2022届重庆市七校联盟高三上学期11月月考英语试题解析版

2022届重庆市七校联盟高三上学期11月月考英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C.£9.18.答案是B。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenwillthelecturebegiven?A.OnJune10th.B.OnJune11th.C.OnJune12th.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Istodaythe10thofJune?Howtimeflies!M:Yes,andIhaveonemorelecturetogivethedayaftertomorrow.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatcausedthecompanysalestoincrease?A.Theonlinemarketingcampaign.B.Theextrasalespeople.C.Thediscountprices.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Howarethesalesfigureslooking?W:They’regreat!Wehadasharpriseaftertheonlinemarketingcampaignbegan.It’sbetterthanhiringextrasalespeople.M:Good!NowI’mthinkingofofferingsomediscountnextseason.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatisJimmydoing?A.Readingastorybook.B.Doinghishomework.C.Playingcomputergames.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whydon’tyougotobed,Jimmy?Areyoureadingthatstorybook?M:Oh,IjustrememberedIhadn’tdonemysciencehomeworkyet.I’msearchingonlineforsomeinformationaboutthat.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Forgivetheplayer.B.Kicktheplayerout.C.Apologizetotheplayer.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ikickedaplayeroutofourteamforhismisbehaviorlastweek.W:Iheardheapologizedandpromisednottodothatagain.Whynotgivehimasecondchance?M:Maybeyouareright.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthewomanusuallygetthebook?A.Intheshop.B.Inthesupermarket.C.OntheInternet.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Iwouldenjoylookingaroundthebookshop.It’sreallyenjoyable.W:Metoo.Ialwaysfindthebookintheshoporthesupermarketandthenbuyitonline!It’softenalotcheaper.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选岀最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thepreparationsforacamping.B.Thechangeableweather.C.Theirfavoritefood.7.Whatwillthemantake?A.Bread.B.Hamburgers.C.Cards.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Silvia.Areyougoingcampingwithus?W:Surely,yes.M:Great.Itshouldbegoodfununlesstheweathergetsbad.W:WhatdoIneedtotake?M:Well,whenIgethome,I’lltextyouthelistI’vemade.Youdon’tneedtoworryaboutfoodthough.I’vepackedenoughhamburgers.That’stheeasiestthingtomake.W:Fine.Incasewerunoutofhamburgers,I’lltakesometinsandbread.M:Goodidea.Ifyouwant,bringsomecards.Wecouldplayatnight.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatiswrongwiththewoman?A.Shehasafever.B.Shehasaheadache.C.Shehasasleepingproblem.9.Whatdidthewomandolastnight?A.Shepreparedforameeting.B.Sheattendedameeting.C.Shewenttobedearly.10.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Quitthejob.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Havearest.【答案】8.B9.A10.C【解析】【原文】M:What’swrongwithyou?W:Myheadhurtsbadly.M:Doyouhaveafever?W:No.M:Howlonghasitbeenlikethis?W:Sincethenightbeforeyesterday.M:Doyouhaveasleepingproblem?W:No.Ialwaysgotobedearlyandsleepsound,uh,exceptlastnight.Iworkedlateintothenightpreparingforameeting.M:Ithinkyou’dbetterhaveafurtherexam,andbeforetheresultcomesout,trytorelax.W:Doyouhaveanymedicinetokillthepain?Ihavetoattendameetingthisafternoon.M:Beforetheresultcomesout,Ican’tgiveyouanymedicine.Iinsistyouhaveagoodrestfirst.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atatheater.B.Atahotel.C.Atasnackbar.12.Whatwouldthemanprobablydoat6p.m.tomorrow?A.Celebratetheirweddinganniversary.B.Attendaweddingceremony.C.Spendhis20thbirthday.13.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$100.B.$200.C.$300.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,MovieCenter.HowmayIhelpyou?M:Goodmorning.ThisisVinsonfromRoom808.I’dliketoknowsomethingaboutyourtheater.W:Verywell,Mr.Vinson.Wehavethreetheaters,onepublictheater,andtwoprivatetheatersforfivepeopleandtwopeoplerespectively.M:Emm…howdoyouchargefortheprivateone?W:Thechargeforprivatetheateris$50perhourperperson.Drinksandsnacksareextra.M:Verywell.I’dliketoreservetheonefortwopeoplefrom6:00to9:00tomorrowevening.Tomorrowisthe20thanniversaryofourmarriage.Wewantacelebration.W:Whatexcitingnews!Congratulations,Mr.Vinson!M:Thankyouverymuch.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Herbrotherisdisturbingher.B.Shehasnodictionarytouse.C.Herparentscan’tgiveheranyadvice.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Tellherbrothertostop.B.Gotothelibrarytostudy.C.Askherparentsforhelp.17.Whatisthewomanembarrassedat?A.RememberinglittlefromHistory.B.Reviewingbysinginghernotes.C.Writingdownwhatshehasread.【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Georgia.Howareyou?W:Hi.Notsogood.I’mgettingreallyannoyedwithmylittlebrotherJimatthemoment.I’mtryingtoreviewformyexamsandhekeepsstoppingmefromworking.Sometimeshelistenstomusiclateatnightwithhisradioonloudly;sometimesheborrowssomethingfrommethatIneedtouseforstudying,likemydictionaryorcomputer.Ican’tconcentrateonmyworkformorethanafewminutes.It’sterrible.M:Youshouldaskyourparentstodealwithyourbrother.Yourexamsaremoreimportant.Yourparentsshouldunderstandthat.W:That’sagoodidea,Matthew.I’llaskmydadforhelptonight.Mybrotherwilllistentohim.AndI’llalsothinkaboutgoingtothelibraryattheweekend.It’snicetohaveachangesometimeswhenyou’restudying.How’syourreviewgoing,Matthew?M:MyproblemisIjustcan’trememberanythingfromHistory.IreadapageandthentenminuteslaterI’veforgottenit.W:That’snotunusual.Youshouldtrywritingdownwhatyou’vejustread.It’samazinghowmuchmoreyouwillrememberthatway.SometimesIevensingmynotes.It’sabitembarrassing,butitwillhelptorememberlotsofinformation.M:Yes.I’lltrythoseideas.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.WhatwasthemainmealforpeopleinPrussiainthe18thcentury?A.Rice.B.Potatoes.C.Bread.19.Howdidpeoplefeelaboutthepotatoesinthepalacegarden?A.Disappointed.B.Curious.C.Anxious.20.Whatcanwelearnabouttheking?A.Hewasverysmart.B.Helikedmakingjokes.C.Hewascrazyaboutpotatoes.【答案】18.C19.B20.A【解析】【原文】M:OK!SomytalktonightiscalledPsychologyinAdvertising,butI’mgoingtostartwithalittlestory.Inthe18thcentury,hardlyanyoneinPrussiaatepotatoesorrice,becausethemainmealforalmosteveryonewasbread.Buttherewasaproblemwithbread:inthosedays,sometimesthewheatdidn’tgrowverywell,people,especiallypoorpeople,wouldhavenothingtoeat.SowhenthekingcalledFrederickheardaboutthepotato,heimmediatelyorderedeveryoneinthecountrytostartgrowingpotatoes.Buttohissurprise,theyrefused.Frederickwasaverycleverman,andalthoughtherewerenopsychologistsin1774,hecertainlyhadatalentforunderstandingthepsychologyofhispeople.Sohesooncameupwithaveryinterestingplan.First,heplantedpotatoesinhispalacegarden.Next,hesentsoldierstoguardit.Assoonaspeoplesawthegardenandthesoldiers,theystartedaskingeachother“Whatcouldbeinthatfieldthatisworthsomuch?”Andofcourse,assoonastheyfoundoutthatthefieldwasfullofpotatoes,theyallwantedsome.Yousee,oncepeoplebelievedtheywerenotallowedtoeatpotatoes,theyimmediatelywantedtohavethem.Andthat’sagoodpsychology.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，每小题2.5分，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALongIsland'shikingtrails(路线)offeranescapeforfamilytime.It'sarelaxingthingtodointhestressfultime,soopenyoursenses.SouthamptonTrailsManyguidedtrailsareruninHamptons,somesuitableforkids.BehindtheSouthForkNaturalHistoryMuseumisasmallfieldwithbutterfliesandbirdsflyingabout.Uponarrival,checkoutthepostedmapthatshowsthetrailsthroughthefieldswithaconnectionthatgoesallthewaytoSagHarbor.ArboretumStateHistoricPark,OysterBayHalftheparkiswoodlandthatincludesnaturewalksandagreenhouse.You'llseelotsofwildlifefromfoxestobirds,adelightforkids.PickupamaponthewebsiteandenjoythehistoricGoldCoastproperty.Walkerscanselectfromdifferentpaths,coveringaboutsixmilesintotal,aswellasalldifferentlengthstoaccommodatedifferentagesandabilities.RichardD.FowlerPreserve,SouthamptonApleasantshorthikerightinSouthamptonVillage.ThetrailbeginsneartheintersectionofWickapogueRoadandNarrowLaneandheadsthroughawoodedareawithariver.Dressproperly,foritcouldbealittlemuddy.Thetrailfeatureshedges(树篱)alongonesideandplantingsalongtheother.Itreachesthesitewherethefirstsettlersspenttheirfirstwinterabout1640.Thistrailtakesaboutonehour.DownsFarmPreserve,CutchogueThisfamily-friendlyplaceisaneasywalkwiththetrailamilelong.It'saverypeacefullocationtoseewildlifeandbirds.Thetrailisflatandpushchair-friendly.You'llalsofindDownsRiver,withchairsalongthewaytorest.HometothedefenceworksoftheCorchaugIndians,thepreserveisontheNationalParkRegisterofHistoricPlacesandisconsideredancientland.21.WhatdoSouthamptonTrailsandArboretumStateHistoricParkhaveincommon?A.Theydistributefreetouristmaps.B.They'reconvenienttogetto.C.Theyofferguidedtrailsforallages.D.They'reidealplacesforbirdwatching.22.WhatcanyoudoinDownsFarmPreserve?A.Visitahistoricalsite.B.Appreciatethehillylandscape.C.Feedwildanimalsatrandom.D.CommunicatewithlocalIndians.23.Inwhichhikingtrailisappropriateclothingsuggested?A.SouthamptonTrails.B.ArboretumStateHistoricPark.C.RichardD.FowlerPreserve.D.DownsFarmPreserve.【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了长岛的四处适合徒步的旅游路线及景点。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据SouthamptonTrails中的“BehindtheSouthForkNaturalHistoryMuseumisasmallfieldwithbutterfliesandbirdsflyingabout.”（在南福克自然历史博物馆后面是一个小场地，蝴蝶和鸟儿在那里飞来飞去）及ArboretumStateHistoricPark,OysterBay中的“You'llseelotsofwildlifefromfoxestobirds,adelightforkids.”（你会看到很多野生动物，从狐狸到鸟类，孩子们都很喜欢）可知，SouthamptonTrails和ArboretumStateHistoricPark共同点是它们是观鸟的理想场所。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据DownsFarmPreserve,Cutchogue中的“HometothedefenceworksoftheCorchaugIndians,thepreserveisontheNationalParkRegisterofHistoricPlacesandisconsideredancientland.”（该保护区是科尔乔格印第安人防御工程的所在地，被列入国家公园历史遗迹名录，被认为是古老的土地）可知，在DownsFarmPreserve，人们可以参观历史遗迹。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据RichardD.FowlerPreserve,Southampton中的“Dressproperly,foritcouldbealittlemuddy.”（穿合适的衣服，因为可能有点泥泞）可知，在RichardD.FowlerPreserve这条路线中建议要穿合适的衣服。故选C项。【点睛】BAnITcompanyfromFinlandhasdevelopedanewfont(字体)whichusesmachinelearningtorewritebadlanguageintokinderwords.Morethanathirdofbullyingtakesplaceonline,andthenumbersareontherise,accordingtoareportbytheUnitedNations'educationalorganizationUNESCO.TietoEVRYdevelopedthePoliteTypefontasanewtooltodealwithonlinebullyingamongkids,pointingoutharmfullanguageandcausinguserstopickkinderwords.AsuserstrytowritehurtfulEnglishwords,thefontwillautomaticallyreplacethem.Writing"Ihateyou"would,forexample,resultinthemilder"Idisagreewithyou"whenPoliteTypeisusedonthecomputer.Sentencessuchas"youareugly"isreplacedwith"youarenottraditionallybeautiful"whilerudewordsareblurred(使模糊)completely.Thecompanysaysitisthefirstexamplewhereablurhasbeenusedasasymbolinafontpackage.Racialslurs(种族歧视语)arereplacedwiththeracialgrouptheslurisrelatedto,ratherthanblurringthewordentirely.Thevocabularyofthefontwasco-createdwithteenagersfromFinland.Thefont'slibraryofwordswaschosentoincludelanguagefromdifferentorigins,religions,andworldviews,andwillmakeadjustmentsasmorepeopleandbusinessesuseit.Inthefuture,TietoEVRYsuggeststhatmachinelearningcouldbeusedtoteachthefonttounderstandhowlanguageisused.PoliteTypecanbenowdownloadedandusedforfree."Wewantbulliestorethinkthewordstheyuseandtheactualmeaningbehindthem,"saidKiaHaring,globalheadofcommunicationandsustainabilityatTietoEVRY."Ihopethatourcauseactsasawake-upcallforallaudiencestoconsiderhowbullyingcouldbehandled."24.WhatisspecialaboutthePoliteTypefontaccordingtothetext?A.Itincludesawidervocabulary.B.Itconsistsofwordsandsymbols.C.Ithidesalltheunusualexpressions.D.Itpreferslongsentencestoshortones.25.WhatcanweexpectofthePoliteTypefontinthefuture?A.Itwillbeconstantlyupdated.B.Moreracialgroupswilluseit.C.Itwillhavemorewordsblurred.D.Userswillbechargedwithusingit.26.WhatdoesKiaHaringthinkofcreatingthePoliteTypefont?A.Imperfect.B.Unsuccessful.C.Difficult.D.Inspiring.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PoliteType:theself-developingfontB.AfontautomaticallyavoidsracialslursC.AfontdesignedtofightonlinebullyingD.Showotherskindnessbyusinganewfont【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种专门用来对付网上欺凌的字体。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“AsuserstrytowritehurtfulEnglishwords,thefontwillautomaticallyreplacethem.（当用户试图写伤人的英语单词时，该字体会自动替换它们。）”以及“Thecompanysaysitisthefirstexamplewhereablurhasbeenusedasasymbolinafontpackage.（该公司表示，这是第一个在字体包中使用模糊符号的例子。）”可知，PoliteType字体的特别之处是它既包含单词也包含符号。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thefont'slibraryofwordswaschosentoincludelanguagefromdifferentorigins,religions,andworldviews,andwillmakeadjustmentsasmorepeopleandbusinessesuseit.Inthefuture,TietoEVRYsuggeststhatmachinelearningcouldbeusedtoteachthefonttounderstandhowlanguageisused.（该字体的词汇库包括了来自不同起源、宗教和世界观的语言，并将随着更多的人和企业使用它而做出调整。TietoEVRY认为，在未来，机器学习可以用来教字体理解语言是如何使用的。）”可知，在未来，PoliteType这种字体会不断更新。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wewantbulliestorethinkthewordstheyuseandtheactualmeaningbehindthem,（我们希望欺凌者重新思考他们使用的词语和背后的实际含义）”以及“Ihopethatourcauseactsasawake-upcallforallaudiencestoconsiderhowbullyingcouldbehandled.（我希望我们的事业为所有受众敲响警钟，让他们考虑如何应对欺凌。）”可知，KiaHaring认为PoliteType字体的创建是具有启发意义的。故选D。【27题详解】主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其第二段的“TietoEVRYdevelopedthePoliteTypefontasanewtooltodealwithonlinebullyingamongkids,pointingoutharmfullanguageandcausinguserstopickkinderwords.（TietoEVRY开发了这款PoliteType字体，作为一种新的工具来应对孩子们的网络欺凌，指出有害的语言，并促使用户选择更友好的词语。）”可知，本文主要介绍了一款应对网络欺凌的字体——PoliteType。C选项（一种旨在对抗网络欺凌的字体）为本文的最佳标题。故选C。CSportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parentsandotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreatetoomuchanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindflawsinthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsopayattentionthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsettingyoungathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters'performances.Positivesupportshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivesupportmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Againcriticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.28.Aneffectivewaytopreventthebumoutofyoungathletesis________.A.tomakesportlesscompetitiveB.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccessC.toreducetheirmentalstressD.tomakesportmorechallenging29.Accordingtothepassage,sportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat________.A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsocietyB.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesC.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiencesD.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves30.Accordingtothepassage,parentsandcoachesshould________.A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportB.helpchildrentowineverygameC.trainchildrentocopewithstressD.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsport31Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnoutB.topersuadechildrennottoworryaboutcriticismC.tostresstheimportanceofpositivesupporttochildrenD.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement【答案】28.C29.C30.A31.C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇议论文。体育运动既是对人的体力的挑战，也是对人的心理的挑战。在体育运动中，父母和教练应对孩子多鼓励，少批评，让孩子用积极的心态去迎接挑战。【28题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（压力可以是身体上的，情感上的，也可以是心理上的，研究表明它会导致精疲力竭）”可知，减少青少年运动员的心理压力是防止其身心疲劳的有效途径。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.（运动环境是一个可以获得宝贵经验的地方）”可知，年轻人喜欢运动是因为它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历。故选C项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,manyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.（在如今的青少年体育环境中，年轻运动员可能更担心谁会赢，而不是享受自己和这项运动。在一场比赛之后，许多家长和教练都会关注比赛的结果，并对孩子们的表现挑刺）”可推断，家长和教练正确的做法是让孩子们享受体育活动。故选A项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第三段“positivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.（积极的鼓励比批评更能激励学习，对学习有更大的影响）”可知，作者通过陈述压力对孩子参加运动的诸多负面影响，使父母和教练意识到只有多鼓励、少批评，才能让孩子喜欢体育运动。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是强调鼓励孩子的重要性。故选C项。DIfhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ill-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels—andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霜)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We’vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnight—darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowsonEarth-iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.We’velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet(磁铁).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.Humansarenolesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.32.Whichofthefollowingshasthesimilarmeaningtotheunderlinedword“diurnal”inParagraph1?A.Everyday.B.Routine.C.DaytimeD.Nighttime.33.Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto________.A.provideexamplesofanimalprotectionB.showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC.comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD.explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined34.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat________.A.lightpollutiondoesharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB.lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC.humanbeingscannotgototheouterspaceD.humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse35.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMagicLight.B.TheOrangeHaze.C.TheDisappearingNight.D.TheRhythmsofNature.【答案】32C33.B34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。如今人类使夜晚充满了人造光线，使得夜晚不再黑暗，但这么做所造成的光污染对人与动物的危害是巨大的。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.”（如果人类真的在月亮和星星的光下呆在家里，我们也可以快乐地生活在黑暗中，午夜的世界对我们人类来说是可见的，就像对大量夜间活动的生物一样。）和第二句“Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.”（相反，我们是白天活动的生物，眼睛适应在阳光下生活。）可知，前一句假设人类也像夜间生物一样，后一句转折，人类并不是夜间生物而是白天活动的生物。由此可知划线词diurnal（白天的；日间活动的）与选项C.Daytime意思相近。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第四句“Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.”（这种效应是如此强烈，以至于科学家们说，陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的气体照明弹发出的光，会“捕捉”到鸣禽和海鸟）以及第五段第一句“Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.”（生活在灯火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙在夜间受到比平时高出一百万倍的强光照射，几乎使它们的所有行为都失常了，包括它们在夜间繁殖时发出的叫声。）可以推知，作者提到鸟类和青蛙来说明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.（从非常真实的意义上说，光污染使我们看不见自己在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们自身的规模，而这个规模是最好的衡量标准，是用银河系——我们星系的边缘——拱形的头顶上的黑夜的维度来衡量的）”可推断，最后一段暗示人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的位置。故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了现代人类设计了人造光改变了宇宙自然平衡，描述了光污染对人与动物造成的危害。再结合第一段最后一句“Yetit'stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe'vedonetothenight:we'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.（然而，这是我们对夜晚所做的唯一解释：我们通过让它充满设计出来的光来接受我们”）可知，选项C.TheDisappearingNight.（正在消失的夜晚）可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。【点睛】第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thesunflower,nativetoNorthAmerica,isnowcultivatedworldwide,withAntarcticatheonlycontinentwhereitisnotgrown.___36___Theyfoundthisplantcouldprovidethemwithavarietyofusefulproducts.Bypointingorgrinding,theseedswereturnedintoflourandusedtomakebread.Oil,alsousedinbreadmaking,wasobtainedbysqueezingtheseeds.Thenativepeopleenjoyedeatingtheseedsasahealthysnackfood.___37___.NativeAmericansalsousedtheoilsofthesunflowerforhairgrooming.Purpleandyellowhairdyesweremadefromsunflowersandusedasbodypaintandawaytodecoratetextilesandbaskets.Thedriedstalks,beinglightandstrong,wereidealforuseasabuildingmaterial.___38___Theybelieveditwasagooddressingforwoundsandcouldtreatsnakebiteseffectively.Todaythereareoversixtyvarietiesofsunflowerswhichareusedtoproduceawiderangeofproductsforbothhumanandanimalconsumption.___39___Thematerialwhichisleftafterthepressingiscalled"presscake"andisusedtomakefeedforlivestock.Thesunflowerseedsmakeanexcellentsnackfoodwhenroastedorevenraw.Theentireseedisoftenusedincommercialbirdseedmixturesfordomesticandwildbirds.___40___Industryusessunfloweroilintheproductionofpaint,soaps,candlesandmanyotherproducts.However,rememberinghowbeautifulthesunflowerlooks,whatgardenerwouldn'tlovetohavesomeofthesetall,showyplantstobeautifyhisorhergarden?A.Sunfloweroilforcookingisobtainedbypressingtheseeds.B.Manypeopleenjoythehealthybreadproducedfromsunflowerseedflour.C.Thenutrientsintheseseedsmayreduceyourriskofcommonhealthproblems.D.ThesunflowerfollowsthesuninitstravelsacrosstheskyfromDawsonuntildusk.E.ThesunflowerwasalsousedbyNativeAmericansforavarietyofmedicinalpurposes.F.NativepeopleofNorthAmericastartedcultivatingthesunflowerover5,000yearsago.G.However,thesunflowerprovidedmanyproductswhichwerenotusedinfoodapplications.【答案】36.F37.G38.E39.A40.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了向日葵的种植以及一些从向日葵中产出的产品。【36题详解】根据上文“Thesunflower,nativetoNorthAmerica,isnowcultivatedworldwide,withAntarcticatheonlycontinentwhereitisnotgrown.(向日葵原产于北美洲，现在全世界都有种植，南极洲是唯一一个不种植它的大陆)”可知，上文提到了向日葵在北美洲的种植情况，F选项中NorthAmerica对应上文中NorthAmerica。故F选项“北美的原住民在5000年前就开始种植向日葵了”符合语境，且下文的They就指代的是北美洲的原住民。故选F。【37题详解】根据后文“NativeAmeric