Unit 1 Trees（单元测试·提升卷）-2023-2024学年八年级英语下册单元速记•巧练（牛津上海版）（解析版）

PAGE2原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第页Unit1Trees（单元测试·提升卷）（解析版）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．Themore________youare,theluckieryouwillbeinthefuture.A．hard B．hard-working C．hardly D．harder【答案】B【详解】句意：你越努力，你将来就会越幸运。考查形容词辨析。hard硬的；hard-working努力的；hardly副词，几乎不；harder形容词比较级，更难的。根据“Themore…youare,theluckieryouwillbeinthefuture.”可知，the+比较级……，the+比较级……。表示“越……就……”，因此此处表示你越努力，你将来就会越幸运。故选B。2．Listen!Who________?A．singssowell B．issingsowell C．issingingsowell D．singingsowell【答案】C【详解】句意：听！谁唱得如此好听？考查现在进行时。根据“Listen!”可知此处是现在进行时。现在进行时的谓语结构为“bedoing”。故选C。3．—Doyouknowthesekindsofanimalsareindanger?—Yes.Ourcountryistryingto______them.A．kill B．buy C．protect D．catch【答案】C【详解】句意：——你知道这些种类的动物处于危险之中吗?

——是的。我们的国家正在设法保护他们。考查动词辨析。kill杀死；buy买；protect保护；catch捕捉。根据句意可知，应是设法保护处于危险之中的动物。故选C。4．Elizalikestravelling.She________staysathomeduringholidays.A．hardly B．often C．usually D．always【答案】A【详解】句意：Eliza喜欢旅行。节假日她几乎不待在家里。考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；often经常；usually通常；always总是。根据“Elizalikestravelling.She...staysathomeduringholidays.”可知，Eliza喜欢旅行，由此推知她节假日都出去旅行了，几乎不待在家里。故选A。5．—Idon’tlikehavingthemathslessonbecauseit’ssoboring.—________.It’smoreinterestingthanpolitics.A．That’sallright B．IthinksoC．Youarewelcome D．Idon’tagreewithyou【答案】D【详解】句意：——我不喜欢上数学课，因为它太无聊了。——我不同意你的看法。它比政治更有趣。考查交际用语。That’sallright没关系；Ithinkso我想是的；Youarewelcome不客气；Idon’tagreewithyou我不同意你的看法。根据“It’smoreinterestingthanpolitics.”可知，是不同意对方的看法，故选D。6．—James,canyoutellme________?—Charles?Ihaven’tseenhimforyears.Hewasashyboybefore.A．howCharleslikes B．howdoesCharleslikeC．whatCharlesislike D．whatisCharleslike【答案】C【详解】句意：——杰姆斯，你能告诉我查尔斯是什么样的人吗？——查尔斯？我已经很多年没见过他了。他以前是一个很害羞的男孩。考查宾语从句。空处是宾语从句，要用陈述语序，排除B、D；根据答语“Hewasashyboybefore.”可知，空处在问查尔斯是什么样的人，A项语法错误。故选C。7．Shedidn’twalksofast________shewassurenobodywasfollowinghim.A．and B．since C．until D．so【答案】B【详解】句意：她没有走得那么快，因为她确信没有人跟着他。考查连词辨析。and和；since因为；until直到……为止；so因此。根据“Shedidn’twalksofast”可知，因为确信没有人跟着她，所以走得很慢，前果后因，用since引导原因状语从句。本题易错选为until，not...until意为“直到……才”，若其引导时间状语从句，fast应改为slowly。故选B。8．Nobodynoticedthebird_________theroom.A．entered B．toenter C．entering D．enteringinto【答案】C【详解】句意：没人注意到那只鸟进了房间。考查非谓语动词。根据“Nobodynoticedthebird”可知，此处应用固定短语noticesbdoingsth“注意到某人正在做某事”，侧重于正在进行。故选C。9．Thetemperature________tokeepthebabycormorantwarmeveryday.A．wascontrolled B．wascontroledC．iscontrolled D．iscontroled【答案】C【详解】句意：温度得到控制，以保持小鸬鹚每天温暖。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Thetemperature”及选项可知，主语与control是动宾关系，因此用被动语态，由“everyday”可知，时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，control的过去分词为controlled。故选C。10．Thelettershelookedforwardto______.A．comingatlast B．cameatlast C．cominglately D．comeatlast【答案】B【详解】句意：她盼望的信终于来了。考查句子结构以及动词时态。分析句子结构可知，“shelookedforwardto”作letter的定语，空处缺少的是谓语成分，应填动词作谓语，排除A和C选项。根据looked可知，是描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故选B。11．—________doyouhangoutwithfriends?—Hardlyever.Idon’thavemuchfreetimerightnow.A．Howlong B．Howoften C．Howfar D．Howsoon【答案】B【详解】句意：——你多久和朋友出去玩一次？——几乎不（出去）。我现在没有多少空闲时间。考查特殊疑问词辨析。Howlong多长，是对长度或一段时间的提问；Howoften多久一次，是对频率进行的提问；Howfar多远，是对距离进行提问；Howsoon多久以后，常对动作还有多久发生进行提问，一般用于将来时，回答用”in+时间段”。根据答语“Hardlyever.”（几乎不），可知上文是对频率进行的提问，故疑问词应用Howoften。故选B。12．Ibecameastudenttenyears________.Ihavebeenastudent________2004.Ihavestudiedhere________about10years.A．ago;since;for B．ago;for;sinceC．ago;before;for D．before;in;after【答案】A【详解】句意：我十年前成为一名学生。我从2004年开始就是一名学生。我在这里学习了大约10年。考查时间介词辨析。ago之前；since自从；for与一段时间连用；before在之前；after在之后。根据became可知，此空应填ago，一段时间+ago通常与一般过去时连用。since+过去的时间点通常与现在完成时连用，根据havebeen可知，第二空填since。“about10years”是一段时间，与介词for连用，故选A。13．Sincesomeanimalshibernate（冬眠）,they________anyfoodinwinter.A．don’tneedto B．need C．needn’t D．don’tneed【答案】D【详解】句意：由于一些动物冬眠，它们在冬天不需要任何食物。考查否定句。need可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词，作实义动词时否定是don’tneed；作情态动词时否定是needn’t。它们都表示不需要，从意义上讲，needn’t暗示已经做了，有“本不需要做的意思”，don’tneed暗示还没有做，就是纯粹的不需要。根据语境“someanimalshibernate”可知他们不需要食物，所以don’tneed符合题意。故选D。14．—Whereisyourfather,Helen?—Heistryingto________anewlightinthebathroom.A．putout B．putin C．puton D．putaway【答案】B【详解】句意：——海伦，你爸爸在哪里？——他正设法把一个新的灯安装在浴室里。考查动词短语词义辨析。putout熄灭；putin安装；puton增加（体重）；putaway收起。根据“anewlight”可知，是安装灯，故选B。15．—What______awfulweatheritis!—Yes,butIlove______airafteritrains.Itsmellssofresh.A．the;an B．an;the C．/;the D．an;/【答案】C【详解】句意：——多糟糕的天气啊！——是的，但我喜欢下雨后的空气。闻起来很新鲜。考查冠词。a/an一个，不定冠词，表泛指；the，定冠词，表特指；/，零冠词；根据句意理解可知，第一空是修饰后面的名词weather，是一个不可数名词，所以不需要用冠词，而第二空修饰的是air，而后面的afteritrains是用来修饰air，所以这里的air表示特指，所以要用定冠词the，故选C。【点睛】英语中不可数名词前一般不用冠词，而如果是被其他词或短语修饰的词表示特指时就要用定冠词the。二、选词填空将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词每词只能填一次A．hides

B．infact

C．true

D．or

E.recordNobodylikesacomputervirus,butatleastyoucangetridofit.Andthereisalotofanti-virus（病毒）softwarethesedays.Itcanfindavirus,fixitandyoucanforgetaboutit.Unluckilythesameisn’t16forspyware.Whatisspyware?Itissoftwarethat17somewhereonyourcomputer.ItcollectsinformationaboutwhatyoudoontheInternetandpassestheinformationoncompanieswithoutyourpermission（允许）.IfyoushopontheInternetanduseyourcreditcard,youshouldknowthatsomespywarewill18theinformation.Yourcomputercancatchspywarethroughlotsofways.Ifyouopenthewrongemail,19youvisitthewrongwebsite,spywarecandownloaditselfontoyourcomputer.Andspywareoftencomeswithfreesoftware.A．quietly

B．areconnectedto

C．allows

D．problems

E.slowerMostspywarejustcollectsinformationaboutyoursurfinghabitsforadvertisingreasons.Butsomespywarecanbemorepowerfulandwilloftenmakeyourcomputer20.“Adware”isatypeofspywarewhichisadvertisingsoftware.Itmakesadvertisementsappearnowandthenwhileyou21theInternet.Notdangerous,butveryannoying（令人心烦的）.Ifthisisthefirsttimeyou’veheardofspyware,you’veprobablygotsomeonyourPC．Surveys（调查）havefoundthat90%ofcomputershaveseveralpiecesofspywareonthem.Andspywarewillstayonyourcomputerforalongtime,22collectinginformationandsendingitbacktoitsowners.Thereissomeanti-spywaresoftwarethatwillremovemostofyour23.However,someanti-spywaresoftwareisspywareitself,sobecareful.【答案】16．C17．A18．E19．D20．E21．B22．A23．D【导语】本文介绍了电脑上的间谍软件是如何记录我们的信息，并给我们带来困扰的。16．句意：不幸的是，间谍软件却不是这样。根据句子中的“Unluckily”可知，对于间谍软件，上述的处理方法是“不正确的”。故选C。17．句意：它是藏在你电脑某处的软件。分析句子结构可知，这是定语从句，空格处是从句中的谓语动词，结合备选单词可知，hides“隐藏”符合题意。故选A。18．句意：如果你在网上购物并使用信用卡，你应该知道一些间谍软件会记录信息。分析句子结构，这是宾语从句，空格处是从句中的谓语动词，结合备选词汇可知，间谍软件会“记录”你的信用卡信息符合题意。故选E。19．句意：如果你打开了错误的电子邮件，或者你访问了错误的网站，间谍软件就会自动下载到你的电脑上。“youopenthewrongemail”和“youvisitthewrongwebsite”是表示并列的两个句子，所以用并列连词or表示“或者”。故选D。20．句意：但是一些间谍软件可能更强大，并且经常会使您的计算机变慢。makesth+形容词，“使……处于某种状态”，结合备选词汇，形容词slower，使你的电脑“更慢”符合题意。故选E。21．句意：当您连接到互联网时，它会不时地显示广告。分析句子结构，这里缺少谓语动词，结合备选词汇，areconnectedto“连接”网络符合题意。故选B。22．句意：而间谍软件会在你的电脑上停留很长一段时间，悄悄的收集信息并发还给它的主人。分析句子结构，用来修饰动词collecting，所以用副词，所以quietly“悄悄地”符合题意。故选A。23．句意：有一些反间谍软件可以解决你的大部分问题。根据句子中的“anti-spywaresoftware”可知，他们可以解决你大部分的病毒“问题”。故选D。三、单词拼写24．—WhereislittleTom?—Hewithhisfriends(cheer)forourschoolfootballteamontheplayground.【答案】ischeering【详解】句意：——小汤姆在哪里？——他和他的朋友正在操场上为我们校足球队欢呼。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“WhereislittleTom?”可知，他和他朋友正在欢呼，用现在进行时，结构为is/amdoing；句子主语为“He”，所以be动词用is。故填ischeering。【点睛】易错分析：考生易将hisfriends也看作主语，将答案错写成arecheering。此处withhisfriends是介词短语，不是主语，不影响谓语动词单复数。25．Ourcountryis(become)moreandmorebeautiful.【答案】becoming【详解】句意：我们的国家正在变得越来越漂亮。根据“Ourcountryis…”可判断出，此句应该用现在进行时，现在进行时的动词结构是am/is/are+动词的现在分词，become的现在分词形式是becoming。故填becoming。26．Theyaresingingand(dance)overthere.【答案】dancing【详解】句意：他们在那边唱歌跳舞。根据“aresinging”可知，此处是and连接的并列结构，动词也用现在分词形式，故填dancing。27．Lookout!Thecaris(come).【答案】coming【详解】句意：小心！车开过来了。根据“Thecaris...”可知，此处为现在进行时，其构成为be+动词e“来”，动词，其现在分词形式为coming。故填coming。28．Look!Somechildren(watch)cartoonsinthehall.【答案】arewatching【详解】句意：看！一些孩子正在大厅里看动画片。根据“Look!”可知，孩子们正在看卡通片，时态是现在进行时，且主语“children”为复数，be动词用are。故填arewatching。29．Theweatherreportsaysitwillrainsoon.Butthesun(shine)brightlyoutsidenow.【答案】isshining【详解】句意：天气预报说很快将下雨。但是现在外面太阳正明晃晃地照射着。根据“now”可知句子讲述现在正发生的动作，句子是现在进行时。主语“sun”是单数概念，be动词用is，shine变为现在分词shining。故填isshining。30．Thankyoufor(join)us.【答案】joining【详解】句意：谢谢你加入我们。介词for后接动名词joining作宾语。故填joining。31．Localpeoplearelearningtosharethe（nature）worldwithfishandbirds.【答案】natural【详解】句意：当地人正在学习与鱼类和鸟类分享自然世界。nature自然，名词。这里修饰名词world，用形容词natural“自然的”。故填natural。四、完成句子32．Bothofthewomenareinterestedinancientbuildings.(改为否定句)ofthewomeninterestedinancientbuildings.【答案】Neitheris【详解】句意：这两位女士都对古建筑感兴趣。考查否定句。这两位女士没有一位对古建筑感兴趣。肯定句中bothof变为否定句时要用neitherof；后面的谓语动词用单数形式is。位于句首的首字母要大写。故填Neither；is。33．anything,thebookshelf,thecupboard,there,between,was,and(?)(连词成句)?【答案】Wasthereanythingbetweenthebookshelfandthecupboard/Wasthereanythingbetweenthecupboardandthebookshelf【详解】根据所给标点及所给单词可知，此句是therebe句型的一般疑问句。此句的be动词为was，需放句首，且首字母需大写，there放其后，anything为不定代词，表示“一些东西”，between...and...为固定短语，表示“在两者之间”，betweenthebookshelfandthecupboard或betweenthecupboardandthebookshelf在句中构成介词短语，放在anything后面。故填Wasthereanythingbetweenthebookshelfandthecupboard/Wasthereanythingbetweenthecupboardandthebookshelf“在书架和橱柜之间有一些东西吗/在橱柜和书架之间有一些东西吗”。34．Thelittlegirlwasnottallenoughtoreachthebuttononthewall.(保持句意不变)Thelittlegirlwasshortreachthebuttononthewall.【答案】tooto【详解】句意：这个小女孩不够高，够不着墙上的按钮。too...to是固定句型，表示“太……而不能……”，too后可跟形容词或副词，to后跟动词原形。故填too；to。35．ItwilltakeMrsWangtenminutestocleanthedishes.(保持句意不变)MrsWangwilltenminutescleaningthedishes.【答案】spendin【详解】句意：王太太将花十分钟洗盘子。根据题干可知，“花时间做某事”还可以用“spend+时间+indoing”，助动词will后跟动词原形。故填spend；in。36．Thenewsciencemuseumwillopentothepublicintwomonths.(对划线部分提问)willthenewsciencemuseumopentothepublic?【答案】Howsoon【详解】句意：新的科学博物馆将在两个月后向公众开放。划线部分是两个月后，疑问词用howsoon“多久之后”。故填How；soon。37．Asamodelstudent,Peterseldomfailedintheexamslastyear.(改为反意疑问句)Asamodelstudent,Peterseldomfailedintheexamslastyear,?【答案】didhe【详解】句意：作为一个模范学生，去年Peter很少考试不及格。根据题干可知，此处是改为反意疑问句，由“陈述句+疑问尾句”两部分组成，遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则，结合“seldom”可知，陈述句为否定形式，因此疑问部分应用肯定形式，句中“failed”是实义动词fail的过去式，所以此处助动词应用did，主语使用he。故填did；he。38．Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.(改为反意疑问句)Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave,?【答案】willyou【详解】句意：当你离开时，不要忘记关灯。此句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句是否定的祈使句。改成反意疑问句时，若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用肯定式willyou。故填will；you。五、阅读理解Thirtyyearsago,LakePonkapoginHartwell,NewJersey,wasfulloflife.Manybirdsandanimalslivedbesidethewater,whichwasfulloffish.Nowtherearefewbirds,animals,andfish.Thelakewaterispolluted.Itisinacolorofdirtybrown,anditisfilledwithstrangeplants.Howdidthishappen?First,wemustthinkabouthowwatergetsintoLakePonkapog.Whenitrains,watercomesintothelakefromallaround.Inthepast,therewereforestsallroundLakePonkapog,sotherainwaterwasclean.Nowtherearemanyhomesaroundthelake.Peopleoftenusethechemicals（化学制品）intheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningandkillinginsects.Therearealsomanybusinesses.Businessesusechemicalsintheirmachinesofshops.Otherchemicalsfallontothegroundfromcarsortrucks.Whenitrains,therainwaterpicksupallthechemicalsfromhomeandbusinessesandthencarriesthemintothelake.Theypollutethewaterandkilltheanimals.Boatsonthelakearealsoaproblem.LakePonkapogisapopularplaceformotorboats（汽船）.Butoilandgas（汽油）fromboatsoftengetintothelake.Somorebadchemicalsgointothewaterthisway.PeopleinHartwellareworried.Theylovetheirlakeandwanttosaveit.Willitbepossible?Acleanlakemusthavecleanrainwatergoingintoit.Cleanrainwaterispossibleonlyifpeoplearemorecarefulaboutchemicalsathomeandatotherchemicalsontheground.Andtheymustn’tusemotorboatsanymoreonthelake.Allthesemaychangepeople’slives.OnlythencanLakePonkapogbeabeautiful,cleanlakeagain.39．Inthepast,thewaterinLakePonkapogwasmadecleanby________.A．forests B．rain C．birds D．fish40．Chemicalsfromhomesandbusinesses________.A．arealwaysclean B．canhelptheanimalsC．aregoodforthelake D．getintotherainwater41．Cleanerrainwaterwillmean________.A．moreboatsonthelake B．moredirtythingsinthelakeC．acleanerlake D．adirtylake42．TosaveLakePonkapog,peopleneedto________.A．bemorecarefulaboutchemicals B．usethewaterC．growfewerplantsinthegardens D．usemoremotorboatsonthelake43．Thepassageisabout________.A．boatsontheLakePankapog B．whythewaterisdirtyinLakePonkapogC．cleanrainwater D．dirtylakes【答案】39．A40．D41．C42．A43．B【导语】本文主要讲述了美国新泽西州本卡蓬湖的湖水变脏的原因，并提出了适当的建议。39．细节理解题。根据“Inthepast,therewereforestsallaroundLakePonkapog,sotherainwaterwasclean.”可知，过去是森林让本卡蓬湖的湖水很干净，故选A。40．细节理解题。根据“Whenitrains,therainwaterpicksupallthechemicalsfromhomeandbusinessesandthencarriesthemintothelake.”可知，来自家庭和企业的化学物质进入雨水中，故选D。41．细节理解题。根据“Acleanlakemusthavecleanrainwatergoingintoit.”可知，更干净的雨水意味着更干净的湖泊，故选C。42．细节理解题。根据“Cleanrainwaterispossibleonlyifpeoplearemorecarefulaboutchemicalsathomeandatotherchemicalsontheground.”可知，为了拯救本卡蓬湖，人们需要更加小心化学物质，故选A。43．主旨大意题。文章“Thirtyyearsago,LakePonkapoginHartwell,NewJersey,wasfulloflife.Manybirdsandanimalslivedbesidethewater,whichwasfulloffish.Nowtherearefewbirds,animals,andfish.Thelakewaterispolluted.Itisinacolorofdirtybrown,anditisfilledwithstrangeplants.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要介绍本卡蓬湖湖水被污染的原因并提出了适当的建议，因此D选项“为什么卡本蓬湖的湖水脏了”符合主题。故选B。六、完形填空ImagineamassoffloatingwasteistwotimesthesizeofthestateofTexas.Texashasalandareaofmorethan678,000squarekilometers.Soitmightbedifficulttoimagineanythingtwiceasbig.Alltogether,thismassofwasteflowingintheNorthPacificOceanisknownastheGreatPacificOceanGarbagePatch.It44about3,500,000tons.Thewasteincludesbags,bottlesandcontainers—plasticproductsofallkinds.TheeasternpartoftheGreatPacificOceanGarbagePatchisabout1,600kilometerswestofCalifornia.ThewesternpartiswestoftheHawaiianIslandsandeastofJapan.Theareahasbeen45akindofoceanicdesert,withlightwindsandslowmovingwatercurrents.Thewatermovessoslowthatgarbagefromallovertheworld46there.Inrecentyears,therehavebeengrowingconcerns(担心)aboutthefloatinggarbageanditseffectonseacreaturesandhumanhealth.Scientistssaythousandsofanimalsgettrappedinthefloatingwaste,resultingindeathor47.Evenmorediefromalackoffoodorwaterafterswallowingpiecesofplastic.Thetrashcanalsomakeanimalsfeelfull,lesseningtheirdesiretoeatordrink.Thefloatinggarbagealsocanhave48effectsonpeople.Thereisanincreasedthreatofinfection(感染)ofdiseasefrompollutedwaste,andfromeatingfishthatswallowedwaste.Diverscanalsogettrappedintheplastic.Itsexistencefirstgainedpublicattentionin1997.Thatwaswhenracingboatcaptainandoceanographer(海洋学家)CharlesMooreandhiscrewsailedintothegarbagewhilereturningfromaracingevent.Fiveyearsearlier,49oceanographerlearnedofthetrashafterashipmentofrubberduckiesgotlostatsea.ManyofthosetoysarenowpartoftheGreatPacificOceanGarbagePatch.InAugust,2009,ateamfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegobecamethelatestgrouptotraveltoit.Theywere50bytheamountofwastetheysaw.Theygatheredhundredsofseacreaturesandwatersamplestomeasurethegarbagepatch’seffectonoceanenvironment.44．A．works B．weighs C．contains D．consists45．A．thesameas B．knownas C．describedas D．namedas46．A．crosses B．collects C．begins D．brushes47．A．injury B．impression C．health D．hopes48．A．helpless B．helpful C．harmless D．harmful49．A．other B．another C．others D．that50．A．amazing B．amused C．shocked D．interested【答案】44．B45．C46．B47．A48．D49．B50．C【导语】本文叙述了得克萨斯州有大量的垃圾漂浮物，数量竟然是它的州面积的两倍。这些垃圾漂流物是塑料制品，这些受污染的塑料制品会通过食物链来影响人类，它们也会对海洋中的生物以及人类的健康有影响。44．句意：它重约350万吨。works工作；weighs重；contains包含；consists由……构成。根据“about3,500,000tons”可知，此处指重量，故选B。45．句意：该地区被描述成一种海洋沙漠，有微风和缓慢移动的水流。bethesameas与……一样；beknownas以……著称；bedescribedas被描述成……；benamedas被命名为。根据“akindofoceanicdesert,withlightwindsandslowmovingwatercurrents.”可知，后文是对该区域的描述，故选C。46．句意：水流非常缓慢，世界各地的垃圾都聚集在那里。crosses穿越；collects使聚集；begins开始；brushes刷。根据“Thewatermovessoslowthatgarbagefromallovertheworld...there.”可知，水流很慢，所以导致的结果是所有的垃圾会聚集在那里，故选B。47．句意：科学家表示，成千上万的动物被困在漂浮的废物中，导致死亡或受伤。injury伤害；impression印象；health健康；hopes希望。根据“thousandsofanimalsgettrappedinthefloatingwaste”可知，动物被困在漂浮的废物中，所以推断会导致动物受伤害，故选A。48．句意：漂浮的垃圾也会对人产生有害影响。helpless无助的；helpful有帮助的，有用的；harmless无害的；harmful有害的。根据下文“Thereisanincreasedthreatofinfection(感染)ofdiseasefrompollutedwaste,andfromeatingfishthatswallowedwaste.Diverscanalsogettrappedintheplastic.”可知，此处指垃圾造成的有害的影响，故选D。49．句意：五年前，另一个海洋学家在一批橡皮鸭在海上失踪后得知了这种垃圾。other其他的，后跟名词复数；another（三者或以上中的）另一个；others其他人，相当于other+名词复数；that那。根据“oceanographer”是单数名词可知，排除A、C；上文提到了1997年海洋学家harlesMoore和他的船员撞进了垃圾堆，结合“Fiveyearsearlier”和“learnedofthetrashafterashipmentofrubberduckiesgotlostatsea”可知，两者不是一个人，所以此处是指另外一个海洋学家，故选B。50．句意：他们对所看到的大量浪费感到震惊。amazing惊人的，了不起的；amused被逗乐的，觉得好笑的；shocked吃惊的，震惊的；interested感兴趣的。根据“theamountofwastetheysaw”及上文提到了垃圾数量之大可推测，是被震惊到了，故选C。七、短文填空Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空限填一词，首字母已给）IntheUnitedStates,sixteen,eighteen,andtwenty-oneareimportantagesinaperson’slife.Therearenospecialcelebrationsforthesebirthdays,buteachisatimewhenapersoncandonewthingstom51theirtransition(转变)intoadulthood(成人时期).Afterturningsixteenapersoncanwork,getadriver’slicenseandleavehome.Manyhighschoolstudentslearntodriveandgetpart-timejobssoona52celebratingtheirsixteenthbirthday.AttheageofeighteenapersonintheUnitedStatescanvoteandsmoke,buttheyareprohibitedfromgoingintomanynightclubs,buyingwineorgambling(赌博)u53theyaretwenty-one.InmanyLatincultures,ayoungwoman’sfifteenthbirthdayisimportant.Atthisage,sheisregardedasanadult.Tomarkthisspecialday,familieswithteenagedaughtershaveac54calledaQuinceanera.Thedaybeginswiththeyoungwomanandherfamilygoingtochurch.Later,thereisapartyandmanyguestsareinvited.InJapan,youngpeoplebecomeadultsattwenty.Atthisage,theycanlegally(合法的)vote,drinkwineandsmoke.ThesecondMondayinJanuaryisan55holidaycalled“ComingofAgeDay”.Onthisday,thetwenty-year-oldcelebrateb56firstgoingtoachurchtopraywiththeirfamilies.Later,theylistentospeechesgivenbycityandschoolleaders.Afterward,manycelebratewithfamilyorfriendslateintothenight.Insomecountries,birthdaycelebrationsc57throughadulthood.Somepeoplecelebratetheirfortiethandfiftiethbirthdays,ortheirretirement(退休)year,withahugeparty.【答案】51．(m)ark52．(a)fter53．(u)ntil54．(c)elebration55．(n)ational56．(b)y57．(c)ontinue【导语】本文主要介绍了在美国三个重要的人生年龄16、18和21岁，并讲述了其他国家庆祝生日的事情。51．句意：但每一次都是一个人可以做新事情来纪念他们步入成年的时刻。根据“theirtransition(转变)intoadulthood”可知是做一些事情来标志他们步入成年，mark“标记”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(m)ark。52．句意：许多高中生在庆祝16岁生日后不久就学会了开车并找到了兼职工作。根据“celebratingtheirsixteenthbirthday.”可知他们庆祝16岁生日之后才可以学开车，after“在……之后”。故填(a)fter。53．句意：但在21岁之前，他们被禁止进入许多夜总会、购买葡萄酒或赌博。根据“buyingwineorgambling...theyaretwenty-one.”可知直到21岁，他们才能做这些事情，until“直到”。故填(u)ntil。54．句意：为了纪念这一特殊的日子，有十几岁女儿的家庭举行了一场名为昆斯时代的庆祝活动。根据“calledaQuinceanera”可知这是一个庆祝活动，a后加可数名词单数celebration“庆祝”。故填(c)elebration。55．句意：1月的第二个星期一是一个名为“成人日”的全国性节日。根据“a...holidaycalled‘ComingofAgeDay’”可知这是一个全国性的节日，national“国家的”。故填(n)ational。56．句意：在这一天，二十岁的孩子首先要和家人一起去教堂祈祷，以此来庆祝。根据“firstgoingtoachurchtopraywiththeirfamilies”可知是通过和去教堂祈祷来庆祝，by“通过”。故填(b)y。57．句意：在一些国家，生日庆祝活动一直持续到成年。根据“throughadulthood.Somepeoplecelebratetheirfortiethandfiftiethbirthdays,ortheirretirement(退休)year,”可知是生日庆祝在成年之后还在继续，continue“继续”，句子用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(c)ontinue。八、任务型阅读请阅读下面的非连续性文本。ChartITHEWAYSOFDEALINGWITHHAVINGACOLDChartⅡLiMingisamiddleschoolstudent.Heoftencatchesacoldwhenhestaysuplatetodohishomework.Butnow,hehardlyeverhasacoldbecausehealwaysplaysbasketballwithhisfriendsontheweekend.Doyouoftenhaveacold?Acoldisacommonillness(疾病)thatstartswithasorethroatandaheadache.Itisn’tserious,butyoucanfeelverybad.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouhaveacold?Youshouldhaveagoodrestfirst.It’sgoodtodrinkalotofwater,too.Besides,youcanseeadoctorandtakesomemedicine.MaybeyoucanalsotrysomeChinesemedicinethatisnowverypopulararoundtheworld.Thereisasurveyamong1,500studentsabouttheirwaystodealwiththeillness.Whatshouldyoudotostopacold?Oneimportantwayistoexercisemoreoften.Running,swimmingorevenwalkingcanhelpalot.Trytoexerciseforatleast30minutesaday.It’salsoimportanttogotobedearly.Studiesshowthatthecoldorthefluvirus(流感病毒)canliveonyourhandsforalongtime.Soyoushouldwashyourhandswithsoap.Finally,it’simportanttohaveabalanceddiet(均衡饮食).Ifyoucandothese,youwillhardlyevercatchacoldagain.58．Whatisacold?59．AccordingtoChartⅠ,howmanystudentschoosetoseeadoctorwhentheyhaveacold?60．AccordingtoChartI,whatisthemostpopularwaytodealwithacold?61．Ifyouwanttostopacold,whatshouldyoudo?(JustoneexampleisOK.)62．HowdoesLiMingstophimselffromcatchingacold?63．Doyouoftenhaveacold?Whatdoyouusuallydowhenyouhaveacold?【答案】58．Itisacommonillnessthatstartswithasorethroatandaheadache.59．240students.60．TryingsomeChinesemedicine.61．I/Weshouldexercisemoreoften.62．Heplaysbasketballwithhisfriendsontheweekend./Byplayingbasketballwithhisfriendsontheweekend.63．No,Idon’t.IusuallydrinkalotofwaterandtakesomemedicinewhenIhaveacold.(开放性试题，言之有理即可)【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了感冒是什么，感冒时应该怎么做以及怎么做才能不感冒。58．根据“Acoldisacommonillness(疾病)thatstartswithasorethroatandaheadache.”可知，感冒是一种常见的疾病，从喉咙痛和头痛开始。故填Itisacommonillnessthatstartswithasorethroatandaheadache.59．根据“Thereisasurveyamong1,500studentsabouttheirwaystodealwiththeillness.”可知，调查的学生人数为1500；根据图表Ⅰ可知，感冒后选择去看医生的占16%，即240名。故填240students.60．图表Ⅰ中所占比例最大的方式为“TrysomeChinesemedicine”