2024-2025学年高一英语必修第一册（译林版）UNIT 3 Grammar and usage教学课件

UNIT3

GettingalongwithothersGrammarandusageGrammarandusageRestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronounsLead-inComparethefollowingsentencesandreadthemaloud.(1)Peoplehaveclosefriends.Peoplenaturallyenjoytheircompany.

Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsnaturallyenjoytheircompany.(2)Heisrichenough.Hehastruefriends.Heisrichenoughwhohastruefriends.(3)Friendshipisapreciouswealth.Onesearchesforitallhislife.Friendshipisapreciouswealth(that)onesearchesforallhislife.ExploringtherulesReadamagazinearticleinPartAonPage34andfindouttherestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns.1.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksinwhentherestoftheworldwalksout.2.Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.3.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself,notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.4.…themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship.5.Socialmedialikeblogshascomebetweenusandthefriendswhomwelove.6.“Sharing”ourexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressthevalueswhichmattermosttous.7.“Linking”ourfriends’photosonlinedoesnotdeveloptheconnectionwhichweshare.Thegirlwhoisinredismysister.theantecedent()therestrictiverelativeclausestherelativepronounthemainclauseCombinethefollowingsentencesusingrelativeclauses.(1)Thetreesareinfrontofthelibrary.Theyhavelosttheirleaves.Thetreeswhichareinfrontofthelibraryhavelosttheirleaves.“Which”functionsasthesubjectinthe

relativeclause.(2)Wesawtheworkerjustnow.Heisthebestengineerinourfactory.Theworker(whom)wesawjustnowisthebestengineerinourfactory.“Whom”functionsastheobjectinthe

relativeclause.Wecanleaveout“who”“whom”“which”and“that”whentheyaretheobjectsinthe

relativeclause.(3)Itusedtobeafarm.Itisnolongerafarm.Itisnolongerthefarmthatitusedtobe.“That”functionsasthepredicativeinthe

relativeclause.(4)Hehasasister.Ican’trememberhername.HehasasisterwhosenameIcan’tremember.“Whose”functionsastheattributiveinthe

relativeclause.Applyingtherules

Finishthetablebelow.人物主语宾语定语thatwhothatwhichthatwhowhomthatwhichwhosewhoseFinish“Workingouttherules”onPage34.which•Arestrictiverelativeclausemodifiesanoun，pronounornounphrasebeforeit.Weuserelativepronounsorrelativeadverbstointroducerestrictiverelativeclauses.•Weuse（1）

forthings，and（2）

andwhomforpeople.Wecanuse（3）

forboththingsandpeople.Weuse（4）

toshowpossession.whothatwhose1.Insomecases,only“that”canbeusedastherelativepronounswhile“which”or“who”can’t.Theyare:(1)Whentheantecedentisanindefinitepronounsuchas“all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much”.e.g.I’msureshehassomething

(that)youwant.(2)Whentheantecedentisanounornounphrasewithsuchdeterminersas“all,every,no,some,any,little,much”.e.g.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)youwrote.(3)Whentheantecedenttakesapremodifierinthesuperlativedegreeoranordinalnumeral.e.g.Thisisthebestmovie(that)Ihaveeverseen.(4)Whentheantecedentisanounornounphrasemodifiedby“theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,theright”.e.g.Thisistheverybook(that)I’mlookingfor.(5)Whentheantecedentincludesbothpersonsandthings.e.g.Doyouknowthepersonsandthings(that)theyaretalkingabout?(6)Whenthemainclausebeginswith“which”or“who”.Whichisthedress(that)youlikebest?Whoisthegirlthatwonthegoldmedal?(7)Whentheantecedentfunctionsasthepredicativeintherelativeclause.e.g.Myhometownisnolongerthevillagethatitusedtobe.2.Afterapreposition,therelativepronouncanonlybe“which”or“whom”.Theparkisaplacewhich/thatIoftengoto.=TheparkisaplacetowhichIoftengo.Thisisthewomanthedaughterofwhomisafamousteacher.=Thisisthewomanwhosedaughterisafamousteacher.Wehavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehestudiedcomputerscience.3.Therelativepronounafter“theway”canbe“that”“inwhich”ornorelativepronoun.e.g.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youtalktome.1.RewritethesentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclausesinPartB1onPage35.1

Commoninterestsproviderichground.Manyfriendshipsgrowfromrichground.Commoninterestsproviderichground

.2

Whenfriends’communicationiswarmandopen，friendshipsgrowbest.Friendshipsgrowbestbetweenfriends

.3

Friendshipsarelikeflowers.Theseflowersneedtobetakengoodcareof.

Friendshipsarelikeflowers

.4

Arelationshipwithatruefriendwillsurelyproducefruit.Youcancountonatruefriend.Arelationshipwithatruefriend

willsurelyproducefruit.5

Youhavebeenhelpedbyothers.Tomakefriends，youshouldhelpothersinthesameway.Tomakefriends，youshouldhelpotherstheway

.fromwhichmanyfriendshipsgrowwhosecommunicationiswarmandopen

which/thatneedtobetakengoodcareof

（whom/that/who）youcancounton

（inwhich/that）youhavebeenhelped2.CompletethepassageinB2withcorrectrelativepronounswherenecessary.InMarkTwain’sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn，thefriendship（1）

formsbetweenHuckFinnandJimisanimportantthemeofthebook，thoughtheyappeartobeanunlikelypair.Huckisapoorwhiteboy（2）

fatheroftenbeatshim，whileJimisablack（3）

longstobefree.Oneday，Huckrunsawayfromhometoanisland.TherehemeetsJimandmakesfriendswithhim.Thentheyleavetheislandtogetheronaraft（4）

theyfindontheMississippiRiver.TheyheadnorthtoIllinois，astatein（5）

Jimcanbecomefree.ThehighpointofthestorycomeswhenHuckisfacedwiththedecisionofwhethertohandJimovertosomeslavecatchers.Intheend，HuckdecidesthatJimisafriend（6）

heneedsandvalues，andrefusestogivehimup.Fromthisstorywecanseethatfriendsarepeople（7）_________

supportyouthroughthickandthin.that/which

whose

who/that

which/that/不填whichwhom/that/who/不填who/that

3.Workinpairstodescribeaclassmateofyours,usingrelativeclauseswherenecessary.Thenshareyourdescriptionsinclasswithouttellingthenameofthepersonwhoisdescribedandlettheotherstudentsguesswhoyouaretalkingabout.单元语法关系代词引导的限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句概述：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。限制性定语从句是定语从句的分支。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义，和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系词是引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中作一定的句子成分。构成：附：单元语法精讲精练观察定语从句体会其作用1.Doyouknowthemanthat/whoiswaitingoutside?2.Heshowedmethephotos（that/which）hetookonhistriptoXi’an.3.Simonisthepoormanwhosecarhasbeenstolen.(1)例句1中的黑体词在定语从句中作

，不可省略。(2)例句2中的黑体词在定语从句中作

，可以省略。(3)例句3中的黑体词在定语从句中作

。主语宾语定语2定语从句的先行词及关系代词Godhelpsthose

who/thathelpthemselves.上帝帮助自强的人。Thisisthe

factory

which/thatweoncevisited.这是我们曾经参观过的工厂。Therecamealotofchildren，mostofwhomIdidn’tknow.来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。That’sthe

man

whosehousehasburneddown.那就是那个房屋烧毁的人。

【误区警示】（1）在定语从句中作动词宾语时或介词后用whom，不用who，口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。（2）关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。Theman（whom/who/that）yousawjustnowisourmanager.你刚才看见的男子是我们的经理。（3）whose既可以指人也可以指物，既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。Idon’twanttopayforthebookwhosecoverislost.我不想为这本没有封面的书付款。单句语法填空(1)Isthisthebookwhichyourfatherboughtforyou?___________

(2)Whoisthemanthatisspeakingtoyourmother?___________(3)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.__________

用定语从句合并句子(4)Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.→Thisisthehouse____________________________________________.(5)TheboyisTom.Theboyisstudyingintheclassroom.→Theboy_______________________________________isTom.单句语法填空(6)—Doyouknoweveryone____________cametotheparty?—No，Idon’tknowtheone________________youhadalongtalkwith.(7)［词汇复现］Iadmiremyclassmates__________Englishisgood.(8)Thereport______________willbegiventomorrowisimportanttous.thebookthemanthat/whichLuXunoncelivedinthat/whoisstudyingintheclassroomwho/thatwhosethemanwhom/who/thatwhich/that3关系代词that与which的区别用that而不用which的情况（1）先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰。（2）先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰。（3）先行词前有thevery，theonly等修饰。（4）先行词既有人也有物。（5）先行词前有疑问代词which时。（6）therebe句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词。（7）先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语。用which的情况（1）引导非限制性定语从句。（先行词和后面的定语从句被逗号隔开）Paper-cutting，whichisatraditionalartforminourcountry，datesfromtheHanDynasty.剪纸可追溯到汉朝，它是我们国家的传统艺术形式。（2）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。Thisisthebookfor

whichIpaidfivedollars.这就是我花5美元买的那本书。【学法点拨】学习语法（定语从句）时，我们不要为太多的规则所累，要学会抓住其核心知识，如关系代词that和which的区别，我们不难发现，that的用法多于which，因此我们只要谨记which的特殊用法，自然就不会用错。单句语法填空(1)Isthereanything

Icandoforyou?(2)Iliketheverymethod

sheusestolearnEnglish.(3)Whowasthewoman

youweretalkingwith?(4)Maybeyouhaveahabit

isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.(5)Intheend，shedecidedtosellthehouse

windowswerealmostallbroken.(6)Thisisthemostinterestingstory

Ihaveeverread.(7)I’mreallyinterestedinall

youhavesaid.(8)Hereisthebookabout

Itoldyouyesterday.(9)WhenpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofChina，thefirst

comesintotheirmindisBeijing.(10)［词汇复现］Tomhasthegoodqualities

ofkindnessandhonesty，

iswhathisparentsexpect.thatthat/whichwhosewhichthatthatthatthatthatwhichLanguagepoints核心词汇教材原句p.34Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。1counton

依赖，依靠，指望（=depend/relyon)Youcancountonme.你可以指望我。

Icancount

on

mybestfriendtohelpme.我可以指望我最好的朋友来帮我。【归纳拓展】countup计算，算出总数 countin把……计算在内，把……作为参加者算进去countout不把……考虑或计算在内Willyoupleasecount

upthesefiguresforme?请你替我把这些数字加起来好吗？Therewerefifty-twopersonspresent，counting

inthebabies.在场的共有五十二个人，包括婴儿在内。题组练·领悟方法单句语法填空(1)Thewholeteamcount

CristianoRonaldo，andheseldomletsthemdown.(2)I’mcountingonyou

（be）onmyside!(3)Goandseehowmanydeskswehave，butdon’tcount

thesebrokenones.(4)Count

allourmoneyandseeifwehaveenoughfortheadventure.完成句子(5)Thatwastheonlything

（他们可以指望的）.(6)Don’t

（把他算在内）.ontobeinup

（that）theycouldcountoncounthimin教材原句p.34Yetthesedays,themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship.然而如今，让我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊的意义。eatawayat腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏eataway连续不断地吃eatin在家吃饭；在学校就餐eatout在外吃饭，下馆子eatup吃光；耗费；吞没；使苦恼Ifabadmemoryorfeelingeatsawayatsomeone，itmakesthemfeelmoreandmoreunhappy.如果糟糕的记忆或感觉侵蚀了一个人，它使他们感到越来越不快乐。Eat

away，children；youarewelcometoallyouwant.吃吧，孩子们；尽情地吃吧。Tomwasreallyhungryandate

upeverythingserved.汤姆确实饿坏了，把端到桌上的东西吃得精光。单句语法填空(1)Theseahasbeeneatingaway

thiscliff（悬崖）forcenturies.(2)Beagoodboyandeat

yourvegetables.(3)Don’teat

theclassroom.(4)Theyhavebeeneating

formorethanthreehours.(5)［词汇复现］Ifeellikeeating

today.Whataboutyou?atupinawayout教材原句p.34Tomakefriendsarealpartofourlives，weshouldputdownoursmartphonesandmeettheminperson.为了让朋友成为我们生活中真实的一部分，我们应该放下智能手机和他们亲自见面。inperson亲自，亲身（=personally）Hewillattendthemeetinginperson.他将亲自参加会议。【归纳拓展】inthepersonof以……的身份；代表……beone’sownperson做自己喜欢的事；保持自己的喜好Heisinthepersonofhisfatherforthebanquet.他以他父亲的名义赴宴。Beingyourownpersonreleasesyourcreativity.保持自己的本色才有助于发挥自身创造力。单句语法填空(1)Ifyoucan’tbethere

person，thenextbestthingiswatchingitonTV.(2)Themanagersolvedthedifficultproblem

（personal）.(3)Hespokeintheperson

XinhuaNewsAgency（新华社）.完成句子(4)Youhadbetter

（亲自向他求助）.inpersonallyofturntohimforhelpinperson重点句式教材原句p.34Tomakefriendsarealpartofourlives，weshouldputdownoursmartphonesandmeettheminperson.为了让朋友成为我们生活中真实的一部分，我们应该放下智能手机和他们亲自见面。【句式分析】本句使用了Tomakefriendsarealpartofourlives不定式短语作目的状语。动词不定式不定式作为非谓语动词，在句子中除了不能作谓语外，其