2024-2025学年新教材高中英语单元综合检测1Unit1Foodforthought含解析外研版必修第二册

PAGE1-单元综合检测(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AIntheUnitedStates，30percentoftheadultpopulationhasa“weightproblem”．Tomanypeople，thecauseisclear：weeattoomuch.Butscientificevidencedoeslittletosupportthisidea.GoingbacktotheAmericaof1910，wefindthatpeoplewerethinnerthantoday，yettheyatemorefood.Inthosedayspeopleworkedharderphysically，walkedmore，usedmachinesmuchless，anddidn'twatchtelevision.Severalmodernstudies，moreover，haveshownthatfatterpeopledon'teatmoreonaveragethanthinnerpeople.Infact，someinvestigations(调查)，suchasa1970studyof3，545Londonofficeworkers，reportthat，onbalance，fatpeopleeatlessthanslimmerpeople.Studiesshowthatslimpeoplearemoreactivethanfatpeople.AstudybyaresearchgroupatStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicinefoundthefollowinginterestingfacts.Themorethemenran，thegreaterlossofbodyfat.Themoretheyran，thegreatertheirincreaseinfoodintake(汲取)．Thusthosewhoranthemostatethemost，yetlostgreatestamountofbodyfat.【语篇解读】许多人认为肥胖是由吃得多引起的，但为什么有些人虽然吃得多但仍旧苗条呢？让本文作者告知你答案吧。1．Basedonthestatisticsgiveninthearticle，supposethereare500adultAmericans，abouthowmanyofthemwillhaveweightproblems?A．30. B．50.C．100. D．150.D[数字计算题。由第一段第一句提到的比例可知，有500×30%＝150人。]2．IncomparisonwiththeadultAmericanpopulationtoday，theAmericansof1910．A．atemorefoodandhadmorephysicalactivitiesB．atelessfoodbuthadmoreactivitiesC．atelessfoodandhadlessphysicalexercisesD．hadmoreweightproblemsA[细微环节理解题。由第一段第四、五句可知，那时人们吃得多但是仍旧苗条的缘由是干体力活多，步行多。]3．Whathasmodernmedicalandscientificresearchreportedtous?A．Fatpeopleeatlessfoodandarelessactive.B．Fatpeopleeatmorefoodthanthinpeopleandaremoreactive.C．Fatpeopleeatmorefoodthanthinpeoplebutarelessactive.D．Thinpeoplerunless，andneedlessfoodtoeat.A[细微环节理解题。由其次段最终“onbalance，fatpeopleeatlessthanslimmerpeople”和第三段开头“Studiesshowthatslimpeoplearemoreactivethanfatpeople.”可知答案为A。]BWeliveinaworldwhereit'softennoteasytofindsomeonetotrust.Asmilingpersonalwaysinspirestrust.Eveneconomistsconsiderthatsmilesarevaluable.Asmilemayincreaseotherpeople'strustbyabout10%.Peoplemayalsosmilewhentheyarecaughtdoingbadthings.AccordingtoastudymadebyLaFranceandHecht，thiscaninfactbetotheirownadvantage.Wehaveatendencytobekindertowardsthosewhomakemistakesiftheywearasmilewhilebeingcaught.Evenaguiltysmilemayhelpyougetawayprettyeasilywhenyoumakemistakes.Wemayalsosmilewhenwehearapieceofgoodnews.Inthiscase，womentendtosmilemoreoftenthanmen.Smilingcanalsobeameansofreducingthepaincausedbyatroublingsituation.Evenifweforceourselvestosmilewhenwedon'twantto，thismaybeenoughtoliftourspiritsjustalittlebit.Whenwefeelangryoranxious，ourattentiontendstonarrowdown.Wecannolongerseewhat'sgoingonaroundusandwecanonlynoticewhatisinfrontofus.Butifwesmile，wefeelbetterandincreaseflexibilityofourattentionandtheabilitytothink.Smilingcanhelpusfocusandunderstandbetter.“Keeponsmiling，andtheworldwillsmilewithyou.”Oneofthegreatestsocialpleasureistosmileandbesmiledtoinreturn，especiallybecausethiscomeslikeanaturalthing.Peoplewhosmileoftenlivelonger.Astudybasedonsomepicturestakenofsomebaseballplayerssuggestedthatthosewhousedtosmilealotsurvivedabout7yearslongerthanthosewhodidnotsmileveryoften.【语篇解读】微笑是人类特有的一种微妙表情。微笑不仅融洽了关系，对于长寿也大有好处。4．Thepassagemainlytalksabout．A．thebenefitsofsmilingB．theoccasionswhenyousmileC．thewaysofsmilingD．thereasonswhypeoplesmileA[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲解并描述了微笑的好处。微笑可以增加信任，缓解压力，甚至对健康都有好处，故答案为A项。]5．Whencaughtdoingbadthings，peoplesmileto.A．admittheirmistakesB．showtheyareexcitedC．avoidblameorpunishmentD．provetheyarekindC[细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段中的“Evenaguiltysmilemayhelpyougetawayprettyeasilywhenyoumakemistakes.”可知，被发觉做坏事时微笑的目的是为了逃脱责怪或惩处。故答案为C项。]6．Accordingtothethirdparagraph，wecanlearnthat．A．menseldomsmileatapieceofgoodnewsB．smilescanbehelpfulwhateverthesituationisC．weshouldforceourselvestosmilewheneveritisD．ingeneral，menaremorelikelytosmilethanwomenB[细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段可知，当我们听到好消息会笑，缓解逆境带来的苦痛时会笑，甚至当我们不想笑时强迫自己笑，都会提升自己的精神状况，所以无论在什么样的状况下，微笑总是有好处的。]7．Theunderlinedsentenceinthefifthparagraphprobablymeans．A．ifwesmile，itishardtobesmiledtoB．ifwesmile，otherswillsmiletousinreturnC．ifwewanttosmile，theworldwillsmiletousintimeD．ifwesmilesometimes，wewillmaketheworldfullofsmilesB[句意理解题。依据第五段中画线句子的下文“Oneofthegreatestsocialpleasuresistosmileandbesmiledtoinreturn，especiallybecausethiscomeslikeanaturalthing.”可知，假如我们对别人微笑，别人也会对我们报以微笑。]CPilates，yogaandtherunningmachinegetalltheattentionwhenitcomestopopularwaystostayhealthy.Thereis，however，amorehumbleexercisethatmightnotbesoattractive，buthasallthebenefits－walking.CertifiedfitnessprofessionalJolynnJaekelexplains，“WhatIloveaboutwalkingisthatanyonecandoitatanyageandanyfitnesslevel.Plus，itisgoodforyourheart，yourheadandyourwallet.”Arecentreportdetailsthehealthbenefitsofwalking.Thereportfoundthatwalkingregularlytofulfillthe150minutesofmoderatephysicalexerciseeveryweek，recommendedbytheUK'schiefmedicalofficer，couldsave37，000liveseachyear.ScientistsattheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryinCaliforniafoundthatquickwalkingreducestheriskofheartdiseasemoreeffectivelythanrunning.Theyobservedparticipantsagedbetween18and80overasix­yearperiodandfoundthatwalkingreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseby9.3%，whilerunningreduceditby4.5%.Andthereisevenmoregoodnews：30minutesofquickwalkingoverfivedayscouldhelpyousleepeasily，accordingtoresearchbyOregonStateUniversity.Thestudybytheuniversityshowedthatwalkinghelpedparticipantssleepbetterandfeelmorealertduringtheday.Thesooneryougetstarted，thesooneryou'llnoticethedifferencesinyourmindandbody.So，gooutforyour30­minutewalkinanearbyparkorgreenspace.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了健康生活方式中的最简洁有效的方式——步行。8．Theunderlinedword“humble”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“”．A．plain B．relaxingC．popular D．activeA[词义揣测题。依据第一段可知，当提到保持健康的方式时首先可以想到普拉提、瑜伽和跑步机。然而，有一种不太引人注目的简洁运动却让人受益匪浅，那就是步行。由此可推知，画线词和“plain”意义相近。故A项正确。]9．WhatdoesJolynnJaekelthinkofwalking?A．It'slovedbypeopleofallages.B．It'smuchhealthierthanrunning.C．It'samoney­savingphysicalexercise.D．It'sbecomingmoreandmorepopular.C[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“WhatIloveaboutwalking...yourheadandyourwallet.”可知，步行对人的心脏和大脑都有好处并且可以省钱。故C项正确。]10．WhatdidscientistsattheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryfind?A．Walkinghelpspeoplewithsleepproblems.B．Walkingcontributestocuringheartdisease.C．Walking150minutesperweekcansavelives.D．Walkingisbetterthanrunninginsomecases.D[细微环节理解题。依据第三段第三句中的“foundthatquickwalkingreducestheriskofheartdiseasemoreeffectivelythanrunning”以及下文将步行和跑步从几个方面进行的对比来看，前者优于后者。故D项正确。]11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthistext?A．Comment. B．Lifestyle.C．Education. D．Science.B[推理推断题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了健康生活方式中的最简洁有效的方式——步行。由此可推知，可从报纸上介绍生活方式的版块读到该文章。故B项正确。]DOnceuponatime，whenyoufirstattendedayouthsportingevent，yourparentsprobablyweren'texpectingyoutobecomeaprofessionalathlete.Theysignedupforabasketball，footballorswimmingcourseforyouinthehopethatyoumightlearnlessonsaboutwinninggentlemanly，losingwithdignity(尊严)andinsistingonitwhenthingsgethard.Yes，playinggamesisgoodexercise，butitisthelifelessonsthatmattermost.Formanyofus，insteadoflookingtoimproveourmindsandspirits，webeganjudgingprogressonlybythesizeofourmusclesorthenumbersonaweighingmachine.Thethoughtthatathleticcompetitionisaboutgreaterlifelessonsandthebuildingofcharacterhasbeenfurtherundermined(减弱)byheadlinesaboutprofessionalathletes.“Andyetthere'sstillstrongevidencethatsportsstronglyimprovecertainpersonalqualities，”saysAngelaLumpkin，ProfessoroftheDepartmentofHealth，SportandExerciseSciencesattheUniversityofKansas.Andthat'strueforathletesofanyage.Amateursports(业余体育运动)provideasafeplaceforcompetition.Theyalsoprovideapracticegroundformanagingstress.Theadvantagesoftakingpartinasportcanseep(渗透)intoyourprofessionallife，too.Inbasketball，forexample，“Gettingeveryonetoplaytherightroleonthecourtisthekeytosuccess，”saysAlanArlt，thefounderoftheLifeTimeFitnessbasketballprogramUltimateHoops.“Thatiscertainlyusefulinthebusinessworld，whereeveryoneunderstandstheirownroleintheorganization.”“Inathleticevents，yougothroughgoodandbadtimesoftenintheperiodoftwohours，”saysformerNBAheadcoachFlipSaunders.“Doyouhavethecalmmannertosettleyourselfdown，ordoyoutotallyloseitandgetthrownoutofthegamewhichhurtsbothyouandyourteam？Allofthaton­courtexperiencehasarealeffectonhowyoudealwithreal­lifesituations.”【语篇解读】参与体育运动不仅是为了强身健体，更重要的是为了提高人的智商和情商。12．Whatwouldparentsexpectwhentheirchildrenjoinedinsports?A．Towinasmanygamesaspossible.B．Toimprovetheirhealth.C．Tomakemorefriends.D．Togetthroughdifficulties.D[细微环节理解题。依据第一段的“...inthehopethatyoumightlearnlessonsaboutwinninggentlemanly，losingwithdignityandinsistingonitwhenthingsgethard.”可知，家长让孩子参与体育运动是希望孩子在运动的过程中学会如何面对困难。]13．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Peopleplaysportstobuildtheircharacter.B．Peoplestillholdtheideathatsportscankeepusfit.C．Peoplekeepplayingsportstoimprovemindsandspirits.D．Peoplepaymoreattentiontothenewsofprofessionalathletes.D[推理推断题。依据其次段的“Thethoughtthatathleticcompetitionisaboutgreaterlifelessonsandthebuildingofcharacterhasbeenfurtherunderminedbyheadlinesaboutprofessionalathletes.”可知，运动对人性格的培育并没有被大家过多关注，反倒是专业运动员的一些花边新闻引起人们的更多关注。]14．AmateursportsarementionedinParagraph3inorderto．A．supportLumpkin'sideaB．introducethenexttopicC．showanotherpieceofevidenceD．showthemainideaoftheparagraphA[推理推断题。依据例子内容可知，列举业余运动是为了证明Lumpkin的观点。]15．Accordingtothelastparagraph，thesportsexperiencehasarealeffecton．A．howtosucceedinthefutureB．howtokeepcalmincertainsituationsC．howtodealwithreal­lifesituationsD．howtounderstandtheroleonthecourtC[细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的“Allofthaton­courtexperiencehasarealeffectonhowyoudealwithreal­lifesituations.”可推知，运动经验对如何处理真实的生活情境有真正的影响。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Allofusknowthatabalanceddietstrengthenstheimmunesystem.16．Thefollowingstrategieswillhelpyoutojump­starthealthyeatinghabits.Morningmust­havesResearchersatHarvardMedicalSchooldiscoveredthatpeoplewhotookdailybreakfastwereathirdlesslikelytobecomeobese(肥胖的)thanthosewhoskippedthismeal.Toenjoythemostbenefits，theresearchersrecommendedeatingwhole­grainfoodsforbreakfastastheyarerichinfiber.17．MainmealwisdomIfyouneedtoconsumemeat，choosefishinsteadofredmeat.Studieshavelinkedhighconsumptionofredmeatwithcancerssuchasbreastandcolorectalcanceraswellasheartdiseasemainlybecauseredmeatisveryhighinsaturated(饱和的)fats.18．Foodpreparation19．Assuch，cookingmethodssuchassteaming，baking，grilling，boilingorstir­fryingareadvised.20Somepeopleliketoeatalargemealafterahardday'swork.However，largemealslateatnightcancauseindigestionthatinfluencessleep.Soitisaverygoodideatohavealow­caloriefiberdrinkjustbeforeleavingtheoffice.Itisalsonotagoodideatoregularlyhavealate­nightmealasthiscouldoverburdenthedigestivesystem.Remember，minorchangesinoureatinghabitscanleadtomajorchangesinourhealth.A．LightnightsB．FewernightsnacksC．Fish，incontrast，containsmoreheart­healthyfatsD．DrinkingbeanmilksuppliesthebodywithplantproteinE．ExpertsalwayssuggestpreparingfoodwithaslittleoilaspossibleF．Butmostofusfailtoobtainadequatenutrients(养分)duetoourtroubledlifestylesG．Fiberaidsinstabilizingbloodsugar，controllingappetiteandkeepingthehearthealthy【语篇解读】本文为说明文。作者介绍了养成健康饮食好习惯的几种策略。16．F[依据首句中的“均衡饮食能增加免疫系统”可知，F项中的“但是我们大多数人由于混乱的生活方式没能获得足够的养分”与之对应，并引出下句。]17．G[探讨者举荐早餐吃富含纤维素的全谷类食物，故接下来应当说明纤维素对人体的好处，故选G。]18．C[该段主要涉及吃正餐的学问，即多吃鱼肉少吃红肉。红肉中含有大量的饱和脂肪，故选C项“相反，鱼肉中含有更多的有益于心脏健康的脂肪”与之作对比。]19．E[该段主要涉及食物烹饪建议，从后句中的“蒸、烘、烤、煮或炒”这些烹饪方法可知选项E与之匹配。]20．A[依据后文可知该段主要讲晚上吃大餐会影响消化，再结合上文几个小标题考虑，“晚餐少食”最佳，故选A。]Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Mostchildrenwithhealthyappetites(胃口)arereadytoeatalmostanythingthatisofferedtothem.Achildrarelydislikesfood21itisbadlycooked.Thewayamealiscookedandservedismostimportantand22servedmealwilloftenimproveachild'sappetite.Neveraskachild23helikesordislikesafoodandneverdiscusslikesanddislikesinfrontofhimorallow24elsetodoso.Ifthefathersayshehatesfatmeatorthemotherrefusesvegetablesinthechild'shearing，heis25tocopytheirwords.Takeit26grantedthathelikeseverythingandheprobably27．Nothinghealthfulshouldbeleftoutfromthemealbecauseofa28dislike.Atmealtimesitisagood29togiveachildasmallshareandlethim30backforasecondhelpingratherthangivehimas31asheislikelytoeatallatonce.Donottalktoomuchtothechild32mealtimes，butlethimgetonwithhisfood，anddonot33himtoleavethetableimmediatelyafteramealorhewillsoonlearntoswallowhisfood34thathecanhurrybacktohistoys.On35conditionmustachildbecoaxed(哄骗)orforcedtoeat.【语篇解读】本文主要告知父母关于孩子饮食应留意的问题。21．A.if B．untilC．that D．unlessD[前两句说“孩子的胃口很好”，故“除非饭菜做得太差，否则他们很少会不吃饭”。]22．A.anxiously B．attractivelyC．urgently D．eagerlyB[依据文中的“improveachild'sappetite”可以看出是attractivelyserved，表示是“香喷喷的饭菜”。]23．A.whether B．whatC．that D．whichA[依据文中的or可以看出此处是whether...or...结构。]24．A.everybody B．anybodyC．somebody D．nobodyB[依据上下文可以看出，要让一个孩子有一个好的胃口，就不能让任何人在孩子面前谈论上述话题，否定句中用anybody。]25．A.willing B．possibleC．forced D．likelyD[belikelytocopy意为“有可能要仿照”。possible一般不能用“人”作主语。]26．A.with B．asC．over D．forD[takeitforgranted为固定搭配，意为“认为……是天经地义的”。]27．A.should B．mayC．will D．mustC[will表示将来，本句意为“想当然地认为孩子喜爱全部的食物，他可能就会喜爱”。]28．A.supposed B．provedC．considered D．relatedA[asupposeddislike意为“假设的不喜爱”。]29．A.point B．customC．idea D．planC[表示“好办法”要用agoodidea。custom和plan不符合本题语境；point意为“点”。]30．A.ask B．comeC．return D．takeB[此句说明的是“少吃好味道”这一道理，好吃的话，他会回来多添。]31．A.much B．littleC．few D．manyA[依据上文的意思，表示“不要一下子就给他能吃完的量”。]32．A.on B．overC．by D．duringD[duringmealtimes意为“吃饭时间”。]33．A.agree B．allowC．force D．persuadeB[agree不能接sb.todosth.，C、D两项与句意不符；此处用allow表示“不允许他一吃完饭就离开饭桌”。]34．A.so B．untilC．incase D．althoughA[so此处相当于sothat，引导的是目的状语从句。]35．A.some B．anyC．such D．noD[最终一句的倒装句表明句首应是表示否定意义的词。]Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Fastfoodbusiness36.(develop)tremendouslyinthepast50years.Nowadayspeopleseeallkindsoffastfoodrestaurantshereandthere，which37.________(clear)showshowcloselyitisrelatedtoourdailylife.Mostpeoplebelievethatfastfoodbusinesshasbecomepartofourlifeandits38.________(develop)isgoodforbothsocietyandpeople.Firstly，thebestthingaboutfastfoodisbeingfast.Noweveryonelivesabusylife，sotimeisthemost39.________(value)thingtousall.Fastfoodoffersanefficientway40.________(eat)．Youwillwastenotimeinwaitingorchoosing.41.________，fastfoodrestaurantsprovideuswith42.________goodenvironmentforentertainmentandstudy.Friendscomehere，chattingorplayingcards；studentscomehere，readingbooksordoinghomework，andmeanwhileyoucanenjoyabagofchipsandabottleofcola43.________willbringmorepleasure.Thirdly，youngsterscanevenfindgoodopportunitiesofworkingpracticeinsomefastfoodrestaurants.Workingexperiencehelpsthemunderstandsociety44.________(well)andimprovetheircommunicatingskills.Inmanyways，webenefitalot45.________fastfoodbusiness.Therefore，Ithinkithelpfulandimportanttoourlife.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了快餐业的一些状况。36．hasdeveloped[考查时态、语态和主谓一样。依据时间状语inthepast50years可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时态。fastfoodbusiness与develop之间为主谓关系，故填hasdeveloped。]37．clearly[考查副词。此处应用副词clearly(清晰地)来修饰谓语动词shows。]38．development[考查名词。由its可知，此处该用develop的名词形式development(发展)。]39．valuable[考查形容词。现在每个人的生活都很劳碌，所以时间对我们大家来说是最宝贵的东西。此处用形容词修饰thing，故用valuable。]40．toeat[考查非谓语动词。此处指一种高效的饮食方式。way(方式)其后常用不定式的一般主动式作定语。]41．Secondly[考查副词。结合该段中的“Firstly”和“Thirdly”可知用Secondly。]42．a[考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且good以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。]43．which/that[考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，先行词是abagofchipsandabottleofcola，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which/that。]44．better[考查比较级。better(更好地)修饰动词understand。]45．from[考查介词。benefitfrom表示“从……中受益”，为固定结构。]Ⅴ.应用文写作(满分15分)假如你是李华，你班的英语老师让你参与你们学校组织的“Howtokeephealthy”英语作文竞赛写一篇参赛作文，请你依据以下信息进行写作。词数80左右。内容包括：1．饮食方面：多吃蔬菜与水果，少吃肉类；2．心情方面：保持主动的心情，良好的心情；3．熬炼方面：常常运动(跑步、漫步等)。【参考范文】Nowadays，moreandmorepeopleareconcernedabouttheirhealth.Soitisnecessaryforustoknowhowtokeephealthy.Firstofall，it'snecessaryforustokeepabalanceddiet.Weshouldeatmorevegetablesandfruitwhichcontainlotsofvitaminsandlessmeat.Moreover，keepingagoodstateofmindisalsogoodforourhealth.Weshouldalwayshaveanactiveattitudetowardslife.Lastbutnotleast，makesurewetakeproperexerciseeveryday.Runningorwalking，simpleasitis，hasapositiveeffectonourhealth.Inaword，thereisalotwecandotokeephealthy.Let'stakeactiontobehealthier.Ⅵ.读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面的材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Isatatthebreakfasttablewithmyfour­year­oldson，Matthew－tryingtoignoretheacheinmystomach.“Mama，wanttoplay？”“Nottoday，baby.”Ishookmyhead.ThesedaysIcouldbarelygetoutofbed.Iwasstillrecoveringfromasurgery.Ihopedforstrengthandhappiness.Butthefutureseemedsohopeless.Suddenly，Matthewjumpedupfromhisspotonthekitchenfloor.“Bird！”heshouted，rushingtoourcourtyard.Sureenough，therewasawhitedoveseatedinarubbertree.Itsatthereforafewmoments，andthenflewaway.Strangely，I'dneverseenoneinourneighborhoodbefore.WhenIdraggedmyselftothekitchenthenextmorning，thedovewasback.Thistimewithamatecarryingtwigs(嫩枝)．“Look，Matthew，”Isaid，pointingtothetree.“They'regoingtomakeanest.”Thedovesflewinandoutofthecourtyardallweek，buildingontopoftherubbertree.Matthewcouldhardlycontainhisexcitement.Everymorning，he'drunintothekitchenandtakehisspotbytheslidingglassdoortalkingtothebirdswhiletheyworked.Hisenthusiasmwasinfluential.AsmuchasIwasgrieving(哀痛)，Icouldn'thelpbutlookforwardtothedoves'visitstoo.Thenitallwentwrong.Thecourtyardwasasafeenoughspotforanest，buttherubbertre