2024年人教版高一英语同步讲义（必修第三册）Unit 4 Space Exploration：Period 1 Reading and Thinking（学案）（解析版）

Book3Unit4SpaceExplorationPeriod1ReadingandThinking001预习导学Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)基础词汇记其形1.回收利用___________________________ 2.肌肉，实力，影响力___________________3.缺乏，短缺__________________________ 4.否则，要不然________________________5.在更远处，超出______________________ 6.当前的，水流，电流，思潮______________7.足够的，充足的_____________________ 8.毛巾，抹布__________________________9.纸巾，（细胞的）组织__________________10.设施，设备_________________________【答案】1. recycle2. muscle3. lack4. otherwise5. beyond6. current7. sufficient8. towel9. tissue10. facility11. globe12. argument13. shallow14. pattern15. monitor16. resource17. limited18. regular19. attach20. analysis二、核心词汇记中变____________adj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的(=________=_________=_________=_________)→_____________n.智力；才智；智慧____________adj．有决心的；意志坚定的→_____________vt.查明；确定；决定→_____________n.决心____________n．（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处→_____________n.（企业、政治等的）代理人，经纪人___________adj.失望的；沮丧的→___________adj.令人失望的→___________vt.使失望→_____________n.失望✿________vt.使抑郁;使沮丧_____________adv．独立地；自立地→_____________adj．独立的；自立的→____________n.独立→____________adj.依靠的，依赖的→____________n.信赖，依赖→___________v.依靠；依赖✿短语：依赖，依靠：_______/______/______/___________/_______________vt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号；标志→_________n.迹象；手势v.签（名）；打手势→___________n.签名,签字____________vt．回收利用;再利用→____________n.再循环→_________n.循环;自行车vt.使循环;使轮转vi.骑自行车;循环;轮转___________adj．当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮→___________adv.现时；目前；当前；时下=____________=______________________n．地球；世界；地球仪→____________adj．全球的；全世界的→_____________v.使全球化→____________n.全球化__________vt．＆vi．论证；争辩；争论→_____________n.争论；争吵；论点✿注意:argue变成名词需要去____再加_______intelligentadj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的(=wise=brilliant=clever=smart)→intelligencen.智力；才智；智慧determinedadj．有决心的；意志坚定的→determinevt.查明；确定；决定→determinationn.决心agencyn．（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处→agentn.（企业、政治等的）代理人，经纪人disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointvt.使失望→disappointmentn.失望✿depressvt.使抑郁；使沮丧independentlyadv.独立地;自立地→independentadj.独立的;自立的→independencen.独立→dependentadj.依靠的,依赖的→dependencen.信赖,依赖→dependv.依靠;依赖✿短语:依赖,依靠：depend/rely/lean/counton/uponsignalvt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号;标志→signn.迹象；手势v.签（名）；打手势→signaturen.签名,签字recyclevt．回收利用;再利用→recyclingn.再循环→cyclen.循环;自行车vt.使循环;使轮转vi.骑自行车;循环;轮转currentadj．当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮→currentlyadv.现时；目前；当前；时下=recently=latelygloben．地球；世界；地球仪→globaladj．全球的；全世界的→globalizev.使全球化→globalizationn.全球化arguevt．＆vi．论证；争辩；争论→argumentn.争论；争吵；论点✿注意:argue变成名词需要去e再加ment三、阅读词汇识其义1.solaradj.____________2.universen.____________3.giantadj.____________n.____________4.oxygenn.____________5.monitorn.____________vt.____________6.agencyn.____________7.transmitvt.&vi.____________8.datan.[pl.]____________9.spacecraftn.____________10.currentadj.____________n.____________11.sufficientadj.____________12.facilityn.____________13.patternn.____________14.high-endadj.____________1.太阳的；太阳能的2.宇宙；天地万物3.巨大的；伟大的;巨人；巨兽；伟人4.氧；氧气5.监视器；监测仪;监视；监测；监控6.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处7.传输；发送8.资料；数据9.航天器；宇宙飞船10.前的；现在的;水流；电流；思潮11.足够的；充足的12.设施；设备13.模式；图案；模范14.高端的Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)1.最后_____________________________________2.所以，结果(是)_____________________________________3.在（宇宙飞船/船/飞机）上_____________________________________4.耗尽，用完_____________________________________5.养活他的家人_____________________________________6.弄清楚_____________________________________7.导致，造成_____________________________________8.继续做，坚持干_____________________________________9.为了_____________________________________10.太阳系_____________________________________11.相信_____________________________________12.专注于_____________________________________13.各种各样的_____________________________________14.与某人争吵_____________________________________15.成功做……_____________________________________16.提供生活所需_____________________________________17.在……方面取得进步_____________________________________18.抱着……的希望_____________________________________答案：1.inclosing

2.asaresult/consequently/inconsequence3.onboard

4.runout/usevidefor/supporthisfamily6.figureout

7.resultin/leadto/bringabout8.carryon/keepon/continue

9.soastodosth/inordertodosth10.solarsystem11.believein12.focuson13.allkindsof/avarietyof14.argue/quarrelwithsb15.succeedindoingvideforsb17.makeprogressin18.inthehopeofdoingsthⅢ.佳句赏析关(先赏后译).[教材原文]...YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.【难句剖析】句中的togointospace是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰thefirstperson。句型Sb./Sth.be/becomethefirst...todo...意为“某人/某物是第一个做……的……”。【翻译】……尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。[教材原文]Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.【难句剖析】make+宾语+宾语补足语【翻译】这些灾难使人倍感伤心与失望，但是探索宇宙的渴望永不磨灭。002语篇理解Step1Pre­readingBeforeyoureadthepassage，lookatthetitleandthephotos，thendiscussthesequestions.Predict:SPACE：THEFINALFRONTIERFrontier：(1)__________，whichmightmeanhuman’s(2)_____________________________________.Chinesemeaning：(3)___________________Fromthetitleandthephotos,wecanknowthatthetextmightbeabout(4)_________________________________.Soitmaybea(n)(5)________________________.【答案】(1)_theborder；(2)_recognitionedgeorexplorationedge；(3)_太空：最后的边境；(4)thedevelopmentofspaceexploration；(5)popularsciencearticleStep2While­readingTask1:Fastreading1).Severalsentenceshavebeenremovedfromthetext.Readthesentencesandthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Thenreadthetextandchoosethecorrectsentence(A~D)tofilleachgap.A.Althoughscientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.B.Theyalsoreallywishtodiscoverotherplanetsthataresuitableenoughtosupportlife.C.Thefutureofspaceexplorationremainsbright.D.Aftermanyexperiments,theysucceededinmakingrocketsthatcouldescapeEarth’sgravity.【答案】BDACSummarizethemainideawitheachparagraph.Para1:_________________________________________________________________________Para2:_________________________________________________________________________Para3:_________________________________________________________________________Para4:_________________________________________________________________________Para5:_________________________________________________________________________【答案】Para1:People’sdesiretolearnmoreaboutspace.Para2:TheachievementsthattheUSSRandAmericanmade..Para3:Humanscontinuespaceexplorationdespitethehugerisk.Para4:Chinahasmadegreatprogressinspaceexploration..Para15:Thefutureofspaceexplorationremainsbright..Task2:IntensivereadingReadpara.1anddiscussthefollowingquestions.(1)Whatdopeoplewanttodowhenlookingupatthestars?_________________________________________________________________________(2)Whydoscientistsmakevehicles?_________________________________________________________________________【答案】(1)Theywanttolearnmoreaboutspace.(2)Tocarrybravepeopleintospacetofindoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.2.Choosetherighteventtocompletethetimeline.A.

AmericanVoyager1waslaunchedtostudydeepspaceanditstilltransmitsdatatoday.B.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.C.Chinahasmadeprogress,suchassendingpeopleintospaceandvehiclesontothemoonandcompletingtheChinesespacewalk.D.

TheSputnik1satellitelaunchedbytheUSSRsuccessfullyorbitedaroundEarth.E.Europe,theUS,andChinaplantoexploreplanetslikeMarsandJupiter.F.Mostpeoplethoughtitwasimpossibletotravelintospace.G.AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsteppedontothemoon.【答案】Readpara.3andanswerthequestions.(1)Whydidthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdie?_________________________________________________________________________(2)WhatdoestheinternationalSpaceStationdo?_________________________________________________________________________【答案】(1)Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexploration.(2)ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard,providingacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace.4.Readpara.4anddothematch.Vehicles Missions1.Shenzhou52.Shenzhou63.Shenzhou74.JadeRabbit5.Tiangong26.Tianzhou17.Chang'e4 A.Studiedthesurfaceofthemoon.B.Furtheredtheestablishmentofaspacestation.C.Completedasecondmannedorbit.D.Exploredthesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoon.E.Independentlysenthumansintospace.F.CompletedthefirstChinesespacewalk.G.DockedwithTiangong2.【答案】ECFABGD5.Readpara.5andchoosethecorrectanswer.1.Whatattitudedoyouthinktheauthorholdstothefutureofspaceexploration?A.worried B.supportive C.doubtful D.opposed【答案】AStep3Post­readingWhatdoesthetitle“Space:TheFinalFrontier”meantoyou?Shareyourideaswiththewholeclass._________________________________________________________________________【答案】WhileIsupportspaceexploration,Idon’tthinkspaceisthefinalfrontierjustyet.ThereisstillmuchtolearnabouttheEarth,andweareonlyattheverybeginningofnewtechnologicalbreakthroughsinvolvinginformationtechnologyandAI.Therearemanyscientificandtechnologicalfrontiersallaroundus.Whatarethebenefitsanddrawbacksofspaceexploration?_________________________________________________________________________【答案】☆Benefitsofspaceexploration:Spaceexplorationcanhelppeoplebetterunderstandtheuniverse.Spaceexplorationcanuncovertheunknownresourcesoftheuniverse.Spaceexplorationcanprovideaplatformfornationstocooperate.Thespacetechnologyplaysanindispensableroleinourdailylife,suchascommunicationandtransportationtechnology.☆Drawbacksofspaceexploration:Spaceexplorationisbothriskyandexpensive.Spaceexplorationimplieshighlevelsofwaste.Spaceexplorationcancausementalproblemsforastronauts.003语言学习Part1核心词汇1.【词汇拓展】_________adj.有决心的；坚决的→_________n.决心答案：determined，determination【常用搭配】determinetodosth.决定做某事(强调动作)determineon/upon(doing)sth.就(做)某事做出决定bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事(强调状态)determinethat...决定……【即学即练】1.Nomatterwhathappens,shehasdetermined_________(tell)thetruth.2.Iamdetermined_________(make)useofmysparetimetodoexercise.3._______(determine)tolookafterhisparentswell,hemovedtolivewiththem.4.Ihavedeterminedon______(go)tothecountrysideaftergraduation.5.我已决定毕业后到农村支教。I_____________________________avolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.答案：1.totell2.tomake3.Determined4.going5.havedeterminedon/uponworkingas2.【词汇拓展】_________vt.使失望;使沮丧;使(希望、计划等)落空;挫败→_________adj.失望的；沮丧的→_________adj.令人失望的；扫兴的→_________n.(不可数)失望;挫折答案：disappoint,disappointed,disappointing,disappointment【常用搭配】(be)disappointedat/about/with对……感到失望(be)disappointedtodosth对做某事感到失望(be)disappointedthat从句对……感到失望toone'sdisappointment令人失望的是【即学即练】1.Hewas______________(disappoint)thatotherguestswerenotcoming.2.I'mreallydisappointed____________you,Tom.3.Iwasdisappointed___________notfindingherathome.4.Hewasdisappointed_______(learn)thathisapplicationwasrefused.5.他没有通过考试，这个令人扫兴的消息让我们感到非常失望。Thedisappointingnewsthathefailedtheexam______________________.6.让我们非常失望的是,这次旅行天天下雨。__________________________,itrainedeverydayduringthetrip.答案：1.disappointed2.with/in3.at4.tolearn5.madeusverydisappointed6.Toourgreatdisappointment3.【词汇拓展】_________n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→_________adj.想要的；可取的；值得拥有的答案：desire,desirable【常用搭配】haveastrongdesiretodosth.迫切想要做某事haveastrongdesireforsth.急于想得到某物desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……【知识拓展】desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。【即学即练】1.Ihadastrongdesire______(reach)inandplaywiththetoy,butwasheldbackthankfullybytheshopwindow.2.It'sourdesire________youshouldprovidesomemoneytofundourprogram,aswellasofferussomepracticalsuggestions.3.Wealwaysdesire_________(live)inpeacewithourneighbours.4.Wedesirethatimmediatehelp________(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.答案：1.toreach2.that3.tolive4.(should)begiven4.【词汇拓展】_________adj.依靠的，依赖的→_________n.独立；自主→_________adv.独立地；自立地答案：dependent,independence,independently【常用搭配】beindependentof独立于；不受……约束gainindependence(from)(脱离……)获得独立bedependenton依靠，依赖dependon(＝relyon)依靠，依赖【即学即练】1.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadlived________________(independent).2.警方应该不受政府的直接控制。Thepoliceforce________________________directgovernmentcontrol.3.这个国家在1960年完全独立于英国，当时人们无法掩饰他们的激动之情。Thecountry____________________Britainin1960，whenpeoplecouldn'thidetheirexcitement.4.航班什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoff___________________.答案：1.independently2.shouldbeindependentof3.gainedfullindependencefrom4.dependsmuchontheweather5.signalvt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志【常用搭配】asignalforsbtodosth一个让某人做某事的信号signaltosbtodosth向某人示意做某事signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal(sb.)that示意……signal...tosb.向某人示意……trafficsignals交通信号灯【即学即练】1.She_________(signal)thatshewasabouttoturnleft.2.Mymotherissignallingtome_______(remove)thetable.3.当我把手指放在嘴唇上时，那是让你们安静的信号。WhenIputmyfingertomylips,________________________.4.警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。Thepolice_______________________moveforwardslowly.答案：1.signalled2.toremove3.it'sasignalforyoutobequiet4.signaledthetrafficto6.【词汇拓展】_________n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏→_________adj.短缺的；缺乏的答案：lack，lacking【常用搭配】lacksth.缺少某物alackof...……的缺乏forlackof...因缺乏……havenolackof...不缺乏……belackingin缺乏；缺少【即学即练】1.缺乏锻炼让你身体虚弱，容易遭受疾病的侵袭。_______________________exerciseleavesyourbodywearandeasilyaffectedbydisease.2.因为缺乏空间，在大城市里越来越多的高楼大厦已经被建造。Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltitbigcities____________________space. 3.吉姆的真正问题是他缺乏自信。Jim'srealproblemisthathe_________________________.4.缺少知识的处境比黑夜更黑暗。_________________________isdarkerthannight.答案：1.Alackof/Lackof2.forlackof3.lacksconfidence4.Lackofknowledgedisappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的→_______________adj.令人失望的→_______________vt.使失望→_________________n.失望bedisappointedat/about/withsth.对……感到失望bitterlydisappointed透心凉；心寒【即学即练】Iwasvery_____________(disappoint)withmyself.我对自己感到非常失望。Theconclusionofthebookwas_____________(disappoint).这部书的结尾令人失望。Ihate______________(disappoint)you,butI'mjustnotinterested.我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。Toourgreat_________________(disappoint),itrainedeverydayofthetrip.这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。【答案】disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointvt.使失望→disappointmentn.失望bedisappointedat/about/withsth.对……感到失望bitterlydisappointed透心凉；心寒Iwasverydisappointedwithmyself.我对自己感到非常失望。Theconclusionofthebookwasdisappointing.这部书的结尾令人失望。Ihatetodisappointyou,butI'mjustnotinterested.我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。Toourgreatdisappointment,itrainedeverydayofthetrip.这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。keenadj.热衷的；渴望的→_________adv.敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地bekeentodosth.渴望做某事bekeenforsb.todosth.极力要求某人做某事bekeenon(doing)sth.喜欢/热衷于（做）某事bekeenonsb.喜爱某人Frenchmen______________art.Theymusthaveapreferenceforartisticgifts.法国人崇尚艺术，他们一定喜欢艺术性强的礼品吧They'll_______________enhancetheirreputationabroad.他们会非常渴望提高他们在国外的声誉。Parentsarealwayskeen______theirchildrentobesuccessful,makingtheirchildrenverystressful.父母总是渴望子女出人头地，这让孩子压力很大。_______________learning,goodatcommunicating,courageousinundertaking,andbraveininnovating.乐于学习，善于沟通，敢于承担，勇于创新。Sheremained___________(keen)interestedininternationalaffairs.她一直对国际事务有强烈的兴趣。【答案】Frenchmenarekeenonart.Theymusthaveapreferenceforartisticgifts.法国人崇尚艺术，他们一定喜欢艺术性强的礼品吧They'llbekeentoenhancetheirreputationabroad.他们会非常渴望提高他们在国外的声誉。Parentsarealwayskeenfortheirchildrentobesuccessful,makingtheirchildrenverystressful.父母总是渴望子女出人头地，这让孩子压力很大。Bekeenonlearning,goodatcommunicating,courageousinundertaking,andbraveininnovating.乐于学习，善于沟通，敢于承担，勇于创新。Sheremainedkeenlyinterestedininternationalaffairs.她一直对国际事务有强烈的兴趣。Part2核心句型(教材P40)Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有thenext、theonly、thelast等时，常用不定式作后置定语；(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。[佳句背诵]BeijinghasbecomethefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympicGames.北京成为第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。[练会]——单句语法填空①Mymotheristhefirstwomaninhervillagetoreceive(receive)higheducation.②AsfarasIknow，Amywastheonlypersontowitness(witness)thecaraccident.③It'ssaidthatshehastheabilitytodo(do)thechallengingworkwell.[写美]——完成句子④她是一个网络红人，也是第一个海外粉丝突破千万的中国视频博主(vlogger)。Sheisanonlinecelebrity，whoisalsothefirstChinesevloggertohavemorethan10millionfansoverseas.(教材P42)Forexample,usingcurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyearstogettotheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.例如，使用当前的技术，到达最近的行星——火星，之后再返回将需要花费两年多的时间。Ittakes...todosth.做某事需要……spendsometime(in)doingsth.花费时间做某事[佳句背诵](1)However,ittookmeseveraldaystoadjusttothelifeofthemountainvillage.然而，我花了好几天的时间来适应这个山村的生活。(2)Engineersspentmuchtimeandenergydevelopingbrilliantsolutions.工程师们花费很多时间和精力来开发完美的解决方案。[练会]——单句语法填空①Ittookhimalongtimetoacquire(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.②Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisiting(visit)thepoor.[写美]——完成句子③说实话，说出真相需要很大的勇气。Tobehonest,ittakesgreatcouragetotellthetruth.004随堂小练Part1动词的形式变化和词形转换Witha(determine)look,shemovedforward,openingthedoorandsteppinginside.【答案】determined【详解】考查形容词。句意：她带着坚定的神情向前走去，打开门，走了进去。由空后look为名词可知，此处为形容词determined“坚定的”作定语修饰改名词，满足句意要求。故填determined。(disappoint)atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutitwithhisparents.【答案】Disappointed【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于数学考试不及格，约翰很失望，不想跟他的父母谈论这件事。空格处修饰John应用ed结尾的形容词disappointed作状语，表示人的感觉，意为“感到失望的”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Disappointed。3．Peoplesaythat18marksanewchapterinourlives,andthatweshouldbecomemore(dependence).【答案】independent【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们说，18岁意味着我们生活中的新篇章，我们应该变得更加独立。根据句意可知，此处意为“独立的”，故应用形容词independent作表语，故填independent。4．Weheadedtothegirl,(signal)toherthatshecouldtakepartinthecampaign.【答案】signaling/signalling【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们走向那个女孩，示意她可以参加我们的活动。分析句子结构可知，signal与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填signaling或signalling。5．Havingtheopportunitytoworkwouldmakeretirementmore(intelligent)formanyseniorcitizens.【答案】intelligent【详解】考查形容词。句意：对许多老年人来说，拥有工作的机会会使退休生活更加明智。make+名词+形容词“使得某事......”，intelligent的比较级为moreintelligent。故填intelligent。6．It’sabadloss,butIwas(mental)tough.【答案】mentally【详解】考查副词。句意：这是一个很大的损失，但我精神上很坚强。分析句子可知，此处应填副词作状语修饰空处后形容词，结合语意可知，此处意为“精神上地”，应用副词mentally。故填mentally。7．Itisfortunatethathehasbeenchosen(represent)ourschooltocompetewithotherstudentsinthecontest.【答案】torepresent【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他被选中代表我们学校参加比赛。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，bechosentodosth“被选中做某事”，故填torepresent。8．Suchwarnings(keep)awayfromfireshouldbetakenseriously.【答案】tokeep【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种远离火灾的警告应该认真对待。分析句子，句中shouldbetaken为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处使用不定式结构作定语。故填tokeep。9．Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstone(get)up.【答案】toget【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在我家里，我妈妈总是第一个起床。thefirstone后接动词不定式作定语。故填toget。10．Thecompanyresearchedthemarketdemandanddecided(launch)theirnewproducts.【答案】tolaunch【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家公司研究了市场需求，决定推出他们的新产品。decidetodosth.决定做某事，空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填tolaunch。Part2课文语法填空Peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace.Beforethemid­-20thcentury，mostpeoplefelt1.__________(travel)intospacewasanimpossibledream.However,2.____thehelpofscientists，peoplesucceededinrealisingtheirdream3.__________(explore)space.On4October1957，theSputnik1satellite4.____________(launch)bytheUSSR.5.________scientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong，accidentscanstillhappen.Thesedisastersmadeeveryone6.____________(disappoint)，butpeoplestillbelieveintheimportanceof7.________(carry)onspaceexploration.In2003，Chinabecamethethirdcountryto8._____________(independent)sendhumansintospace.ThenShenzhou6and7completed9.___secondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk.Inspiteofthedifficulties，scientistshopefuture10.___________(discovery)willnotonlyenableustounderstandtheuniversebutalsohelpussurvivewellintothelingwithtoexplorewaslaunchedAlthoughDisappointedcarryingindependentlyadiscoveries005培优提升阅读理解AAlongwitharisingnumberofspacemissionsbygovernmentagenciesandprivateindustries,comesafreshsetofproblemsforEarth:potentiallydangerousspacejunk.ArecentstudypublishedinthescientificjournalNatureAstronomyconcluded“thatcurrentpracticeshavea10percentchanceofoneormoredeathsoveradecade”.Inotherwords,accordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofVictoriaandtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,there’sroughlyaone-in-tenchancethatthenextdecadewillwitnessfallingspacejunkkillsomeone.Thespacejunkorbitingtheearthisanunfortunateby-productofourdesiretoexploreanddocumentspace.Accordingto2021figuresfromNASAandtheDepartmentofDefense’sSpaceSurveillanceData,theagencieswereactivelytrackingmorethan27,000piecesofspacejunk,mostofwhicharelargerthanasoftballandthatcasuallyorbittheplanet.Whilethefloatingspacejunkiscertainlyaproblem,notalltheobjectsthatwentupmustcomedown,and,infact,anumberofpiecessimplyburnupintheatmosphere.Butsometimesthoseobjects,particularlylargeoneslikeusedrocketattachments,giveintogravityandfallbackdowntoEarthtobedealtwithonceagainbytheirhumanmakers.Typically,peopledon’tdieorevengetinjuredbythisphenomenon—manyofthefallingpiecescrashintotheocean.Theyalsohavetodealwiththeunsettlingfeelingofknowingthatlargerocketpiecescanjustfallfromtheskyandthatitmightaffectpeopleincertainpartsoftheworldmorethanothers.Thisposesanobvioussafetyrisktopeopleontheground.“WhensomelargepartsofspacejunkreturntoEarth,thepartsoftheirmasssurvivetheheatofatmosphere.Manyofthesurvivingpiecesarepotentiallydangerous,givingseriousrisksonland,atsea,andtopeopleinairplanes,”thestudyexplains.1．WhatistheconclusionofthestudypublishedinNatureAstronomy?A．Peoplewillseespacejunkeasilyinthefuture.B．Governmentagenciesandprivateindustrieswilldevelopfast.C．Somepeoplemaybehittodeathbyobjectsfromthespace.D．Therewillbea10percentchanceforhumantodiein10years.2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A．Normallyweshouldnotworryaboutspacejunk.B．Thelargespacejunkwillpollutetheocean.C．Thefloatingspacejunkwillcomedownfinally.D．Thespacejunkwillgetburntinthesky.3．Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingpartofthetext?A．Howtofindspacejunk.B．Howtodealwithspacejunk.C．Howtoinformpeopleofthedanger.D．Howtoavoidthedangerofspacejunk.4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．SpaceJunkCausesPollutionB．HowtoTakeBackSpaceJunkC．ExploringSpaceTakesinUnfortunateResultsD．SpaceJunkPutsPeopleatRisk【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空碎片。一项最近发表在科学期刊《自然天文学》上的研究得出结论，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的几率造成一人或多人死亡。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inotherwords,accordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofVictoriaandtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,there’sroughlyaone-in-tenchancethatthenextdecadewillwitnessfallingspacejunkkillsomeone.(换句话说，根据维多利亚大学和英属哥伦比亚大学的研究人员的研究，在未来十年里，大约有十分之一的机会看到太空垃圾坠落致死。)”可知，有些人可能会被来自太空的物体砸死。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whilethefloatingspacejunkiscertainlyaproblem,notalltheobjectsthatwentupmustcomedown,and,infact,anumberofpiecessimplyburnupintheatmosphere.(虽然漂浮的太空垃圾确实是个问题，但并非所有上升的物体都必须下降，事实上，一些碎片只是在大气中燃烧。)”以及“Typically,peopledon’tdieorevengetinjuredbythisphenomenon—manyofthefallingpiecescrashintotheocean.(通常情况下，人们不会死于这种现象，甚至不会受伤——许多坠落的碎片会坠入海洋。)”可知，虽然太空漂浮垃圾是个问题，但是很多碎片在大气中燃烧了，或者在通常情况，即使有许多太空垃圾碎片坠落，但都坠入了海洋。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““WhensomelargepartsofspacejunkreturntoEarth,thepartsoftheirmasssurvivetheheatofatmosphere.Manyofthesurvivingpiecesarepotentiallydangerous,givingseriousrisksonland,atsea,andtopeopleinairplanes,”thestudyexplains.(“当一些大块的太空垃圾返回地球时，它们的质量部分在大气层的高温下幸存下来。许多幸存的碎片都有潜在的危险，对陆地、海上和飞机上的人都有严重的风险，”研究解释说。)”可知，最后一段中指出当一些大块的太空垃圾返回地球时，它们的质量部分在大气层的高温下幸存下来，由此对陆地、海上和飞机上的人都有严重的风险。由此推测下文应该阐述的是如何处理这些太空垃圾。故选B。4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Alongwitharisingnumberofspacemissionsbygovernmentagenciesandprivateindustries,comesafreshsetofproblemsforEarth:potentiallydangerousspacejunk.(随着政府机构和私营企业越来越多的太空任务，给地球带来了一系列新的问题：潜在的危险太空垃圾。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空碎片。一项最近发表在科学期刊《自然天文学》上的研究得出结论，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的几率造成一人或多人死亡。D选项“SpaceJunkPutsPeopleatRisk(太空垃圾使人类处于危险之中)”概括文章主要内容。故选D。BAstronautstravelinginspacemeetformsofradiation(辐射)thatareuncommononEarth.Someofthisradiationhasbeenshowntobeharmfultohumanhealth.Itislinkedtocancersandheartproblems.YetanewAmericanstudysuggeststheradiationdoesnotshortenastronauts’lives.Researchersstudiednearly60yearsofhealthrecordsandotherdataaboutmaleastronautsfromtheUnitedStates.Theythencomparedthisdatawithinformationaboutagroupofmenwhoareingoodhealth,richerthanmostAmericansandreceivegoodhealthcare—professionalathletes.Thestudyfoundthatneithergrouphashigherratesofdyingatayoungage.Infact,bothgroupsgenerallylivelongerthanotherAmericans.Astronautsareusuallywell-educated,earnmoremoneyandareinbetterphysicalconditionsthantheaverageAmericans.Someearlierresearchhaslinkedbeinganastronauttoalowerriskofearlydeath,theresearchersnoted.ThefindingswerereportedinthemedicaljournalOccupational&EnvironmentalMedicine.Muchoftheexistingresearchonmortalityrates(死亡率)inastronautshasnotyetexploredthementalandphysicaldemandsofthisjob.Therealsohasnotbeenalotofresearchonwhetherastronautsshowwhatisknownasthe“healthyworkereffect”.Thiseffectleadspeoplewithemploymentofanykindtohavefewermedicalproblemsthanpeoplewhoareunabletowork