考试准没过。(can)我没有想到你竟然这么快就解决了这个困难的问题。(expect)你现在如此昏昏欲睡，今天一定起了个大早。(getup)有些女性本可拥有一份工资不错的活儿干而不用呆在家中，但她们为了家庭放弃了工作机会。(sake)III. Choosethebestanswer.Withallthisworkathand,he_____tothecinemalastnight. A.mustn’tgo B.wouldn’tgo C.oughtn’ttogo D.shouldn’thavegoneHeisanhourlate.He_____byfog.Ofcourse,that’sonlyapossibility. A.mayhavebeendelayed B.shouldhavebeendelayed

C.canhavebeendelayed D.musthavebeendelayedYou_____suchalongessay.Theteacheronlyaskedfor300words,andyouhavewritten1,000. A.needn’twrite B.needn’thavewritten C.didn’tneedtowrite D.didn’tneedwriteIdon’tbelievehim.He_____beserious. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.maynot D.can’tIt’swonderfulthatyou_____haveachievedsomuchintheseyears. A.would B.might C.should D.couldSinceitisalreadymidnight,we_____. A.shouldtakeourleave B.hadbetterbeleaving

C.mightaswellleave D.oughttobeleavingHe_____backtoworkwithoutthedoctor’spermission.Now,hehastostayinhisbedforacoupleofweeks. A.needn’thavegone B.couldn’thavegone C.shouldn’thavegone D.mustn’thavegone“ThisbookgivesavividpictureoflifeinancientGreece.”“Howbeautifullife_____inancientGreece!” A.mustbe B.shouldbe C.musthavebeen D.shouldhavebeenIthasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected. A.can B.will C.may D.shallAleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_____beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation. A.should B.can C.must D.willHow_____yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle. A.can B.must C.need D.mayMyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who_____havetakenit? A.should B.must C.could D.wouldMr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_____itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony. A.can B.should C.may D.must–Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere? –Well,ifyou_____know,hernameisMabel. A.may B.can C.must D.shall3–Mum,I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o’clock._____IgooutandplaywithTomforawhile?

–No,I’mafraidnot.Besides,it’srainingoutsidenow.3 A.Can’t B.Wouldn’t C.Maynot D.Won’t–Didn’ttheycometothepartylastweek?

–Yes.Theydidn’twanttocomewithusatfirst,butthenwe_____persuadethem. A.would B.could C.wereableto D.hadtoYoumightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers_____notlikethedesignofthefurniture. A.must B.shall C.may D.need–Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?

–Sorry,Iamnotsure.Butit_____be. A.might B.will C.must D.canThere_____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool. A.mustn’t B.shan’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’tIwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They_____atleast150kmanhour. A.shouldhavebeendoing B.musthavebeendoing

C.couldhavebeen D.wouldhavedoneYou_____paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskill,asitissoimportant. A.can’t B.should C.must D.needn’tAren’tyoutired?I_____youhaddoneenoughfortoday. A.shouldhavethought B.musthavethought C.mighthavethought D.couldhavethoughtThehotelisonlyastone’sthrowaway,soyou_____takeabus. A.neednotto B.notneedto C.don’tneed D.neednot–Youneedn’tdoitrightnow,needyou? –Yes,IamafraidI_____. A.need B.needn’t C.must D.mustn’tBequick!They_____forusattheschoolgatenow. A.musthavewaited B.mustwait C.mustbewaiting D.oughttohavewaitedThelittlegirl_____touchtheworm. A.daresnot B.daresnotto C.dareto D.darenot–DoyouknowwhereDavidis?

–Well.He_____havegonefar—hiscoatisstillhere. A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.wouldn’tHe_____havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbyseaside. A.should B.must C.wouldn’t D.can’tItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_____forher. A.hadtowriteitout B.musthavewrittenitout

C.shouldhavewrittenitout D.oughttowriteitoutYoucan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady. A.might B.need C.should D.would 模拟演练It____havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar. A.may B.can C.must D.shouldItisimportanttoknowabouttheculturaldifferencesthat____causeproblems. A.must B.dare C.need D.may–Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn’tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.

–Oh,you____havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline. 8 A.must B.mustn’t C.should D.shouldn’t8Someyoungpeoplethesedaysjust____gooutoftheirhomestocontacttherealworld. A.mustn’t B.won’t C.mightn’t D.shouldn’t–Isn’tthatfamousactressoverthere?

–No,it____beher.I’msuresheisn’tthatordinary-looking. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.won’t D.maynot–Ididn’tseeherlastnightattheparty. –You____.Butyoucametoolate. A.couldhave B.can’thave C.musthave D.oughthaveAfterathoroughinvestigation,thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim’shead____frombehind. A.shouldhavebeenmade B.musthavebeenmade

C.wouldhavebeenmade D.oughttohavebeenmade–Whereismyreferencebook?Itwashereamomentago.

–Someone____itbymistake. A.couldtake B.musttake C.mighttake D.musthavetakenHewasnothere.Sincehehadalreadyhadhispaperscorrected,he____behind. A.needn’thavestayed B.mustn’thavestayed C.didn’tneedtostay D.shouldn’tstayJohnpromisedhiswifehe____notsmoke,andhehasneversmokedeversince. A.might B.should C.must D.wouldVeryoften,whenhe____havebeendoingwhatwasassignedtohim,hepassedhistimeeitherbydaydreamingorbydrawingcartooncharacters. A.could B.must C.should D.wouldNowonderyoucaughtacold.You____havegoneoutlastnightwithoutacoat. A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.couldn’t D.mightn’tTheweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I____thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme. A.shouldhavetaken B.couldhavetaken C.couldn’thavetaken D.needn’thavetakenYou____behungryalready—youhadabigcakeonlyhalfanhourago. A.wouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’tScientistsaretryingtodevelopasoya-basedfoodfuelforcars,which____onedayreplacepetrol. A.must B.should C.would D.mayAccordingtotheWhiteHouse,thesecuritydepartment____investigate,assoonaspossible,theincidentaboutaciviliancoupleattendingagovernmentdinnerpartyfortheIndianPrimeMinisterwithoutbeinginvited. A.can B.must C.need D.oughtThemissingscientist____here,sincethevillagersareusingthefarmingapproachhecreated. A.shouldhavebeen B.couldn’thavebeen C.mightnothavebeen D.musthavebeenSorry,Igotuplatethismorning.I____havesetthealarmclockbeforeIwenttobedlastnight. A.might B.should C.must D.would–Whydidn’tyoucometoMary’sbirthdaypartyyesterday?

–Well,I____,butIforgotit. A.shouldhave B.must C.should D.musthave– Mary,nowyouhaveachancetostudyinSingaporeforayearasanexchangestudent.Areyou interested?

– ____thatbetrue?OfcourseI’llgo. 9 A.May B.Might C.Can D.Must9Sofarnolifehasbeenfoundoutsidetheearth,butwhilesomescientistsareactivelysearchingforlivingthingsinouterspace,otherfirmlybelievethere____. A.mustn’tbe B.maynotbe C.can’tbe D.won’tbeEducationknowsnolimits.It____takeplaceanywhere,whetherinakitchenorinthejob. A.should B.can C.need D.mustItisdangeroustoplaywithknife.You____hurtyourself. A.can B.may C.must D.should–Shelooksveryhappy.She____havepassedtheexam.

–Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall. A.should B.could C.must D.mightHe____thelettertyped,buthedecidedtohandwriteitandsenditinpersoninordertoshowhissincerity. A.musthavehad B.shouldhavehad C.wouldhave D.couldhavehadLookatthenaughtyboy!You____havetaughthimhowtobehavehimself. A.must B.may C.can D.shouldYou____tellhim.Heisfullyawareofthedanger. A.mustn’t B.don’tneed C.needn’t D.can’tSeriouslyinjuredinamatch,DavidBeckham____losethechancetoshowupatthe2010SouthAfricaWorldCup. A.can B.must C.should D.might–Whatsortofhousedoyouwanttohave?Somethingbig?

–Well,it____bereallyhuge—sizeisn’tsoimportant. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.won’t–John,howdidyourEnglishexamgo?

–IthoughtI____butactuallyIcameinthetop10intheclass. A.shouldhavefailed B.couldnothavefailed C.mighthavefailed D.mustfailWe____weightheprosandconsbeforedecidingwhethertoinvestourmoneyorletitstayinthebank. A.can B.would C.must D.darePeter____joinusinthepicnic,butitalldependsonhisweekendassignment. A.must B.shall C.may D.willTheteacher____havethoughtJohnwasworthitorshewouldn’thavewastedtimeonhim. A.should B.can C.would D.mustAftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:thedamageanddeathtoll(死亡人数)____muchworse. A.musthavebeen B.shouldhavebeen C.couldhavebeen D.needn’thavebeenItisunfairthatsuchanicepersonlikeJane____loseherjob.Sheworkssohard! A.can B.may C.should D.shallIraqPavilionwasopenedtothepubliconemonthlater,which____thelastonetobeshownintheWorldExpoinShanghai. A.maybe B.wouldbe C.musthavebeen D.shouldhavebeen“____thefriendshipbetweenourtwopeopleslastforever!”andwiththissincerehope,thepresidentconcludedhisspeech. A.Would B.Could C.May D.MustBadmanagementandineffectivegovernmentsafetysupervisionweretoblamefor11.15fire,forit____completelyavoided. A.couldbe B.shouldbe C.musthavebeen D.couldhavebeen10–That’sMr.Smith,thebankmanager,who’swearingapairofshorts.

–He____onholiday. 10 A.mustbe B.shouldhavebeen C.mighthavebeen D.can’tbe“You____forwhatyouhavedone!”thebossthreatenedoneoftheofficeworkers. A.couldbepunished B.shallbepunished

C.willhavebeenpunished D.shallhavebeenpunishedSchools____increaseinputinmoraleducationandtrytobuildtheatmosphereofbeinggrateful. A.must B.may C.need D.can–Look!Thegirlpassingbymustbeanewcomer!

–No,she____beanewcomer.I’msureitisatleastoneyearsinceshecametolivehere. A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.oughtn’tTheBritishpublic____worryaboutthefeesfortheweddingofPrinceWilliamformostoftheexpenseswillbepaidbytheroyalfamily. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.couldn’tAsyouworkedlateyesterday,you____havecomethismorning. A.wouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’tOh.Mygoodness!Youarestillworkingontheassignment.It____twodaysago. A.musthavebeenhandedin B.can’thavebeenhandedin

C.shouldhavebeenhandedin D.shouldn’tbehandedinSmithquittedhisjob,whichIsuppose____somethingtodowiththefallofthesalesinthepastfewmonths. A.mayhavehad B.couldn’thavehad C.needn’thavehad D.shouldhavehadEventhough“faraway”countriesnowseemcloser,thankstoairtravel,they____stillbedifferentfromyourhomecountry. A.must B.may C.should D.shallLisa____wellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling. A.will B.can C.must D.may–I’msorry.I____atyoutheotherday.

–Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself. A.shouldn’tshout B.shouldn’thaveshouted

C.mustn’tshout D.mustn’thaveshouted____ithavebeenwrongdirectionsfromthecontrolroomthatcausedtheaircrash? A.Must B.Could C.Would D.Should51. –Wedidnotseehimatthelectureyesterday. –You_____him,sinceIwenttoaninternationalconferencewithhim. A.mustn’thaveseen B.can’thaveseen C.couldn’tsee D.needn’thaveseen52. –How’syournewjob,Tom?I_____rememberwhenitwasthatyoustartedit.–Istartedithalfayearago. A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t53. I_____worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.daren’t D.needn’t 真题链接1. Justbepatient.You_____expecttheworldtochangesosoon. A.can’t B.needn’t C.maynot D.willnot2. I’mafraidMr.Harding_____seeyounow.He’sbusy. 11 A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t113. Jackdescribedhisfather,who_____abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.

A.wouldbe B.wouldhavebeen C.mustbe D.musthavebeen4. –Goodmorning,I’vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.

–Ah,goodmorning.You_____beMrs.Peters. A.might B.must C.would D.can5. You_____parkhere!It’sanemergencyexit. A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t6. Teachersrecommendparents_____theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.

A.notallow B.donotallow C.mustn’tallow D.couldn’tallow7. You_____buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto. A.must B.mustn’t C.haveto D.don’thaveto8. Ifhe_____myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob. A.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollow9. –Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.

–Don’tworry.You_____haveitbyFriday. A.could B.shall C.must D.may10. Ihavetoldyouthetruth._____Ikeeprepeatingit? A.Must B.Can C.May D.Will11. Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butit_____beregularexercise. A.can B.will C.must D.may12. I_____havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams. A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t13. –MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?

–No,you_____.Youreaditinhere. A.mightn’t B.won’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t14. –_____Itakethebookout?

–I’mafraidnot. A.Will B.May C.Must D.Need15. Mark_____havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly. A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t16. –Johnwenttothehospitalalone.

–Ifhe_____meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim. A.shouldtell B.tells C.told D.hadtold17. “You_____haveawrongnumber,”shesaid.“There’snooneofthatnamehere.” A.need B.can C.must D.would18. They_____havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed. A.will B.can C.must D.should19. Ifyou_____smoke,pleasegooutside. A.can B.should C.must D.may20. –Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?

–Don’tworry.He_____come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere. A.mustnot B.neednot C.wouldnot D.mightnot21. –Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.

–Iwishthey_____alwayslate. A.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen C.wouldn’tbe D.wouldn’thavebeen1222. –Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?

–Iwantedto,butmymomsimply_____notletmeoutsolateatnight. A.could B.might C.would D.should1223. –ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightno