2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）UNIT 1 Grammar and usage教学课件

UNIT1HonestyandresponsibilityGrammarandusageGrammarandusageOverviewofadverbialclausesReadthearticleonPage6andanswerthefollowingquestions.Lead-inWhowasHuangDanian?

HewasageophysicistwhomadegreatcontributionstoChina.(2)Howdoyoudescribehim?Why?Hewasresponsibleanddedicatedbecausehewaswillingtobeartheheavyburdenofresponsibilityanddevotedtoworkingforthegoodofhiscountryandpeople.(3)Whatcontributionsdidhemake?

HemappedtheworldundertheEarth’ssurface,whichhelpeddiscovervaluablemineralresourcesandbroughtChina’sknowledgeandtechnologyinthisareaalongsidetheworld’sfinest.Findthesentenceswithadverbialclausesfromthenewsstoryandfillinthetable.AdverbialclauseofconditionHeknewthatifhecameback,…AdverbialclauseoftimeWhenhehadtogoawayonbusiness,……untilhediedin2017attheageofjust58.AdverbialclauseofplaceHuangexcelledwherehewasworking…AdverbialclauseofreasonSincehespentsomuchtimeonwork…Adverbialclauseofpurpose…sothathedidnotmissanyworkinthedaytime.AdverbialclauseofresultInfact,heworkedsohardthathedidnotpayenoughattentiontohisownhealth.AdverbialclauseofconcessionAlthoughhespentmanyyearsintheUK,…ExploringtherulesChoosetheproperlinkingwordstofillintheblanks.

inthataslongaswhileonceas(1)______advertisingisofgreathelp,Idon’tthinkweshouldentirelyrelyonit.(2)Heisreliable.______hemakesapromise,hewillkeepit.(3)__________wenevergetentirelyknockedoutofthegame,hopealwaysremains.(4)—Poorandbackwardarea___WesternChinais,manycollegestudentsarewillingtoworkthereaftergraduation.—Ican’tagreemore.Morechancesofemploymentareavailable.(5)TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguages_______itusescharacterswhichstandforideas,objectsordeeds.WhileOnceAslongasasinthatExploringtherulesFinish“Workingouttherules”onPage

6.Adverbialclausescanbeintroducedby:if,unless,aslongas,etc.toexpress(1)________;until,when,while,etc.toexpresstime;wheretoexpressplace;because,as,since,inthat,etc.toexpress(2)______;sothat,inorderthat,etc.toexpress(3)_______;thatwithsoorsuchinthemainclausetoexpressresult;andalthough,though,evenif,etc.toexpressconcession.ExploringtherulesconditionreasonpurposeGothrough“Grammarnotes”onPages97–98.ExploringtherulesAnswer1.Jakegotupearlysothathewouldhavetimetoexercisebeforeclass.2.Althoughshehadnoteditedthephotos,theystilllookedverygood.3.Hewenttoworkasifnothinghadhappened.4.Herteacherlikedherbecauseshewassohard-working.5.Igetveryupsetwhenpeopledonottellmethetruth.6.Ifyouarenicetootherpeople,theywillbenicetoyou.Putthewordsinthecorrectordertomakesentenceswithadverbialclauses.ApplyingtherulesFinishB2onPage7,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Answer1c2e3b4f5aApplyingtherules(1)WhyshouldwechooseOptioncinsteadofOptionaorOptiongastheanswertothefirstblank?

ApplyingtherulesIfwechooseOptiona,thesentencewouldbe“Aftershehaddeletedover2,000photos,theywerenot100%real.”Themeaningofthewholesentenceisillogical.IfwechooseOptiong,thesentencewouldbe“Althoughshestillpostsherphotosonline,theywerenot100%real.”Thetensesusedareincorrectandthemeaningofthewholesentenceisillogical.(2)WhydidLilydeleteover2,000photosandcloseheronlineaccount?BecauseLilyfeltguiltyaboutherdishonestbehaviouranddecidedtobearesponsibleperson.ApplyingtherulesDiscusswithyourclassmatesaboutotherpeoplewhopractisehonestyandresponsibilityusingadverbialclauses.ApplyingtherulesMyfriendPeterisagoodexampleofsomeonewhopractiseshonestyandresponsibility.Sincehewasquiteyoung,Peterhasbeenregardedasa“good”boy.HisclassmateshaveelectedhimasclassmonitorbecausetheyknowPeterisreliable.Hehasdevotedalotoftimetohelpinghisclassmatesandtheclassteacher,earninghimhighpraise.Althoughheisverybusy,hemanagestodootheractivitiessuchasguitarlessons.Hisparentswereconcernedthatguitarlessonswouldtakeuptoomuchofhistime,butPeterassuredthemhemadesuchastrictschedulethathecouldhandleit.ApplyingtherulesItturnsoutthatPeterhaskeptagoodbalancebetweenhisstudyandhishobby.Peterhasmanyfriends,wholikehimandtrusthimmorethanothers.Ifhisfriendshaveadisagreement,theyoftenapproachhimbecausetheyknowhewillspeakthetruthandgivehishonestopinion.Heoncesaid,“I’mjustdoingwhatIcanandtrytomakesmartchoicesinorderthatIcanhelpmyfriends,teachersandfamily.WhereIamneeded,Iwillbethere.”ApplyingtherulesHomework1.FinishPartConPage58.2.Describeapersonpractisinghonestyandresponsibilitywithadverbialclauses.Grammar●复习状语从句●

功能：状语从句起副词作用，用来修饰句中谓语动词、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

引导词：一般由从属连词引导，也可由连词词组引导。位于句首或句中时常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号。

类别：根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式、目的和比较等从句。附：单元语法全解一、时间状语从句（1）when，while和

asItwasrainingwhenwearrived.我们到达时，天正在下雨。WhileIwaswatchingTV，thebellrang.我在看电视时，铃响了。Asshegrewolder，shegainedinconfidence.随着年龄的增长，她的自信心增强了。【误区警示】when作并列连词，意为“这时”，相当于andatthis/thattime，用于以下句式：Iwasgoingupstairstotakemyumbrellawhensuddenlythehouseoppositetomyhousecollapsed.我正要上楼拿伞，这时我家对面的那所房子突然倒塌了。（2）表示“一……就……”的连词a.assoonas，themoment，theminute，theinstant，immediately，directlyThemomentshesawhim，sheblushedandhurriedlylefttheroom.她一看见他，脸就红了，并慌忙地离开了房间。b.hardly/barely/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在从句用一般过去时。Thevoteshadscarcelybeencounted，whenthetelephonerang.选票一统计好，电话就响了。（3）before和sinceItmaybemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.这种状况或许要过很多年才能得到改善。Howlongisitsincewelastwenttothetheatre?我们多久没去看戏了？（4）until/tillShedidn’tstartthelessonuntil/tillthestudentssettleddown.直到学生们安静下来，她才开始上课。【误区警示】until/till用于肯定句，表示“直到……为止”，主句谓语动词应用延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在主句谓语动词为非延续性动词，until可置于句首。（5）everytime，eachtime，nexttime，thefirsttime，bythetime引导时间状语从句Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthetask，theguestswillgetback.当你完成任务时，客人就回来了。二、地点状语从句where和whereverThiskindofmedicineshouldnotbeplacedwhereitisaccessibletochildren.这种药品不应该放在儿童拿得到的地方。Wherevershegoes，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.无论她去哪里，都有成群的人等着见她。三、原因状语从句because，since，as，seeingthat（鉴于，由于），nowthat，inthat（由于），consideringthat（考虑到，就……而论），inasmuchas（既然，由于），giventhat（鉴于，考虑到）Nowthatbothofmygrandparentshaveretiredfromtheirjobsinthecity，howtheyaregoingtospendtheirretirementisanimportantdecisionforthem.既然我的祖父母都已经从城市的岗位退休了，如何度过他们的退休生活对他们来说是一个重要的决定。Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedaboutbadtables”giventhatthey’reprofitable.结论是餐厅老板不需要“过分担心差的餐位”，因为它们是可获利的。四、条件状语从句if，unless，as/solongas（只要），providing/providedthat（如果），supposethat（假如），incasethat（万一），onconditionthat（如果）Nothingwillchangeaslongastheworkerscontinuetoaccepttheseappallingconditions.只要工人们继续接受这些极为恶劣的条件，情况将不会有任何改变。Youcangooutprovidingthatyouhavetofinishyourhomework.你可以出去，条件是你得完成家庭作业。五、让步状语从句though，although，evenif/though，as，while，nomatter+疑问词，疑问词+ever，whether...or...（无论……还是……）Evenif/thoughmuseumshavebeggedtoborrowhercollection，shecouldneversplititup.尽管博物馆已恳求过借用她的收藏品，但她永远都不会把收藏品分开。Twopeopleinloveareathomewherevertheyare，nomatterhowoftentheymove.无论在哪里，不管多么经常搬家，两个相爱的人都会过得舒舒服服。【误区警示】as，though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊情况①若是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，省略冠词。Youngestas/thoughheisinourclass，hespeaksEnglishbest.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。②行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用may，might，can，could，will，would；若没有，需加上do（does或did）。Searchastheywouldhereandthere，theycouldfindnothingintheroom.他们尽管到处寻找，但在房间里找不到任何东西。Changeyourmindas/thoughyoudo，youwillgetnohelpfromus.你即使改变主意，也得不到我们的帮助。六、结果状语从句sothat，so/such...that...（如此……以至于），totheextentthat（达到某种程度以至于），tosuchadegreethat（到如此程度以至于）Itwassuchagoodfilmthatweallwenttoseeit.电影如此好以至于我们都去看了。Westartedforthepeakearly，sothatwesawthesunrise.我们很早就动身去山顶，结果我们看到了日出。七、方式状语从句as，asif/thoughHehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair，whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.他留着浓密的胡子和长长的白发，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。【误区警示】asif/though引导方式状语从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用一般过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用“would/could/should/might+动词原形”。八、目的状语从句sothat，inorderthat，lest（唯恐；以免），incase，forfearthat（唯恐），totheendthat（为……起见）Ihadmycameraready，incaseIsawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.我把照相机准备好，万一看到什么值得拍的就可以拍下来。Sometimeswearenotsatisfiedwithwhatourfrienddoes，butwewillnotpointitoutforfearthatwemightlosethatfriend.有时我们对朋友的所作所为并不满意，但我们不会指出来，唯恐可能失去那个朋友。【对比】目的状语从句中常有can，could，may，might，will，would，should等情态动词。而结果状语从句表示客观事实，谓语动词用陈述语气，从句中常无情态动词。九、比较状语从句as...as...，than，the+比较级...，the+比较级...，notas/so...as...Apparently，manypeoplebelievethatthelongertimeapersonspendsatwork，themoreheaccomplishes.很明显，许多人相信一个人工作的时间越长，他（取得）的成就越多。十、状语从句的省略为了简洁起见，有的状语从句（如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等）有时可省略从句的主语和部分谓语（尤其是当从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语包括动词be时）：Hefellasleepwhile（hewas）doinghishomework.他在做家庭作业时睡着了。While（hewas）doingso，hetrembledalittle.他这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。Heopenedhismouthasif（hewas）tospeak.他张开嘴，似乎要说点儿什么。Oftenshewouldweepwhen（shewas）alone.她一个人时，常常哭泣。I’dliketoseeyouwhenever（it’s）convenient.在你方便的时候我想来看看你。If（youare）travellingnorth，youmustchangeatLeeds.如果你是向北行，你必须在利兹换车。【误区警示】有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如ifany，ifnecessary，ifpossible，ifnot，ifso：Therearefew，ifany，mistakesinthatbook.那本书就是有错误也不多。Ifnecessary，ringmeathome.如果必要，可以打电话到我家找我。Ifpossible，Iwishtogotherenextsummer.如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。Hemaybebusy.Ifso，I’llcalllater.Ifnot，canIseehimnow?他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗？单句语法填空1.

youwanttoworkasatranslator，youneedfluencyinatleastoneforeignlanguage.2.

aproblemarose，sherespondedwithhercharacteristic.“Noproblem，Icanhandleit.”3.Hewassoabsurd

hepredictedthatthesunwillnotrisetomorrow.4.Feelingsofpowerlessnessanddespairoftenmakeusoverwhelmed

webringourproblemsundercontrol.If

Whenthatunless5.Irefusedhisinvitationtohisflatforcoffee

Ididn’tthinkthathismotiveswereentirelypure.6.Putthebulbsinatransparentplasticbox，inorder

thechildrencanseetherootsgrowing.7.

sheworkedhard，thecompanynevergaveheranyrecognitionforherwork.8.CarlandMartinmayinherittheirgrandmother’spossessions_______

shedies.

becausethatAlthough/Though

after9.Nomatter

happens，don’tbepessimisticaboutyourlife.10.Wecan’tprotecttheenvironment

largecorporationssensetheirdutytocooperate.what

untilⅡ单句写作随着疾病在它身上蔓延，你可以看到这条可怜的狗一天天衰弱下去。（as）2.我想彻底确定这是什么意思，因为这可能是一个模棱两可的短语。（because）3.度假的花费比我们预料的要多得多。（than）Youcouldseethepoordogweakeningdailyasthediseasespreadthroughitsbody.

Iwanttobequitecertainwhatismeant，becausethatcanbeanambiguousphrase.Theholidaycostalotmorethanwehadanticipated.4.一旦你体验过奢侈品，你就很难再满足于其他任何东西了。（once）5.雕像伸出的手看起来像是要抚摸一个孩子。（asif）6.格林夫人把她的理论解释得很清楚，我们都能理解。（so...that）

7.这座桥需要加固，以确保通往城市的门户的安全。（inorderthat）Onceyou’vetastedluxuriesit’sveryhardtosettleforanythingelse.Thestatue’soutstretchedhandlooksasifitwantstostrokeachild.MadameGreenexplainedhertheorysoclearlythatweallcouldunderstandit.Thebridgeneedsstrengtheninginorderthatthegatewaytothecitycanbesecured.8.你必须按照你的英语老师告诉你的那样练习，以提高你的口语流利度。（as）9.无论你多么深思熟虑，都有遗漏的地方。（nomatterhow）10.在权衡利弊时，你可以考虑这一点。（whiledoing）YoumustpracticeasyourEnglishteachertoldyoutoimproveyouroralfluency.Nomatterhowthoughtfulyouare，therearealwaysthingsyoumiss.Youcantakethisintoaccountwhileweighinguptheadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ⅲ语法填空Learninganewlanguageisrewarding1

ittakestimeanddevotion.2

youdo，beingfluent3______

asecondlanguageoffersmanybenefitsandopportunities.Itwillhelpyoualotinlife，especiallyintoday’sglobalsociety.First，learningasecondlanguagewillmakeyouastrongercandidate4

yousearchforjobs.Second，medicalstudieshaveshownthatlearningasecondlanguagehassuchpositiveeffectsonthebrain5

youcandelaymanybraindiseases.though/althoughOnce

in

when

that

Third，learninganewlanguagecanopenupawholenewworldforyou.Forexample，6

youcanspeakEnglishfluently，youcantravel7

youwanttogoandwon’thavetrouble

__________________（communicate）.Youwillhaveamuchbetterexperience，andyoucanlearnalot9

youtalktopeoplefromdifferentcultureswhomayhavedifferentpointsofview.10__________

ithasbeenproventhatitiseasierforchildrentolearnasecondlanguage，itiscertainlynevertoolatetolearnasecondlanguageatanyage.So，let’sdoitrightnow.ifwherever

communicating

if

Although/ThoughLanguagepoints1ThegeophysicistHuangDanian，whopractisedcoresocialistvalues，isagoodexample.地球物理学家黄大年就是这样一位楷模，他践行了社会主义核心价值观。coreadj.核心的；最重要的n.核心，最重要的部分Weneedtoconcentrateonourcorebusiness.我们需要集中在核心业务上。【词块背诵】thecorevalues核心价值观

thecoresubject核心科目核心词汇题组练·领悟方法完成句子（1）Eachstudentstudiesfour

（核心科目）.（2）Wewillfirmlypreserve

（核心价值观）ofoursociety.coresubjectsthecorevalues

2EventuallyheresignedhispostintheUK...最终，他辞去了在英国的职位……resignvt.&vi.辞职，辞去搭配

resignas+身份名词辞去……的职务resignfrom+工作单位从……辞职 Heresignedfromthecompany.他从公司辞职了。【拓展】resignationn.辞职；辞职信，辞呈Therewerecallsforherresignationfromthecommittee.有人要求她辞去委员会中的职务。【词块背诵】resignone’sposition/post/seat辞去某人的职务

aletterofresignation辞职信单句语法填空（1）MrSmithresigned

headmasterlastmonth.（2）Ashehasbecomeold，heintendstoresign

thecompany.（3）He

（resign）hispostbecausehehadbeenofferedabetterjob.（4）The

（resign）cameasacompletesurprise.as

fromresignedresignation3IwasfeelingguiltybecauseIwascheatingmyfans...我感到内疚因为我欺骗了我的粉丝……guilty

adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的搭配

beguiltyof犯……罪feelguiltyabout对……感到内疚 Hewasguiltyofmurder，andwassentencedtodeath.他犯谋杀罪，被判死刑。Ifeltguiltyaboutnotvisitingmyparentsmoreoften.我因没有更经常去看望父母而感到内疚。单句语法填空（1）Thejudgedeclaredhim

（guilt）.（2）Somejournalistsareguilty

reportingfalsenews.（3）Don’tfeel

（guilt）aboutmakingmistakes.Everyonecanmakemistakes.guilty

of

guiltycheatvt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊搭配

cheatsb.intodoingsth.欺骗某人做某事cheatsb.（out）ofsth.从某人那里骗取某物 HecheatedmeintothinkingthatIhadwon.他欺骗我误认为自己赢了。Hecheatswhenplayingcards.他玩牌时作弊。单句语法填空（1）Manypeoplefeel

（cheat）bythecompany’srefusaltorefund.（2）Manyoldpeoplehavebeencheated

buyingexpensivehealthcareproducts.cheated

into

4Iwassoashamedofmyself.我为自己感到羞愧。ashamedadj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬搭配

be/feelashamedof为……感到羞愧beashamedthat...对……感到惭愧beashamedtodosth.做某事而感到惭愧 Shewasdeeplyashamedofbeingdefeatedasecondtime.再次被击败，她深感羞愧。【拓展】（1）shamen