英语国家概况课后答案The Economic System

Explaineachofthefollowing:

1.Parentage

Thefactofwhoone'sparentsare,whatclasstheyare.

2.Transaction

Apieceofbusinesswhichiscarriedoutbytwoormorepeoplenegotiatingaboutit.

3.Caste

Asocialclassorsysteminmanycountrywhichisbasedondividingpeopleinto

groupsaccordingtotheirfamily,rank,wealth,profession,etc.

4.Plannedeconomy

Aneconomicsysteminwhichproduction,distributionandconsumptionarecontrolled

bythegovernment.

5.Barter

Exchangeofgoodsforothergoods,ratherthansellingthemformoney.

6.Realgoods(concretegoods)

Thegoodswhichactuallyexist.

7.Distribution

Thedeliveringofsthtoseveralpeopleororganizations.

8.Consumption

Theactofbuyingandusingthings.

9.Rawmaterial

Anaturalsubstancewhichisusedtomakesth.

lO.Primarysector

Thesectorofeconomyconcernedwiththeextractionofrawmaterialsandthe

provisionofagriculturalcropsandanimalproduce.

11.Agriculture

Thepracticeoffarmingandthemethodwhichisusedtoraiseandlookaftercrops

andanimals.

12.Agriculturalcrop

13.Animalproduce

Foodorothermaterialwhichismadeofanimals.

14.Secondarysector/industrialsector

Thesectorofeconomymainlyconcernedwiththemanufactureofgoods.

15.Goods-producingsector

Thesectorofeconomyconcernedwiththeproductionofgoods.

16.Tertiarysector

Thesectorofeconomyconcernedwiththeserviceindustry.

17.Mining

Theactivityconcernedwithgettingcoal,goldanddiamonds.

18.Manufacture

Themakingorproducingofsthbymachineinafactory.

19.Construction

Thebuildingofbuildings,roadsandbridges.

20.Oilextraction

Theactofremovingoilcontainedinanothersubstance.

21.Quarrying

Theactofremovingastonefromthequarry.

22.Husbandry

Farming.

23.Forestry

Theactofgrowingandtakecareoftreesinforests.

24.Fishing

Thebusinessofcatchingfish.

25.Hunting

Thebusinessofhuntingwildanimals.

26.Serviceindustry

Thebranchofeconomyconcernedwithservices.

27.Distributiveservice

Theserviceconcernedwiththedistributionofresourcesandproducts.

28.Logistic

Theplanningandorganizationofthedistributionofmaterials.

29.Wholesale

Thebusinessofsellinggoodsinlargequantities.

3O.Retail

Thesaleofgoodsinastoreorashop.

31.Departmentstore

Alargeshopdividedintodepartments,ineachofwhichadifferenttypeofgoodsis

sold.

32.Supermarket

Alargeshopwherecustomersservethemselveswiththingstheyneedinthehome.

33.Hypermarket

Anextremelargeshopwherepeoplecanbuyavarietyofthingstheywant.

34.Shoppingcentre

Agroupofshopsbuiltororganizedtogetherinonearea.

35.Shoppingmall

Alargeshoppingcentrewherecarsarenotpermitted.

36.Chainstore

Agroupofshopsofthesamekindownedbyoneorganization.

37.Communications

Thesystemusedtocommunicateorbroadcastinformation.

38.Telecommunications

Theprocessofsendingmessagesoveralongdistanceusingelectronicequipment.

39.Realestate

Immovableproperty,suchasland,building.

40.Consumer

Onethatconsumes.

41.Consumerservice

Theserviceconcernedwithconsumptionandintendtoserveconsumers.

42.Cateringtrade

Thebusinessofprovidingfoodanddrinkfbralargenumberofpeople.

43.Laundry

Aplacewhereclothesarewashed.

44.Repair

Mendingsthwhichhasbeendamaged.

45.Do-it-yourself

Theactivityofmakingthingsyourselfratherthanbyit.

46.Resort

Theplacewherepeoplegoandmakeholidays.

47.Travel

Makingajourney.

48.Tourism

Thebusinessofprovidingholidays,hotelsandsoon.

49.Businesstravel

Goingfromoneplacetoanotherforbusinesspurpose.

5O.Entertainment

Show,performancewhichpeoplewatchforpleasure.

51.Franchise

Anauthoritywhichisgivingbyacompany,allowingthemtosellthecompany's

goodsorservices.

52.Franchising

Thecompanywhichownstherighttolicensefranchisees.

53.Franchisee

Apersonoragroupofpeoplewhoareauthorizedtosellgoodsorservicesofa

company.

54.Franchisedstore

Thestorewhichownsalicense.

55.Producer

Aperson#company,etc.thatprovidealargesupplyofsthtobesoldtothepublic.

56.Accountancy

Thepracticeofkeepingorinspectingmoneyaccounts.

57.Banking

Theactivityofbanksorsimilarinstitutions.

58.Managementaccountancy

Tosupplytechnicalassistanceandadvicetobusinessandgovernmentclients.

59.Marketresearch

Theactivityofcollectinginformationaboutwhatpeoplewant,needandbuy.

60.Legaladvice

Theactivityofgivingpeopleadviceaboutlegalaffairs.

61.Architecture

Theartofpanning,designing,constructinganddecoratingbuildings.

62.Engineering

Thescienceofplanningthemakingofmachines,roads,bridges.

63.Businessservice

Servicesconcernedwithbusiness.

64.Conferencefacilities

Toprovideplaces,servicesforpeopletoholdmeetings.

65.Computingservice

Thebusinessengagedinsoftwaredevelopment,productionofpackaged

software,consultancy,processing,theprovisionofcomputersystems/information

technologyeducationandtraining,andindependentmaintenance.

66.Advertising

Theactivityofencouragingpeopletobythings.

67.Publicrelations

Thepartofanorganization'sworkwhichisconcernedwithobtainingtheapproveof

thepublicforwhatitdoes.

68.Nonprofitsservice

Toservethewholecountrybutnotintendtobelucrative.

69.Governmentservice

Theservicesupportedbythegovernmentforpublicbenefit.

70.Nationaldefence

Asystemofarmiesandweaponsofacountryforthepurposeofmaintainingits

territorialintegrity.

71.Socialsecurity

Asystembywhichthegovernmentpaysmoneytopeoplewhoareunemployed.

72.Publicadministration

Themanagementofpublicaffairs.

73.Justiceadministration

Themanagementofjusticeaffairs.

74.Education

Theprocessbywhichaperson'scharacteristicisdevelopedthroughteaching.

75.Publichealth

Theserviceprovidingmedicalcarefbrthepublic.

76.Socialwork

Theworkdonebythegovernmentororganizationstoimprovebadsocialconditions

andhelppeopleinneed.

77.Labor-intensiveindustry

Theindustrywhichneedsandusesalotofworkers.

78.Knowledge-intensiveindustry

Theindustrywhichneedslotsofinputsoftechnique.

79.Electronicindustry

Theindustrywhichusesorproducesbysuchequipmentasradio,TV,computer.

80.Elcctroniccomputerindustry

81.Informationtechnology

Thepracticeofusingcomputerstostoreinformation.

82.1nformationtechnologyindustry

Theindustrywhichisbasedoninformationtechnology.

83.Aviationindustry

Theindustrywhichinvolvestheproductionofaircraft.

84.Astronauticindustry

Theindustryinvolvestheproductionofspacecraft.

85.Atomicindustry

Giveanotherwayorotherwasofsayingeachofthefollowing：

Goods-*commodities

retail-*retaiItrade;retailbusiness

Concretegoodsrealgoods

Industrialsector-*secondarysector

Servicesector-*tertiarysector

Thirdindustry-*serviceindustry

Shop-*store

Mall->shoppingmall

Laundromatlaunderette

DIY一do-it-yourself

travelbureau-*travelagency

Expositionfacililies一exhibitionfacilities

High-techindustryhigh-techniqueindustry

Aircraftindustry-*aviationindustry

Spaceindustry->astronauticindustry

Answerthefollowingquestions:

1.whatarethethreecontrastingtypesofeconomicsystems?

Thetraditionalsystem,theadministratedsystem,themarketsystem.

2.Whatfixaperson'ssocialstatuswithintheeconomicsysteminatraditional

society?

Parentage,religionandcustom.

3.What'sthebasicfeatureofplannedeconomy?

Production,distributionandproductionarcallcontrolledbythegovernment.

4.Whafsthedifferencebetweenplannedeconomyandmarketeconomy?

Production,distributionandproductionareallcontrolledbythegovernment.

Production,distributionandproductionareadjustedbymarket.

5.Whyisitdifficultforpeopletomaketransactionsunderbartereconomy?

Findingsomeonewhowantstotradewithyoumaynotbeaneasytask.

6.Whafstherolethatmoneyplaysintransaction?

Amediumofexchange.

7.Whatisresponsibleforadjustingproduction,distributionandconsumptionunder

marketeconomy?

Market.

8.Whatarethe3sectorsofeconomy?

Theprimarysector,thesecondarysectorandthetertiarysector.

9.What'sthedifferencebetweentheindustrialsectorandtheservicesector?

Theindustrialsectorismainlyconcernedwiththemanufactureofgoodswhilethe

servicesectoroffersservicebyputtingproducersintouchwithconsumers,insteadof

producingormanufacturingbythemselves.

10.Whatdoeslogisticscontain?

Ordering,transportation,storage,warehouseJoadingandunloading,packing,processing

anddelivery.

1l.Whafsthediiferencebetweenwholesaleandretail?

Theactivityofbuyingandsellinggoodsinlargequantities&smallamounts.

12.Whafsthedifferencebetweenadepartmentstoreandasupermarket?

Differentkindsofgoods&allkindsiffoodandhouseholdgoods.

13.What'sthedifferencebetweenasupermarketandahypermarket?

allkindsiffoodandhouseholdgoods&averywiderangeofproducts.

14.Whatdoespublicutilityinclude?

Watersupply,naturalgassupply,electricityorpowersupply,busservice.

15.Whatdoconsumerservicecontain?

Cateringtrade,hoteltrade,laundry,dry-cleaningestablishment,

repairs,resorts,tourism,entertainment.

16.Whafsthedifferencebetweenalaundryandalaunderette?

Washitfbrpeople&washanddryontheirown(usingwashingmachine/driers).

17.What'sthedifferencebetweenalaundryandadry-cleaningshop?

Washinganddryingclothes&usingaliquidchemicalinsteadofwater.

18.Whatdoesbusinesstravelinclude?

Attendanceatconferences,exhibitions,tradefairsandotherbusinesssites.

19.Whatarethemainareasoffranchising?

Cleaningservices,filmprocessing,printshops,hairdressing,cosmetics,fitness

centres,courierdelivery,carrental,enginetuningandservicing,fastfoodretailing.

20.What'sthedifferencebetweenconsumerserviceandproducerservice?

Concernedwithconsumption/toserveconsumers;

Concernedwithproduction/toserveproducers.

21.Whatdoproducerservicecontain?

Accouniance,banking,managementconsultancy,marketresearch,

legaladvice,architectureandengineering.

22.Whatdoescomputingservicecompromise?

Thebusinessengagedinsoftwaredevelopment,productionofpackagedsoftware,data

processing,andtheprovisionofthecompletecomputersystems,theprovisionof

informationtechnologyeducationandtraining.

23.Whosupportsnonprofitsandgovernmentservice?

Thegovernment.

24.Whatarethepurposeofsocialsecurity?

Tohelpthepeopleinneed,reducepoverty,andpromoteincentivestowork.

25.Whafsthedifferencebetweenthelabor-intensiveindustryandthe

knowledge-intensiveindustry?

Thelabor-intensiveindustryischaracterizedwithlargeinputsoflaborandcapital

insteadofknowledge.Theknowl