备战2025年高考英语易错题（新高考专用）易错点17 阅读理解：主旨大意题（大陷阱）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题含答案

备战2025年高考英语易错题（新高考专用）易错点17阅读理解：主旨大意题（大陷阱）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题含答案易错点17阅读理解主旨大意题目录01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02举一反三【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。【分析】标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。她的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词。此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。【分析】每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的。此时，要注意转折词，如：but,however,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary等。【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点【例1】（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Thescientist’sjobistofigureouthowtheworldworks,to“torture(拷问)”Naturetorevealhersecrets,asthe17thcenturyphilosopherFrancisBacondescribedit.Butwhoarethesepeopleinthelabcoats(orsportsjackets,orT-shirtsandjeans)andhowdotheywork?Itturnsoutthatthereisagooddealofmysterysurroundingthemystery-solvers.“Oneofthegreatestmysteriesisthequestionofwhatitisabouthumanbeings—brains,education,cultureetc.thatmakesthemcapableofdoingscienceatall,”saidColinAllen,acognitivescientistatIndianaUniversity.Twovitalingredientsseemtobenecessarytomakeascientist:thecuriositytoseekoutmysteriesandthecreativitytosolvethem.“Scientistsexhibitaheightenedlevelofcuriosity,”readsa2007reportonscientificcreativity.“Theygofurtheranddeeperintobasicquestionsshowingapassionforknowledgeforitsownsake.”MaxPlanck,oneofthefathersofquantumphysics,oncesaid,thescientist“musthaveavividandintuitiveimagination,fornewideasarenotgeneratedbydeduction(推论),butbyanartisticallycreativeimagination.”......ongasourbesttechnologyforseeinginsidethebrainrequiressubjectstolienearlymotionlesswhilesurroundedbyagiantmagnet,we’reonlygoingtomakelimitedprogressonthesequestions,”Allensaid.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?WhoAreTheMystery-solvers B．ScientistsAreNotBornButMadeC．GreatMystery:WhatMakesAScientist D．SolvingMysteries:InsideAScientist'sMind【变式1】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyou'reunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires—notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon'thaveenoughtastes.

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹没)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.

Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion(豪宅),aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.

Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings.Ifyouonlyunderstoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyastofindplentyofhamburgersandeggswhenyou'rehungry.

Literature,classicliterature,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhourofrestandrefreshment.Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarichperson,forarichpersonisnotsomeonewhohasalibrarybutwholikesalibrary.

MusiclikeMozart'sandBach'sshouldn'tbeabsent.Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyou'vebroughtthatspirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhaveincreasedyourthrillsandbetteredthem.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.

Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemorehuman,andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,playedabit.

Whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HouseofLife B．SecretofWealthC．RestandRefreshment D．InterestandEnthusiasm【变式2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）Well,topickupwhereweleftofflasttime.I’mcertainthatyouknowalltoowellthedangershidingontheWorldWideWeb.Andwhetherit’sforschoolwork,entertainment,orjustsocializingwithfriends,theInternetwillsurelybeamajorpartofyourchild’slife.So,it’simportanttosecuretheironlinestays.It’snottheeasiestthing,butkeepingopenlinesofcommunicationisprimary.Letthemknowtheycansharetheironlineactivitieswithyou.Talktothemabouttheironlinepresenceasearlyaspossible,ideallybeforetheybegintouseemail,socialmedia,orasmartphone.Discusswhattheyfindinterestingonlineandlearningfromthemaboutpopularwebsitesandapps;thiswillcreateunderstandingandallowyoutoidentifypotentialrisks.Next,monitorwithoutspying.Mostkidslearntounderstandboundaries,likerespectingothers’personalspace,ornotopeningthecookiejarwithoutasking.Internetuseisnodifferent.It’shelpfulforkidstohavegroundrulesastowhichwebsitestheycanvisit,whichappstheycanuse,andwhattheycanshareonline.Remindthemthatiftheyfeeluneasywithanythingthatoccursonline,theyneedtoalertanadultimmediately.......Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhatIsHiddenontheNet? B．HowtoMakeOnlineStays?C．BeaSmarterInternetUser D．KeepYourKidsSafeOnline【变式3】（福建省泉州科技中学2023年高三试题）Stuckinsidehisroomatanassistedlivingcenter,BobColemanknewhecouldnotgooutinpublicwiththeepidemic(疫).Buthewasnotcutofffromoutside:hesharedhisloveforcountrymusicovertheInternet.“Hello,everybody.It’sabrightdayinTennessee,”hesaidintohismicrophone.“ThisisBobColeman,comingtoyoufromRoom3325…”.

ThenColemanbegantoplaythemusicheloves-hitsfromcountrymusicstars.The88-year-oldcarefullychooseseachsong.ColemanandseveralotherretireeshaveturnedintoDJs(流行音乐播音员),foranewonlineradiohourknownas“RadioRecliner.”AmarketingcompanycalledLuckiecameupwiththeideaofRadioRecliner.Listenerscansendsongrequestsinhonoroffamilyorfriends.Forexample,listenersmighthearamessagelikethis:“Hey,Granny.ThisisyourfavoritegranddaughterAmy.Wejustwantedtocallinandsayweloveyou.”The60-minuteshowstartedwithretireesinmiddleTennessee.Ithassinceexpanded,withresidentsofassisted-livingcentersinotherstatestakingpartintheproject.ManyjumpedatthechancetoworkasaDJtoeasethelonelinessofsocialdistancingrules.MitchBennettservesasLuckie’schiefcreativeofficer.Hesaystheideawastoprovideasenseofcommunitytoolderpeople.“Forthisgeneration,radiowastheoriginalsocialmedia,”Bennettsaid,“Dedicatingasongtosomeoneyouloveandhavingthemhearitalongwitheveryoneelseisaspecialwayofconnecting.”InGeorgia,80-year-oldEdRosenblatt,whohadmadefullpreparationsforhisshow,saidanhourhespentplayingsongsonRadioReclinerresultedinafloodoftextmessages,emailsandcallsfromfamilyandfriends,andmanyofthemessageswerefrompeoplehehadnotheardfromforyears.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．OlderAdultsNeedMoreCareDuringtheEpidemicB．OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,TurnIntoDJsC．OlderAdultsWereBusyWithMusicDuringtheEpidemicD．OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,ShowMusicTalents【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点【例2】（江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）AsakidgrowingupinasuburbofLondon.Ilovedtogolookingfortheperfectparkbench.SomeSundaymornings,mydadcouldbepersuadedtodrivetonewparks.We’dhaveakick-aroundwithasoccerball,shareabagofDoritosandcheckoutallthebenchesinthearea,readingthewordsonthem.Thegoodparkbenchleavesmeinastate,somewherebetweennostalgia(怀旧)andeageranticipation.WhereonceIwasexcitedbythewordscarvedonwood,Inowfind,asa10-year-old,thatI’mmoreappreciativeofeachbench’squietstoicism(坦然淡定),thewaytheyarewillingtowaitouttheirturnineveryweather,remainingavailabletoall-comers.Likeagoodbookorpieceofmusic,aparkbenchallowsforasenseofsolitude(独处)andcommunityatthesametime,whichiscrucialtolifeinagreatcity.Partofmyobsessionwithparkbenchesisasspaceswherehistorysettles.Byplantingseedsofcuriosity,andmakingspaceforreflection,parkbenchesbecomedoorstothepast.Maybethat’sthegreatestpoweroftheparkbench:itscapacityencouragestheartofobservation.Agoodbenchcatchesusinourquietest,mostvulnerable(脆弱的)moments,whenwemaybeopentoimaginingnewnarrativesandrevisitingoldones.Ourmasksaretakenoff,hungfromthebench’swroughtiron.Onothernearbybenches,babiesarebeingburped.Glancesexchanged.Sandwicheseaten.Newspapersreadit.......Whichaspectofparkbenchesdoesparagraph3focuson?A．Design. B．History. C．Location. D．Power.【变式1】（重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高考适应性试题）TheYurokpeoplehavelivedalongtheKlamathRiver,whichflowsfromtheCascadesinOregonsouthwestthroughNorthernCalifornia,forthousandsofyears,protectingtheregionandriverfromwhichthey—andothers—drawsustenance(生计).Butasdevelopmentandpollutioncontinuetoreducethenumberoffishintheriverandthequantityandqualityofitswaters,theYurokTribeislegalizing(合法化)thetribe’slongstandingcarebygrantingtheRightsofPersonhoodtotheKlamath,thefirstriverinNorthAmericatohavesuchrightsdeclared.......Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Theprocessoflegalization. B．ThetraditionofYuroktribe.C．Thereasonbehindthelegalization. D．TheimportanceoftheKlamathRiver.【变式2】（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）Theterm“beergoggles”issaidtohavebeencoinedbymaleNorthAmericanuniversitystudentsinthe1980s.Yetdespiteunconfirmedevidenceforthephenomenon,thelinkbetweenalcoholintoxication(醉酒)andphysicalattractionhasnotbeensystematicallystudied.ProfBowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburghinvited18pairsofmalefriendsintothelaboratorytoratetheattractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos.Ononeoccasion,bothmenweregivenenoughcranberryjuicetoraisetheirbloodalcoholconcentrationtoabout0.08%-thelegallimitfordrivinginEngland—andontheotheroccasion,theybothreceivedanon-alcoholicdrink.Afterprovidingattractivenessratingsforthephotos,theywereaskedtoselectwhichoftheseindividualstheywouldmostliketointeractwithinafutureexperiment.......Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Thecomparisonoftwoexperiments.B．TheprocessofBowdring’sexperiment.C．Theunderlyinglogicofbeergoggleseffect.D．Themethodsofappreciatingattractiveness.【变式3】（广东省珠海市第三中学2023年高三试题）......Inmytwenties,whenIwasalmostconstantlyinastateofanxiety,Ineverwentonholiday.Iwasscaredofflying,scaredofmybossnoticinghowmuchnicerlifewaswithoutmeintheoffice.Ithoughtnotgoingonholidaymademeaharderworker,whenactuallyitjustmademeamoretiredone.Then,abosspulledmeasidetotellmethathewasn’tgoingtothankmefornottakingmyholidays.Ithenbookedacheapbeachholidaywithafriend,andwasgenuinelyamazedtofindIfeltmuchbetterforit.......Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thebenefittheauthorobtainedfromtravelling.B．Thesourceoftheauthor’sstressduringofficehours.C．Thechangeoftheauthor’sattitudetotakingholidays.D．Thereasonwhytheauthortriedtobeaharderworker.【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点【例3】（江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）Newbio-plasticsarebeingmadeinlaboratoriesfromstraw,woodchipsandfoodwaste,withresearchersaimingtoreplaceoilasthesourceoftheworld’splastic.Thenewapproachesincludegeneticallymodifyingbacteriatoeatwoodandproduceusefulchemicals.Butthebio-plasticsarecurrentlysignificantlymoreexpensivetomakethanfossilfuel-basedplastics.Landandseasaroundtheworld,fromhighmountainstodeepoceans,havebecomepollutedwithplastic,promptingmajorpublicconcern.Theworldhasproduced8bntonsofplasticsincethe1950sanddemandisstillrising.Whilesomewasteplasticisrecycled,muchofitisburnttoproduceelectricity,resultingincarbonemissionsthatdriveclimatechange.Incontrasttoplasticmadefromoil,plasticsmadefromplant-basedmaterialsonlyreleasethecarbontheplantsabsorbedfromtheairastheygrew.Bio-plasticswillalsogivemoreoptionsforproductsthatbiodegrade(生物降解)intheenvironment,althoughtheycanbemadeverylong-lastingifrequired.“Plasticsareanincredibleenhancementtoourdailylives,”saidPaulMines,CEOofBiomeTechnologiesintheUK,whichhasspentt5minthelastfiveyearsonbio-plasticsresearch.“Butwecan’tgoonusingfossilfuel-basedmaterials.About6-7%ofeverybarrel(桶)ofoilisusedtomakeplastics.”“Usingplantmaterialsisfeasible,”saidprofessorSimon,attheUniversityofYork.“Replacinghalfofthenation’splasticbottlescouldbedoneusingjust3%ofthesugarbeetcrop,5%ofwheatstrawor2.5%offoodwaste,”hesaid.Currently,justafewthousandtonsofbio-plasticareusedintheUKeachyear,comparedtomillionsoftonsofconventionalplastic.Minessaidthiscouldrisetoabout20,000tonsinthenextfiveyears.......Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Plasticsarcnecessaryindailylife. B．Oilisthesourceoftheworld’splastic.C．Bioplasticmakingisapromisingindustry. D．Scientistsareresearchingbioplasticmaking.【变式1】（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren’sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis(催眠)canreducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging(医学影像)procedures.“Duringtheexaminationchildrendon’tmove.Itworksperfectly.It’samazing,”saidJohanneL’Ecuyer,amedical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsaredoneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia(麻醉).AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist-wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthemedical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren’shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheprojectbetweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.......Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.B．Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.C．Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.D．Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.【变式2】（2023年全国高三专练）Inpreviousrecessions(经济衰退),billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittookalmostthreeyearsforForbes’s400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008’sGreatRecession.Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore.BillionairesincreasedtheirnewbillionsjustasmillionsofotherAmericansranintoterriblefinancialproblems.Morethan20millionpeoplelosttheirjobsatthestartofthepandemic.Foodbanksacrossthecountryarepreparingforanothergreatincreaseindemand.WhyareAmericanbillionairesdoingsowellwhilesomanyotherAmericanssuffer?Peoplemayfindpartofthereasonsfromthefollowingfact.Stocks(股票)areoverwhelminglyownedbythewealthy,andthestockmarkethasrecoveredfromitsearly-pandemicdepthsmuchmorequicklythanotherpartsoftheeconomy.......Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?A．FoodbanksarenotenoughintheUnitedStates.B．Therichestkeptgettingrichereveninthepandemic.C．Thestockmarketrecoveredbeforethepandemicstarted.D．400richestpeoplerecoveredfromlossesinthepandemic.【变式3】（2022年江苏高三校考）Lightpollutionisasignificantbutoverlookeddriveroftherapiddeclineofinsectpopulations,accordingtothemostcomprehensivereviewofthescientificevidencetodate.Artificiallightatnightcanaffecteveryaspectofinsects'lives,theresearcherssaid."Westronglybelieveartificiallightatnight—incombinationwithhabitatloss,chemicalpollution.invasive(入侵的)species,andclimatechange—isdrivinginsectdeclines,"thescientistsconcludedafterassessingmorethan150studies.Insectpopulationcollapseshavebeenreportedaroundtheworld,andthefirstglobalscientificreviewpublishedinFebruary,saidwidespreaddeclinesthreatenedtocausea"catastrophiccollapseofnature'secosystems".Therearethoughttobemillionsofinsectspecies,moststillunknowntoscience,andabouthalfareactiveatnight.Thoseactiveinthedaymayalsobedisturbedbylightatnightwhentheyareatrest.Themostfamiliarimpactoflightpollutionismoths(飞蛾)flappingaroundabulb,mistakingitforthemoon.Someinsectsusethepolarisationoflighttofindthewatertheyneedtobreed,aslightwaveslineupafterreflectingfromasmoothsurface.Butartificiallightcanscupper(使泡汤)this.Insectsareimportantprey(猎物)formanyspecies,butlightpollutioncantipthebalanceinfavourofthepredatorifittrapsinsectsaroundlights.Suchincreasesinpredationriskwerelikelytocausetherapidextinctionofaffectedspecies,theresearcherssaid.Theresearcherssaidmosthuman-causedthreatstoinsectshaveanaloguesinnature,suchasclimatechangeandinvasivespecies.Butlightpollutionisparticularlyhardforinsectstodealwith.However,unlikeotherdriversofdecline,lightpollutionisrelativelyeasytoprevent.Simplyturningofflightsthatarenotneededisthemostobviousaction,hesaid,whilemakinglightsmotion-activatedalsocutslightpollution.Shadinglightssoonlytheareaneededislitupisimportant.Itisthesamewithavoidingblue-whitelights,whichinterferewithdailyrhythms.LEDlightsalsoofferhopeastheycanbeeasilytunedtoavoidharmfulcoloursandflickerrates.Whatisdiscussedinthepassage?A．Causesofdeclininginsectpopulations.B．Consequencesofinsectpopulationcollapses.C．Lightpollution:thekeybringerofinsectdeclines.D．Insectdeclines:thedriverofthecollapsedecosystem.（2023年新高考I卷）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.......Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation. B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.（2023年高考浙江卷）AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.32．Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A．Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.B．Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C．Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.D．Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.33．WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A．Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B．Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C．Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.34．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A．Toconservepollinators. B．Torestrictsolardevelopment.C．Todiversifytheeconomy. D．Toensurethesupplyofenergy.35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStay B．SolarEnergy:HopefortheFutureC．InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgriculture D．SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment3.（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Theconventionalwisdomaboutinsectshasbeenthattheyareunthinking,unfeelingcreatureswhosebehaviorisentirelyhardwired(天生的).Butinthe1990sresearchersbeganmakingsurprisingdiscoveriesaboutinsectminds.Somespeciesofwasps(黄蜂)recognizetheirnestmates’facesandacquireimpressivesocialskills.Forexample,theycaninferthefightingstrengthsofotherwaspsrelativetotheirownjustbywatchingotherwaspsfightamongthemselves.Giventhesubstantialworkonthecomplexityofinsectcognition(认知),itmightseemsurprisingthatittookscientistssolongtoaskwhether,iftheyarethatsmart,couldalsobesentient,capableoffeeling.Sincewehavenodirectwindowintotheinnerworldofananimalthatcannotverballycommunicateitsthoughtsandfeelings,thequestionofwhetherinsectsaresentientremainedacademic.15yearsago,Iperformedanexperimentinwhichweaskedwhetherbumblebeescouldlearnaboutthreatfromtheirnaturalenemies.Webuiltaplasticspidermodelwithamechanismthatwouldbrieflytrapabumblebeebetweentwospongesbeforereleasingit.Thebumblebeesshowedasignificantchangeintheirbehaviorafterbeingattackedbytheroboticspider.Perhapsunsurprisingly,theylearnedtoavoidflowerswithspidersandmeticulouslyscannedeveryflowerbeforelanding.Curiously,however,theysometimesevenfledfromimaginarythreats,scanningandthenabandoningaperfectlysafe,spider-freeflower.Althoughthisincidentalobservationdidnotconstituteformalevidenceofanemotionlikestate,itdidopenthedoortotheideathatsuchstatesmightexistininsects.Someresearchsuggestedthatinsectsmighthavepositivestatesofmind.Researchersdiscoveredthatbeesactivelyseekoutdrugssuchasnicotineandcaffeinewhengiventhechoiceandeventreatthemselveswithnicotinewhensick.Malefruitfliesstressedbybeingrobbedofmatingopportunitiespreferfoodcontainingalcohol,andbeesevenshowwithdrawalsymptomswhenremovedfromanalcohol-richdiet.Whywouldinsectsconsumemind-alteringsubstancesifthereisn'tamindtoalter?Butthesesuggestivehintsofnegativeandpositivemindstatesstillfellshortofwhatwasneededtodemonstratethatinsectsaresentient.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A．Whatinsects'variousbehaviorcanreveal.B．Howinsectscommunicatetheirthoughts.C．Whatamazingpowersinsectspossess.D．Whetherinsectsarecapableoffeeling.4.（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）......Assumingalcoholdoesenhancethelikelihoodofapersoninteractingwithsomeonetheyfindattractive.Bowdringbelievesherfindingscouldrevealoneprocesssupportingtherewardingyetpotentiallydangerousnatureofalcohol-includingitsimpactonriskybehaviour.“Ifyou’regoingtoconsumealcohol,Ithinkitisworthreflectingonhowcanyoudoitinawaythat’ssafeandconsistentwithyourgoals,”Bowdringsaid.“Peoplemaybenefitbyrecognizingthatvaluedsocialmotivationsandintentionschangewhendrinking,inwaysthatmaybeappealingintheshorttermbutpossiblyharmfulinthelongterm.”WhatdoesBowdringmainlytalkaboutinthelastparagraph?A．Thesignificanceofherresearch.B．Reflectiononherpreviousresearch.C．Thenegativeeffectsofdrinking.D．Socialmoralityandstandards.5.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）Inthelate1990s,ascientistnamedMarkBlumbergstoodinalabattheUniversityofIowawatchingafewsleepingnewlybornrats.Hefoundthatthebabyratskeptmakingsmall,sharpmovementsintheirsleep,andthattheirclosedeyesmovedfromsidetosideinaphenomenonknownasrapideyemovement(REM).Blumbergknewthattheratswerefine,becauseheknewpeopledothesameduringREMsleep.Andscientistshavelonghadanexplanationforthetwitches(抽动)andREM:Theyaredreamingabouttheirwakinglife.However,ashedugdeeper,hewonderedwhyadultratsspendonlyabouttwohoursofeachnightinREMsleep,whilebabyratsspendanunusualamountoftimeinREM,oftensleepingforsixteenhoursadayanddreamingforeight.“Ifdreamsarehintsofwakinglife,adultratswhohavemoreexperiencesshouldspendmoretimeinREMsleep.Whydobabyrats,whoseeyesarestillshut,spendsomuchtimeinREMsleepwhentheyhavetoolittletodreamabout?”