2022届陕西省瑞泉中学高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题解析版

2022届陕西省瑞泉中学高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题考前须知:1.本试卷共12页,全卷总分值150分,答题时间为120分钟2.答卷前,考生须准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号,并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号3.本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大局部组成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂,非选择题必须使用毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写,涂写要工整、清晰;4.考试结束,监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。第一局部听力〔共两节，总分值30分〕做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题上。第一节〔共5小题；每题分，总分值分〕听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatisHelenjuststartingtolearnfortheproject?A.English.B.German.C.Danish2.Whowillthewomanhavedinnerwithtonight?A.Tommy'sfamilyB.HergrandmotherC.HercolleaguesinShanghai.3.Wherearethespeakersrightnow?A.InPhiladelphia.B.InChicago.C.InDenver.4.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutLewis?A.Proud.C.Embarrassed.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Trainerandtrainee.C.Parentandchild第二节〔共15小题；每题分，总分值分〕听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6、7题。6.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthestore'ssetup?A.It'ssurprising.B.It'sconvenient.C.It'sold-fashioned.7.Wherecanthewomanfindwood?A.OnShelf24.B.OnShelf23.C.OnShelf3.听第7段材料，答复第8至10题。8.Whyisthewomanannoyed?A.Shehastoomanydetailstoarrange.B.Shestillhastotakemanylanguagetests.C.Shehastopayanagencyhundredsofdollars.9.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheagencies?A.Theycanonlydohalfthejob.B.Theyareworththemoney.C.Theywon'tbeasefficientasthewomanis.10.Wherewillthemanstudyabroad?A.InCanada.B.IntheUnitedKingdom.C.IntheUnitedStates.听第8段材料，答复第11至13题。11.Whyshouldn'tthewomanpetthedog?A.Thedogisblind.B.Thedogisperformingaservice.C.Thedogdoesn'tlikestrangers.12.What'swrongwiththeman?A.Hecannotsee.B.Hecannothearwell.C.Hecannotwalkverywell.13.Howlongdidittaketotrainthedog?A.Sixweeks.B.SixmonthsC.Tenmonths.听第9段材料，答复第14至16题。14.HowlonghasthemanlivedinChicago?A.Fortwoyears.B.Foroneyear.C.Forhalfayear.doesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Callherfriendstohelphim.B.IntroducehimtoherfriendJohn.C.Organizeaget-togetherforhim.16.Wheredoesthemanliketomeetpeople?A.AtworkC.Atparties听第10段材料，答复第17至20题。17.Accordingtothetalk,whatistheGreatWallMarathonknownfor?A.Itsdifficulty.B.Itslongdistance.C.Itsendlessscenery.18.Whatarethecolorsignsusedfor?A.Tellingtherunnershowfartheyhavecome.lingtherunnerswherethemedicalteamis.C.Tellingtherunnershowtofindthewaterstation19.Howfarmustahalfmarathonrunnergobeforethefirstwaterstation?A.Onekilometer.B.Twokilometers.C.Fourkilometers.20.Whatshouldrunnersbeverycarefulabout?A.Fastrunners.B.Carsontheroad.C.Gettingtoothirsty第二局部阅读理解〔共两节，总分值40分〕第一节〔共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。ABookReviewsWillH’sReviewsDearEarthlingByPenAvey｜Publisher:CommonDeerPressReview:Thisbookisaboutfriendsgivingadviceandsendingadvicetooneanotherbyletter.Ilikethebookbecauseitisfunny.Theauthordescribesthecharactersverywellandtheyareverybelievable.Ialsoliketheauthor'swritingstyle.Lexi'sReviewsTheMiracleofHanukkahByMalachyDoyle｜Publisher:BloomsburyEducationReview:IlikethisbookandthewayittellsthestoryofHanukkah.WedidreadthestoryofHanukkahatschoolinyearlinREandsolhaveknownsomeofthisalready.Itisnicetohearthestoryagainandremindmeofthespecialwordslike“Menorah"whichIhaveforgotten.Lenny'sReviewsTheDogonByJoanneWhite｜Publisher:OtherReview:Thisstoryisreallyfunandit'scoolhowthedogisadragonatnight.Itisaniceshortstorytoreadbeforebedandmyclassfiendsenjoythebook.Charlotte'sReviewsQueenofDarknessByTonyBradman｜Publisher:BloomsburyEducationReview:IenjoythisbookverymuchbutitcanbetooscaryifIamyoungerthan7yearsold.ItisaninterestingwaytolearnaboutBoudicaandBritishhistory.Thebookisexcitingandunpredictable.ThemaincharacterisRihannaandIfindherveryreliable.1.WhydoesWilllikethebookDearEarthling?A.Itofferedmuchadvicetohim. B.It’sinterestingandwellwritten.C.Heonceheardthestoryinit. D.Helikestheunreliablecharacters.2.Whosebookmayinterestanimallovers?A.PenAvey's. B.MalachyDoyle's. C.JoanneWhite's. D.TonyBradman's.3.Whichbookisprobablyfrighteningwhenkidsarereadingit?A.DearEarthling. B.TheMiracleofHanukkahC.TheDogon. D.QueenofDarkness.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是四那么书的书评，介绍了书名、作者和评价内容。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据WillH’sReviews局部中“Ilikethebookbecauseitisfunny.Theauthordescribesthecharactersverywellandtheyareverybelievable.(我喜欢这本书，因为它很有趣。作者把人物描写得很好，他们非常可信)〞可知，Will喜欢DearEarthling因为很有趣，写得也很好。应选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Lenny'sReviews局部中“Thisstoryisreallyfunandit'scoolhowthedogisadragonatnight.Itisaniceshortstorytoreadbeforebedandmyclassfiendsenjoythebook.(这个故事真的很有趣，狗在晚上变成龙的样子也很酷。这是一个很好的短篇故事，可以在睡觉前阅读，我的班级朋友喜欢这本书)〞可知，JoanneWhite的书可能会让动物爱好者感兴趣。应选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Charlotte'sReviews局部中“IenjoythisbookverymuchbutitcanbetooscaryifIamyoungerthan7yearsold.(我非常喜欢这本书，但如果我不到7岁，它可能太吓人了)〞可知，QueenofDarkness可能会让孩子们害怕。应选D。BBenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel’shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged〔蓬乱〕.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings〔版画〕byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin’sparentsifhemighttaketheboytoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,＂Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.＂Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Benjamin’svisittoPhiladelphia.B.Williams’influenceonBenjamin.C.ThebeginningofBenjamin’slifeasanartist.D.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.6.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.7.Williams’twobookshelpedBenjaminto_____________.A.mastertheuseofpaintsB.appreciatelandscapepaintingsC.gettoknowotherpaintersD.makeuphismindtobeapainter【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.D【解析】【分析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。【4题详解】C中心思想题，文章主要介绍了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定成为一名画家之前的生活经历，应选C.【5题详解】推理判断题，此句是第三段的首句，所以可根据第三段的大意来推断这句话想要告诉我们什么，这段主要讲了Benjamin的一个表哥由于被Benjamin的绘画才能所打动，所以就送给他一些颜料和一些真正的画笔，所以划线句“猫的境地将要得到改善〞是说明Benjamin很快有了真正的画笔，所以不用剪猫的毛来做画笔了，应选D.【6题详解】B细节理解题，根据最后一段“Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings〞,可知Pennington为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，应选B.【7题详解】D细节理解题，根据最后一段“Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist,可知：这两本书帮助Benjamin坚决了自己成为一名画家的决心，应选D.【名师点睛】本文后两个小题考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如小题23中的D项“Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings〞属于“偷梁换柱〞类干扰项，根据第三段第五句“Healsosentsixengravingsbyanartist〞可知“这些版画是Pennington送给Benjamin的〞，并非是Pennington教Benjamin如何画版画，说明D项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法通常有以下几种方式：

1.

张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。

2.

偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大局部相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。

3.

无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的根本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。

4.

以偏概全。考生在做猜想文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解那么是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。考点：考查记叙文阅读CAnewstudy,outofJapan'sFukuokaUniversityandpresentedattheAmericanAcademyofNeurology's72ndAnnualMeetinginApril,2021,issointeresting.TheresearchersfoundthatplayingpingpongmayleadtosignificantimprovementsinParkinson'ssymptoms.“Pingpong,whichisalsocalledtabletennis,isaformofaerobic(有氧的)exercisethathasbeenshowninthegeneralpopulationtoimprovehand-eyecoordination,sharpenreflexes,andstimulatethebrain,"saidstudyauthorKen-ichiInoue,M.D.,ofFukuokaUniversity.“WewantedtoexamineifpeoplewithParkinson'sdiseasewouldseesimilarbenefitsthatmayinturnreducesomeoftheirsymptoms."Thestudyincluded12people(anaverageageof73)withmildtomoderateParkinson'sdisease,whohadbeendiagnosedwithParkinson'sforsevenyearsonaverage.Theparticipantsweretestedatthebeginningofthestudytoassessthetypeanddegreeofsymptomstheyhad.Theythenhadapingpongsessiononceaweek.ThesessionsincludedstretchingexercisesandspecificpingpongexercisesledbyexperiencedtabletennisplayersfromthedepartmentofSportsScienceofFukuokaUniversity.Thesymptomswerethenassessedagainatthreemonthsandsixmonths(attheendofthestudy),andduringthatperiodparticipantsexperiencedsignificantimprovementsinspeech,handwriting,gettingdressed,gettingoutofbedandwalking.Forexample,ittookparticipantsanaverageofmorethantwoattemptstogetoutofbedatthebeginningofthestudycomparedtoanaverageofoneattemptattheendofthestudy.Theyalsohadsignificantimprovementsinfacialexpression,posture,rigidity(僵硬),slownessofmovementandhandtrembles.“Whilethisstudyissmall,theresultsareencouragingbecausetheyshowpingpong,arelativelyinexpensiveformoftherapy,mayimprovesomesymptomsofParkinson'sdisease,〞saidInoue.“Amuchlargerstudyisnowbeingplannedtoconfirmthesefindings.〞8.Whydoestheauthorfeelthenewstudyisinteresting?A.Pingpongisasportofgreatinterest.B.Theprocessofthestudyiseasyandrelaxing.C.Thecombinationbetweensportsanddiseasesisfunny.DItexcitescuriositythatpingpongshouldimproveParkinson's.9.Whichaspectdothe12participantshaveincommon?A.Age. B.Gender. C.Disease. D.Degree.10.Howmanytimeshavetheparticipantsbeenassessedaltogether?A.1. B.2. C.3. D.4.11.WhatwillInoueprobablydonextaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Tryothersportstodrawnewconclusions.B.Getmorepeopleinvolvedtofurtherprovethefindings.C.Expandtherangeofdiseasestomatchwithpingpong.D.Findoutmoreconnectionsbetweensportsanddiseases.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本福冈大学的一项新研究。研究人员发现，打乒乓球可能会显著改善帕金森症的病症。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Anewstudy,outofJapan'sFukuokaUniversityandpresentedattheAmericanAcademyofNeurology's72ndAnnualMeetinginApril,2021,issointeresting.TheresearchersfoundthatplayingpingpongmayleadtosignificantimprovementsinParkinson'ssymptoms.(日本福冈大学在2021年4月举行的美国神经学学会第72届年会上发表的一项新研究非常有趣。研究人员发现，打乒乓球可能会显著改善帕金森症的病症)〞可推知，作者认为这项新研究很有趣，因为用打乒乓球这种廉价的方式可以改善帕金森症，它激起了人们的好奇和兴致。应选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thestudyincluded12people(anaverageageof73)withmildtomoderateParkinson'sdisease,whohadbeendiagnosedwithParkinson'sforsevenyearsonaverage.Theparticipantsweretestedatthebeginningofthestudytoassessthetypeanddegreeofsymptomstheyhad.(这项研究包括12名患有轻度至中度帕金森病的人〔平均年龄73岁〕，他们被诊断患有帕金森病的平均时间为7年。在研究开始时，参与者接受了测试，以评估他们的病症的类型和程度)〞可知，这12个参与者都患有帕金森病。应选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theparticipantsweretestedatthebeginningofthestudytoassessthetypeanddegreeofsymptomstheyhad.(在研究开始时，参与者接受了测试，以评估他们的病症的类型和程度)〞及第四段中的“Thesymptomswerethenassessedagainatthreemonthsandsixmonths(attheendofthestudy),(然后在三个月和六个月〔在研究结束时〕再次评估病症)〞可知，参加实验的人员测试周期为6个月，分别在开始、第3个月和第6个月〔结束时〕进行3次评估。应选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Amuchlargerstudyisnowbeingplannedtoconfirmthesefindings.(一项更大规模的研究正在方案中，以证实这些发现)〞可推知，Inoue可能会让更多的人参与进来进一步证明研究结果。应选B。DWearedoomed(注定遭殃):Robotswillstealourjobs;Artificialintelligence(AI)willcorruptourfreewill;Wearetobeslavestomachines.EconomistAndyHaldanewarnsthatlargenumbersofcurrentlaborwilldisappearasAItakesover.ButnoonepredictsthatAImightbegoodnews.Currently,thereare90,000vacanciesinsocialcareand24,000innursing.AlaborshortageinBritishsocialserviceshasrisenfrom7%sixyearsagoto11%today.Educationissufferinglikewise.TheideathatAI,robotsand3Dcomputerprintingwillmaketheseboomingindustriesunnecessaryissilly.Clearly,newtechnologywillmechanise(使机械化)anumberofactivities.Asthroughouthistory,innovationrequireslabormarketstochangeandpeopletoretrain.Therealityofeconomichistoryisthattechnologyandtrademakeforshort-termdisruption(扰乱).Butwesurvivedandlivedwellasnewneedsandjobsappeared.Thelatestphrase,the“fourthindustrialrevolution〞,supposedlydescribesanewdigitalage.Ifthereistobeafourthrevolution,itwillbethecompleteopposite,areversion(倒退)totheeconomyofhumanexperience.Thedigitalagewillsatisfyourlife,freeingupleisuretimeforactivitiesthatarealreadyingreatdemand.Thesecovereverythingfromhealth,beauty,travel,food,theartsandentertainmenttosocialwork,thecareofchildrenandtheelderly.Theseserviceindustriesessentiallyinvolvehumanrelationships.Theycannotbedonebyrobotsormachines.Theyarelabor-intensiveandtheyarecostly,whetherintheprivateorpublicsector.Theyarealsobooming.Leisureandtravelissecondinvalueonlytofinancialservices.EconomistsinterestedinmanufacturingstatisticswoulddobettertowelcomeAIasreleasingworkersintotheexperienceeconomy.Theyshoulddiscusshowwearegoingtopayforthem,especiallythoseconcentratedinthepublicsector.Theyshouldstopencouragingpeopleintojobprotectionism.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Worriesthathumanbeingsaredoomed.BReasonswhyhumanbeingsaredoomedC.Warningsthathumanbeingsaredoomed.D.Doubtsastowhetherhumanbeingsaredoomed.13Whatwillhappenifnewtechnologiesbecomepopular?A.Itwillreplacehumanscompletely.B.Peoplewillbeslavestomachines.C.Workerswillhavetoupgradeskills.D.Labormarketswillremainunchanged.14.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedigitalage?A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful. C.Critical. D.Worried.15.Whatdoestheauthorargueinthetext?A.Peoplearefascinatedbyrobots.B.Robotsshouldbepaidlikehumans.C.Effortsmustbemadetoprotectworkers.D.It'ssillytoworryaboutrobotsstealingourjobs.【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。在信息时代的今天，随着人工智能和机器人技术的开展，许多人开始担忧自己的工作将会被机器取代。本文作者却直指这种想法的愚蠢荒唐，并提出技术开展所产生的新需求和新工作将保障人类的生存和开展，通过劳动力市场转移和劳动力再培训，人们终将重新找到适合自己的工作岗位。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wearedoomed(注定遭殃):Robotswillstealourjobs;Artificialintelligence(AI)willcorruptourfreewill;Wearetobeslavestomachines.(我们注定遭殃：机器人会偷走我们的工作；人工智能〔AI〕会腐蚀我们的自由意志；我们将成为机器的奴隶)〞可知，第一段以悲观者的口吻描述对科技开展的看法，表达人们对这些新技术的畏惧、恐慌和担忧。应选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Clearly,newtechnologywillmechanise(使机械化)anumberofactivities.Asthroughouthistory,innovationrequireslabormarketstochangeandpeopletoretrain.(显然，新技术将使许多活动机械化。纵观历史，创新需要劳动力市场的改变和人才的再培训)〞可知，如果新技术流行起来，工人必须提高技能。应选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“TheideathatAI,robotsand3Dcomputerprintingwillmaketheseboomingindustriesunnecessaryissilly.(认为人工智能、机器人和3D电脑打印将使这些蓬勃开展的行业变得没有必要的想法是愚蠢的)〞及最后一段中的“EconomistsinterestedinmanufacturingstatisticswoulddobettertowelcomeAIasreleasingworkersintotheexperienceeconomy.(痴迷于制造业统计数据的经济学家应该欢送人工智能技术，因为它使工人得以解放从而投入到体验经济中)〞可推知，作者对数字时代持乐观态度。应选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wearedoomed(注定遭殃):Robotswillstealourjobs;Artificialintelligence(AI)willcorruptourfreewill;Wearetobeslavestomachines.(我们注定遭殃：机器人会偷走我们的工作；人工智能〔AI〕会腐蚀我们的自由意志；我们将成为机器的奴隶)〞及第四段中的“TheideathatAI,robotsand3Dcomputerprintingwillmaketheseboomingindustriesunnecessaryissilly.(认为人工智能、机器人和3D电脑打印将使这些蓬勃开展的行业变得没有必要的想法是愚蠢的)〞可知，第一段以悲观者的口吻描述对科技开展的看法，表达人们对这些新技术的畏惧、恐慌和担忧；下文对这种消极观点进行了反驳，并提出技术开展所产生的新需求和新工作将保障人类的生存和开展，通过劳动力市场转移和劳动力再培训，人们终将重新找到适合自己的工作岗位。由此推知，作者在文中论证了担忧机器人偷走我们的工作是愚蠢的。应选D。第二节〔共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分〕根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。There'snoguaranteedroadmaptosuccessinstudy.However,changingyourstudyhabitsandadjustingyourapproachtoyourclassescanmakeabigdifference.___16___Getenoughsleep___17___.Yourabilitytoremembercandropbyasmuchas40percentifyouhaven'thadadequatesleep.Aimtogetadequatesleepasmanynightsaspossible,andtrytokeepthesamesleepscheduleeverynight,evenonweekends.KnowwhenyouworkbestSpeakingofasleepschedule,it'simportanttonotethatthereisnoone-size-fits-allstudyschedule.___18___,soyoushouldn'tfeelpressuredtomaintainanuncomfortableschedule.Aslongasyouaregettingenoughsleepandkeepingupwithyourcommitments,yourscheduleisuptoyou.___19___ThePomodoroTechniqueisafocusingmethodthatreliesonshortburstsofintenseworkandplentyofbreaks.Totrythetechnique,setatimerfor25minutesandworkonasingletask.Whenthetimerrings,takeafive-minutebreak,thensetanother25-minutetimerandgetbacktowork.Afterfour25-minuteintervals,takealongerbreak.YoumayfindthatthePomodoroMethodhelpsyougetmoredoneinashorterperiodoftimewithoutfeelingburntout.Plus,shortstudybreaksareknowntoimproveconcentration.SweatandstudyThereisamassivebodyofresearchthatlinksexercisewithgoodgradesandimprovedlearningandcognitiveskills-especiallyifyouexercisefirstandstudysecond.___20___,goforaquickwalk.Freshairandachangeinenvironmentwillhelpyoucreateconnectionsandsolveproblems.A.Ifyoudon'thavetimetohitthegymB.ChangeattitudesC.TheimportanceofsleepcannotbeoverstatedD.TrythePomodoroMethodE.High-stressstudysessionscanhaveharmfuleffectsonbothyourGPAandyourhealthF.ThefollowingtipsareagreatplacetostartG.Thereisplentyofresearchindicatingbenefitsforbothnighttimestudyingandearlymorningstudying.【答案】16.F17.C18.G19.D20.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。在学习中没有保证成功的路线图，然而，改变你的学习习惯和调整你的方法，你会有很大的不同。文章主要介绍了一些好的学习习惯和方法。【16题详解】根据上文“There'snoguaranteedroadmaptosuccessinstudy.However,changingyourstudyhabitsandadjustingyourapproachtoyourclassescanmakeabigdifference.(在学习上，没有什么路线图能保证成功。然而，改变你的学习习惯，调整你的课堂方法会有很大的不同)〞结合后文提到了一些好的学习习惯和方法。故F选项“下面的建议是一个很好的开始〞符合语境，应选F。【17题详解】根据后文“Yourabilitytoremembercandropbyasmuchas40percentifyouhaven'thadadequatesleep.Aimtogetadequatesleepasmanynightsaspossible,andtrytokeepthesamesleepscheduleeverynight,evenonweekends.(如果你没有充足的睡眠，你的记忆力会下降40%。尽量多睡几个晚上，每天晚上保持相同的睡眠时间，即使是周末)〞可知，本段主要是在强调睡眠的重要性，C选项中sleep对应后文中sleep。故C选项“睡眠的重要性怎么强调都不过分〞符合语境，应选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Speakingofasleepschedule,it'simportanttonotethatthereisnoone-size-fits-allstudyschedule.(说到睡眠时间表，需要注意的是，没有放之四海而皆准的学习时间表)〞以及后文“soyoushouldn'tfeelpressuredtomaintainanuncomfortableschedule.Aslongasyouaregettingenoughsleepandkeepingupwithyourcommitments,yourscheduleisuptoyou.(所以你不应该对维持一个不舒服的时间表感到有压力。只要你有足够的睡眠，并遵守你的承诺，你的时间表就取决于你)〞可知，本段主要是关于睡眠时间和学习时间安排的建议，故G选项“有很多研究说明夜间学习和清晨学习都有好处〞符合语境，应选G。【19题详解】根据后文“ThePomodoroTechniqueisafocusingmethodthatreliesonshortburstsofintenseworkandplentyofbreaks.(番茄工作法是一种专注的工作方法，需要短时间的紧张工作和大量的休息)〞可知，本段介绍的方法是番茄工作法。D选项中thePomodoroMethod对应后文中thePomodoroMethod。故D选项“尝试番茄工作法〞符合语境，应选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Thereisamassivebodyofresearchthatlinksexercisewithgoodgradesandimprovedlearningandcognitiveskills-especiallyifyouexercisefirstandstudysecond.(有大量的研究将锻炼与好成绩、提高学习和认知技能联系起来——尤其是如果你先锻炼后学习的话)〞以及后文“goforaquickwalk.Freshairandachangeinenvironmentwillhelpyoucreateconnectionsandsolveproblems.(去快速散步。新鲜空气和环境的改变会帮助你建立联系，解决问题)〞可知，本段指出了锻炼对学习的好处，后文提到了快速散步，可知本句是在说明去散步之前的条件设定。故A选项“如果你没有时间去健身房〞符合语境，应选A。第三局部语言知识运用〔共两节，总分值45分〕第一节完形填空〔共20小题；每题分，总分值30分〕阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。OnSaturday,JulietandDarcy,17-year-oldfriends,wereenjoyingsunshineatFurnessParkwhentheynoticedamanfalldownonthesidewalk.Theyhurriedto____21____theman.Darcyfelt____22____hewasgoingtodieinfrontofthem.Shetookacloser____23____.Thensheobservedhischestnotgoingupanddown,whichmeanthewasn’t____24____.Thegirlsknewtheyneededto____25____help.WhileDarcystayedwiththe____26____man,Julietrantonearbyhomesandbeganringingdoorbells,butnoone____27____.“Iamreallyafraidheisgoingtodiewithouthelp,〞Darcysaid____28____.Julietcontinuedtorunforhelp.Shefinallyfoundsomemenfixingacarandtoldthemthe____29____.Buttheydidn’t____30____whatthegirlsaidatfirst.Theyasked,“Iswhatyousaidajoke?〞Andsheanswered,“No,call911rightnow.〞Therepairmengotitandthen____31____CPR(心肺复苏术)ontheunconsciousmanuntildoctorsarrivedandusedadefibrillator(电击器)torestarthis____32____.Doctorssaidthemanwasincriticalconditionandshouldbe____33____tohospital.Adoctorsaid,“Totheir____34____,thetwogirlstakefastactionwhichiscalled‘achainofsurvival’,whichcansavethe____35____ofapatientinadangeroussituation.〞“Whatthetwogirlsdidwasquite____36____,〞saidanotherdoctor.“Theyjumpedintoactiontotrytosavea(n)____37____,andtheydidn’tgiveupuntilthattaskwas____38____.〞Butdoctorsdidn’tgetthegirls’namesatthattime,sotheylauncheda(n)____39____tothepublictofindthem.Finallythetwogirlswerefoundandpraisedforhelpingsaveaman’slifeontheweekend.“Wewerebrave,〞Darcysaid.“Wegotabitscaredinthebeginning,butlaterwerealized____40____won’thelptheman.〞21.A.recognize B.applaud C.aid D.seize22.A.confused B.terrified C.pleased D.curious23.A.walk B.try C.chat D.look24.A.bleeding B.breathing C.starving D.choking25.A.forbid B.appreciate C.quit D.seek26.A.unconscious B.familiar C.absent-minded D.ragged27.A.enquired B.remembered C.answered D.succeeded28.A.anxiously B.occasionally C.eagerly D.merrily29.A.consequence B.emergency C.concept D.mystery30.A.believe B.hear C.doubt D.interrupt31.A.searchedfor B.putoff C.carriedout D.brokedown32.A.hands B.stomach C.feet D.heart33.A.rushed B.admitted C.persuaded D.guided34A.disappointment B.credit C.annoyance D.horror35.A.reputation B.prospect C.life D.honor36.A.embarrassing B.amazing C.contradictory D.abstract37.A.acquaintance B.colleague C.stranger D.relative38.A.received B.presented C.claimed D.accomplished39.A.appeal B.comment C.attempt D.apology40.A.prejudice B.regret C.offence D.panic【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.B25.D26.A27.C28.A29.B30.A31.C32.D33.A34.B35.C36.B37.C38.D39.A40.D【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。两个17岁的女孩看到一个男人突然倒在人行道上，不省人事。她们俩一个守着病人，一个四处找人帮助，最后这个男人得救。因此这两个女孩被公众称赞为英雄。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们急忙去帮助那个人。A.recognize认出，识别；B.applaud赞同；C.aid援助；D.seize抓住。Juliet和Darcy注意到一个男人跌倒在人行道上，急忙跑过去帮助〔aid〕他。应选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：达西害怕自己会死在他们面前。A.confused困惑的；B.terrified害怕的；C.pleased感到快乐的；D.curious好奇的。根据第三段最后一句可知，Darcy害怕〔terrified〕这个男人会死在她们面前。应选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她仔细看了看。A.walk步行；B.try尝试；C.chat聊天；D.look看。Darcy仔细看了看〔look〕。那个时候，她注意到这个男人的胸部没有上下起伏，这意味着他没有呼吸〔breathing〕。应选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她观察到他的胸部没有起伏，这意味着他没有呼吸。A.bleeding流血；B.breathing呼吸；C.starving挨饿；D.choking使窒息。那个时候，她注意到这个男人的胸部没有上下起伏，这意味着他没有呼吸〔breathing〕。应选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩们知道她们需要帮助。A.forbid禁止；B.appreciate欣赏，感谢；C.quit停止；D.see寻找。根据下文可知，这两个女孩知道她们需要寻求〔seek〕帮助。应选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当达西和昏迷的人待在一起时，朱丽叶跑到附近的人家开始按门铃，但是没有人回应。A.unconscious无意识的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.absent-minded心不在焉的；D.ragged衣衫褴褛的。根据第二段最后一句和第五段第一句可知，这个男的当时处于无意识的〔unconscious〕状态。应选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当达西和昏迷的人待在一起时，朱丽叶跑到附近的人家开始按门铃，但是没有人回应。A.enquired询问；B.remembered记得；C.answered答复；D.succeeded成功。根据上下文可知，Juliet跑到附近人家按门铃，但是没有人回应〔answered〕。应选C。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：达西焦急地说:“我真担忧他没有人帮助就会死掉。〞A.anxiously焦虑地；B.occasionally偶尔，间或；C.eagerly急迫地，渴望地；D.merrily愉快地。Darcy焦急地〔anxiously〕说：“我真害怕，没有人帮助，他会死掉的〞。应选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她终于找到几个修车的人，告诉他们情况紧急。A.consequence结果；B.emergency紧急情况；C.concept观念。D.mystery秘密。Juliet终于找到几个修车工，并把当时的紧急情况〔emergency〕告诉了他们。应选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是他们一开始不相信这个女孩说的话。A.believe相信；B.hear听见；C.doubt疑心；D.interrupt打断。根据下文可知，修车工最初不相信〔believe〕Juliet说的话。应选A。【31题详解】考查动词短语。句意：修理工拿到了它，然后对这名不省人事的男子进行了心肺复苏术，直到医生赶到并用除颤器重新启动他的心脏。A.searchedfor寻找；B.putoff推迟，拖延；C.carriedout实施，贯彻；D.brokedown打破，折断。修车工对这个不省人事的男人进行〔carriedout〕了心肺复苏术，直到医生赶到并用电击器重新复苏他的心脏〔heart〕。应选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：修理工拿到了它，然后对这名不省人事的男子进行了心肺复苏术，直到医生赶到并用除颤器重新启动他的心脏。A.hands手；B.stomach胃；C.feet脚；D.heart心脏。解析同上题。应选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生表示，该男子情况危急，应立即送往医院。A.rushed急忙；B.admitted成认；C.persuaded劝说；D.guided指导。医生说，这个男人情况危急，应该被送往〔rushed〕医院。应选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位医生说:“值得赞扬的是，这两个女孩采取了迅速的行动，这被称为‘生存链’，可以在危险的情况下挽救病人的生命。〞应选A.disappointment失望；B.credit信用；C.annoyance烦恼；D.horror惊骇。值得赞扬〔credit〕的是，这两个女孩迅速采取了被称为“生存链〞的行动，这可以在紧急情况下挽救病人的生命〔life〕。应选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位医生说:“值得赞扬的是，这两个女孩采取了迅速的行动，这被称为‘生存链’，可以在危险的情况下挽救病人的生命。〞A.reputation名声；B.prospect前途；C.life生活，生命；D.honor荣誉。解析同上题。应选C。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一位医生说:“这两个女孩的表现非常令人惊讶。〞A.embarrassing令人为难的；B.amazing令人惊讶的；C.contradictory矛盾的，反对的；D.abstract抽象的。另一位医生说这两个女孩所做的事情是令人惊异的〔amazing〕。她们立即采取行动，