2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（译林版）UNIT 2 Grammar and usage教学课件

UNIT2OutofthisworldSectionBGrammarandusagegrammarandusagesubjectclausesexploringtherulesTheHubbleSpaceTelescopeplayingacrucialroleinthediscoveryofthemysteriousdarkenergyIn2009

TosearchforEarth-sizeplanetsorbitingotherstarsFASTTodetectcommunicationsignalsbetweenthestarsintheuniverseReadthepassageinpartAandfindthesentenceswithsubjectclauses.ThatHubbleisbasedinspaceallowsittoseefurtherthanground-basedtelescope,…Whetherlifeonotherplanetsdoesexistisyettobeproved,…Itisclearthattelescopesarecrucialtoolsforspaceexplorationandthat…Howmuchwewilllearnfromthetelescopesismerelylimitedbyourimagination.Wecanuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence.Wecanuse_____________tointroduceasubjectclausewhentheclauseisastatement.Wecanuse_____________tointroduceasubjectclausewhentheclauseisayes-noquestion.Wecanuseaquestionwordtointroduceasubjectclausewhentheclauseisawh-question.Weoftenuse_____________asthepreparatorysubjectwhenasubjectclauseisverylong.Workingouttherulesthatwhetheritapplyingtherules1.Thespacemissionwentsowellwasbeyondourexpectations.Thatthespacemission

2.Whethertheyareabletogrowmorevegetablesdependonhowmuchtimeittakes.depends

3.Itwasnotclearhowlonghewillstayonthespacestation.is

would4.WhatthelunarprobedidnotlandwasaworryforthepeoplebackontheEarth.5.ThatmakestheChinesepeoplehappyisthatChinahassuccessfullylaunchedaspacerocket.ThatWhatB1applyingtherulese,b,a,cB2phrasesandexpressionsP20looktothestarryskymajorbreakthroughplayacrucialroleinmysteriousdarkenergyorbitotherstarsWhetherlifeonotherplanestsdoesexistisyettobeproved.carryoutobservationswithextrodinarysensitivitydetectcommunicationsignalsphrasesandexpressionsP21comprisethreestagesorbitandscantheMoonItwasevidentthat...laythefoundationforbeplaintoseebeanybody’sguessGrammar主语从句一定义主语可以由一个词、短语充当，也可以由一个句子充当。充当主语的句子叫主语从句。Howtheearthcameintoexistenceremainsamysterytous.

地球是如何形成的，这对我们来说仍然是一个谜。Thatsmokingisharmfultoourhealthisafact.吸烟有害健康，这是事实。二引导主语从句的三类连接词及其句法功能（1）连接词：that，whether①that在从句中无意义，也不充当句子成分，但不可省略。Thatshebecameafamousphysicistmadeherparentsveryhappy.她成了一位著名物理学家，这令她父母非常高兴。Thatsmokingisharmfultohealthisknowntoeveryone.

吸烟有害健康，这是大家都知道的。②whether在从句中不充当句子成分，但表示“是否”。Whetherwewillmakeafundamentalreformhasn’tbeendecided.我们是否要进行根本性的变革还没有确定下来。Whetherlifeexistsonotherplanetsisnotclear.

其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。（2）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，who-ever，whatever，whichever等。Whowillbringupthechildhasn’tbeendecidedyet.谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。Whichlifestyleisthemostbeneficialtoourhealthisstillunknown.

还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。Whoeversolvesthepuzzlecanreceiveanaward.无论谁解开那个谜都可以获奖。Whateveryoudoshoulddonoharmtoothers.无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。（3）连接副词：when，where，why，howwhen（什么时间），where（在哪里），why（为什么），how（怎么，如何）在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因和方式。Whenwewillsetoffhasn’tbeendecided.我们何时出发还没有决定。Wherewelivedoesn’tmatter.我们住在哪儿不重要。WhyCarldidn’tkeephiswordwasobvious.卡尔不守信用，原因显而易见。Howheearnedhislivingathistwentiesisnotcleartoanyone.

任何人都不清楚他二十多岁时是如何谋生的。三用it作形式主语的主语从句由于主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。常用的有以下五种句型：（1）Itis/was+形容词（clear，obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，probable，certain，uncertain，fortunate，etc.）+that从句.Itisclearthatthegirltoldalie.

很明显，那个女孩说了谎。（2）Itis/was+名词（词组）（apity，nowonder，anhonor，agoodidea，afact，goodnews，ashame，etc.）+that从句.Itisapitythatyourparentsdidn’tpermityoutogowithus.

你父母不允许你和我们一起去，这很遗憾。3）Itis/was+过去分词（said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，confirmed，etc.）+that从句.ItisreportedthataviolentearthquakeandtsunamihappenedinJapan.

据报道，日本发生了强震和海啸。（4）It+不及物动词（短语）（matter，happen，comeabout，etc.）+that从句.Ithappenedthathewasoutthatday.

碰巧他那天不在家。（5）It+使令性及物动词（worry，shock，surprise，satisfy，upset，etc.）+sb.+that从句.Itupsethimalotthathewasnotpermittedtojoinintheholidaycelebrations.不允许他参加假日庆祝活动，这让他很生气。Itsurprisedmethatthewomanbroughtupthreechildrenonherown.让我吃惊的是，这个女人独自抚养了三个孩子。【误区警示】过去分词如果是suggested，ordered，required，advised，requested，insisted等表示建议、要求、命令等的词，主语从句应使用虚拟语气，即谓语用“（should+）动词原形”。Itissuggestedthatpeopleshouldnotgoonapicnicbecausetherewillbeaviolentstormtoday.有人建议不要去野餐，因为今天将会有暴风雨。四使用主语从句的注意事项（1）主语从句是用陈述语序Whetherhewillbeintimeforthemeetingisdoubtful.他能否赶上会议还不确定呢。（2）时态和谓语动词的单复数①如果主句是过去时态，那么从句一般也要用相应的过去的某种时态。Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthemaninragswasamillionaire.最让我惊讶的是，那个衣衫褴褛的人居然是百万富翁。②主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数，但当what引导的主语从句作主语，what在从句中作宾语，且表语是名词时，谓语动词的单复数要根据后面表语的单复数而确定。Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetinghasnotbeendecided.

我们何时开运动会还没定下来。Whatastronautsneedinthespaceshipisoxygen.宇航员在宇宙飞船中需要的是氧气。Whatthechildrenstarveforintheareaarebooks.这个地区的孩子渴望得到的是书。③用and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或两个以上的连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词仍用单数。Whentheywillsetoffandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.他们何时动身，要去哪里，还没定下来。Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.

何时何地举行会议还没定下来。（3）whether引导的主语从句，如果用了形式主语it，引导词whether可以换成if。如果whether从句在句首或后面直接跟ornot，则不能换成if。Whetherhewillcutdownhisnovelhasnotbeendecidedyet.（whether不可用if替换）Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhetherhewillcutdownhisnovel.（whether可以用if替换）他还没决定是否删减他的小说。【拓展】whether与if的区别（1）当与ornot直接连用时，用whether。Idon’tknowwhetherornotmysoncanearnhisliving.

我不清楚我儿子是否能自力更生。（2）whether可用在介词之后或带to的动词不定式之前，if则不能。Wehaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherwe’llinvitetheastronomer.

我们还没有解决是否邀请这位天文学家的问题。WehadnoideawhethertogowithoutJaneorwaitforherforawhile.

我们不知道是不等简就走，还是等她一会儿。（3）whether可以引导表语从句和同位语从句，if则不能。Theproblemiswhethershewilltakeachance.问题在于她是否会冒险一试。ThereissomedoubtwhetherJohnwillgainpopularsupport.

约翰是否会获得广泛支持，还有些疑问。（4）在强调任意选择时，用whether...or，此时不用if替换whether。HeaskedmewhetherIwantedtohavesomepineappledessertoracupofcoffee.

他问我想吃一些菠萝甜点还是想喝杯咖啡。单元语法集训Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1.Itisapity

wemightmisstheopeningscene.2.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand

mademattersworsewas

thenightbegantofall.3.Thereisnodoubt，inmyopinion，that

mattersisnotthequantity，butthequalityoftheproducts.4.Itdoesn’tinterestme

yousucceedornot.5.

theastronautatehisfoodinspaceis

wewanttoknow.6.

theywillhavethesportsmeetingisstillaquestion，fortheyhavesomanythingstodo.that

what

that

what

whether

How

what

When

7.

wearepermittedtousethelibraryisnotknown.8.

theauthorreferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreaders.9.

colorsinfluenceourmoodshasbeenproved.10.

willbeourEnglishteacherinthenewtermhasn’tbeendecidedyet.11.

youcansucceedornotdependsonhowhardyouworkatit.12.—Itremainstobeseen

theplancanbeputintopractice.—Itdependsonyourdetermination.13.

moreandmorestudentsshowlittleinterestinherclassesmakesherpuzzled.14.Itremainstobeseen

theyarewronginthematter.15.Inmyopinion，

mattersarenotone’slooks，butone’sinnerthoughts.WhetherWhatThat

WhoWhether

whether/if

Why

whether

what

Ⅱ.单句写作1.

（据报道）themurdererwasshottodeathonthescene.2.

（她生了一个健康的婴儿）madethefamilyveryhappy.3.

（父母是否给他买一台新的电脑）dependsonhisexamresults.4.

（那是谁的包）wasnotknownatthattime.5.Itremainsamystery

（为什么恐龙突然消失了）.Itisreportedthat

Thatshegavebirthtoahealthybaby

Whetherhisparentswillbuyhimanewcomputer

Whosebagthatwas/Who（m）thebagbelongedto

whydinosaurssuddenlydisappearedⅢ.语法填空

EveryoneknewthatAnnwas1

famouswriter，butnooneknew2

shecamefromand3

shewasbornin1961wasstillamystery.Whattheydidknowwasthatshewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelpedwhoeverwas4

needofmoney.Annwasgenerousand5

（help），butsomepeoplethoughtshewasseeking6

（famous）.Annsaidshedidn’tunderstand7

theyweresonarrow-minded，butitdidn’tmatter8

otherpeoplethoughtofher.Shejustwantedtodo9

shethoughtwasright.Ithinkthatis10

themeaningoflifelies.a

where

whether

in

helpful

fame

whywhat

what

where

Languagepoints1...itallowsscientiststolearnmoreabouttheuniverse.……它（哈勃太空望远镜）使科学家了解了更多关于宇宙的信息。universen.（theuniverse）宇宙，天地万物Scientistsdisagreeabouthowtheuniversewascreated.科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的有分歧。【拓展】（1）universaladj.普遍的；全世界的；共同的；普遍存在的Thedesiretolookattractiveisuniversal.爱美之心，人皆有之。（2）universallyadv.全体地；一致地；到处Thetheorydoesnotapplyuniversally.这个理论并非放之四海而皆准。【词块背诵】universalfeatures普遍特征

universaleducation普及教育universallanguage通用语言

universalfacts普遍事实单句语法填空（1）Smilingisapparentlya

（universe）signoffriendlinessandapproval.（2）It’shopedthatthetelescopewillenablescientiststoseedeeperinto

universethaneverbefore.（3）Itis

（universal）acknowledgedthatairandwaterareveryimportanttoman.universal

the

universally

2Hubbleobservationshaveplayedacrucialroleinthediscoveryofthemysteriousdarkenergy.哈勃（太空望远镜）的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。crucialadj.至关重要的，关键性的（近义词：critical，essential，vital）搭配

becrucialto...对……很重要Itiscrucialtodosth.做某事很重要Itiscrucialthat...（should）do...至关重要的是……

Thesuccessofthisexperimentiscrucialtothefutureofourfirm.这次试验的成功对我们公司的前途至关重要。Itiscrucialthatallstudentsdevelopthesebasicskills.所有学生都要培养这些基本技能，这是极其重要的。单句语法填空（1）Theconferencedeliveredaclearmessage：itiscrucial

（focus）onbothtreatmentandprevention.（2）Regularexerciseiscrucial

people’sphysicalandmentalhealth.tofocus

to

3Kepler’sscientificgoalistosearchforEarth-sizeplanetsorbitingotherstars.开普勒的科学目标是寻找地球大小的围绕其他恒星运行的行星。orbitvt.&vi.围绕……运动；沿轨道运行n.（天体等运行的）轨道搭配

orbitaround...绕……运行inorbit在轨道上 TheEarthtakesayeartoorbitthesun.地球绕太阳一周要一年的时间。AnewsatellitehasbeenputintoorbitaroundtheEarth.一颗新的卫星被送入环绕地球的轨道。单句语法填空（1）In1957theSovietUnionlaunchedthefirstsatellite

（orbit）theearth.（2）Thetwospacecraftwilllinkup

orbit.toorbit

in

4Howmuchwewilllearnfromthetelescopesismerelylimitedbyourimagination.我们将从这些望远镜中学习到多少，这仅仅受限于我们的想象力。merelyadv.仅仅，只不过Hemerelywantstoknowwhenhecangetbacktowork.他只不过想知道他什么时候能回去工作。【拓展】mereadj.仅仅的Ittookheramerehourtowin.她只花一小时就赢了。单句语法填空（1）Hesaidnothing，

（mere）smiledandwatchedher.（2）Thebrainaccountsfor

（mere）threepercentofbodyweight.merely

merely

5...China’sspaceagency，itcomprisesthreestages...中国的航天机构，它由三个阶段组成……agencyn.机构；代理处Iamatourguide，andIworkforatravelagencyindowntownQingdao.我是一名导游，我在青岛市中心的旅行社工作。【拓展】agentn.代理人；经纪人OuragentinNewYorkdealswithallUSsales.我们在纽约的代理商经办在整个美国的销售。【词块背诵】aticketagency售票代理处

atravel/touristagency旅行社单句语法填空（1）BythetimeIwastwenty-five，I’dalreadyfinishedtwonovelsandhadan_____（agency）.（2）Havingstruggledtofindajobformonths，Maryfinallytookapositionatalocaladvertising_________（agent）.agent

agency

comprise

vt.包括，包含；组成，构成Thecollectioncomprises327paintings.这部画册收有327幅画。Theserulescomprisethegrammarofalanguage.