Unit4BodyLanguage课文知识点导学案高中英语人教版选择性

Unit4BodylanguagePartOneTextOneListeningtohowbodiestalkWeusebothwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressourthoughtsandopinionsinourinteractionswithotherpeople.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatpeoplearethinkingbywatchingtheirbodylanguage.Wordsareimportant,butthewaypeoplestand,holdtheirarms,andmovetheirhandscanalsogiveusinformationabouttheirfeelings.Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.Forexample,makingeyecontact—lookingintosomeone’seyes—insomecountriesisawaytodisplayinterest.Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.Forexample,inmanyMiddleEasterncountries,menandwomenarenotsociallypermittedtomakeeyecontact.InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.Thegesturefor“OK”hasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.InJapan,someonewhowitnessanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.InFrance,apersonencouraginganidenticalgesturemayinterpretitasmeaningzero.However,youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asitisnotconsideredpolite.Eventhegesturesweusefor“yes”and“no”differaroundtheworld.Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”,andnoddingmeans“yes”.Byparison,inBulgariaandsouthernAlbania,thegestureshavetheoppositemeaning.Therearealsodifferencesinhowwetoucheachother,howclosewestandtosomeonewearetalkingto,andhowweactwhenwemeetorpart.IncountrieslikeFranceandRussia,peoplemaykisstheirfriendsonthecheekwhentheymeet.Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.Somegesturesseemtohavethesamemeaningeverywhere.Placingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesmeans“sleep”.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafterameal.Somebodylanguagehasmanydifferentuses.Perhapsthebestexampleissmiling.Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.Wecanuseasmiletoapologize,togreetsomeone,toaskforhelp,ortostartaconversation.Expertssuggestsmilingatyourselfinthemirrortomakeyourselffeelhappierandstronger.Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.PartOneTextTwoHowdoIknowmystudents?Asaneducator,peopleoftenaskmehowIknowwhatisgoingoninthemindsofmystudents.Manystudentsarequiteshyanddon’tspeakallthatmuch.Atthesametime,inaclassroomofmorethanfortystudents,itishardtohavemanyoneononconversationswitheachperson.So,howcanIreallyknowwhatmakeseachstudenttick?Myanswer?Ilookattheirbodylanguage.Itiseasytorecognizewhenstudentsareinterestedinalesson.Mosttendtolookupandmakeeyecontact.WhenImakeajoke,theysmile.WhenItalkaboutsomethingdifficult,theylookconfused.Iknowwhenstudentsarereallyinterested,however,becausetheyleanforwardandlookatme.Peoplehaveatendencytoleantowardswhatevertheyareinterestedin.=1\*GB3①Soifastudenthashisheadloweredtolookathiswatch,itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.Iftwofriendsareleaningtheirheadstogether,theyareprobablywritingnotestoeachother.=2\*GB3②Ofcourse,noteveryonewholooksupispayingattentioninclass.Somestudentslookup,butthereisanabsenceofeyecontact.Theireyesbarelymove,andtheyalwayshavethesamedistantexpressionontheirfaces.Itisasthoughtheyareasleepwiththeireyesopen.Somestudentsareamusedbysomethingelse.Theyspendalltheirtimelookinganywherebutatme.Thenagain,somestudents’favoriteactivityisdaydreaming.Withtheirchinsontheirhands,theyoccupythemselvesbystaringoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.Theyarecertainlyinterestedinsomething,butwhoknowswhat.Thenmainthingisremindingdistractedstudentsthattheyneedtopayattentioninclass.Whileitiseasytoperceivewhenstudentsareinterested,bored,ordistracted,itissometimesmuchhardertodistinguishwhenstudentsaretroubled.Studentswhoareangry,afraid,orexperiencinganxietymayhavetheirarmscrossedinfrontoftheirchestsandtheirlegsclosedorcrossed,liketheyareguardingtheirbodies.Studentswhoaresadorworriedwillnearlyalwayswearafrown.Theymayalsohidetheirfacesintheirhandsliketheyareembarrassedorashamed.Somestudentsactthiswaymerelybecausetheyareafraidofbeingcalledonbytheteacher.However,ifastudentdoesnotbothertobrushherhairandhereyesareredfromweeping,thenIcaninferthattherearedeeperissuesatwork.Itcouldbethatsheishavingseriousconflictswithotherstudentsorathome.Whateveritis,IknowIneedtoinquireandasseswhatisgoingon.Ultimately,mydutyishelpingeverystudenttolearn.Theirbodylanguageletsmeknowwhentoadjustclassactivities,whentointervene,andwhentotalktostudentsindividually,sotheycanallgetthemostoutofschool.Reachingtobodylanguageisanimportantponentofbeingateacher.=1\*GB3①Soifastudenthashisheadloweredtolookathiswatch,itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend. “havesth.done”结构1）使某事被做（可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做，have可用get替换）[例]Hemanagedtohavetheworkfinishedyesterday.（主语自己做）IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographtaken.（他人做）2）遭遇/经历某种不幸的事（此事违背主语意愿）[例]Helookedupsetbecausehehadhisproposalturneddownagain.拓展：1）havesb.dosth.让某人做某事（=getsb.todosth.）2）can’t/won’thavesb.doingsth.不能允许/容忍某人做某事=2\*GB3②Ofcourse,noteveryonewholooksupispayingattentioninclass. 部分否定·表示总括性的词，如all，both，every，everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere，always等，与否定副词not连用时，不论not在前面还是在后面都表示部分否定，意为“并非都…，并不总是”[例]Notallthepeoplewereinfavoroftheeducationreform.=Allthepeopleweren’tinfavoroftheeducationreform.拓展：全部否定1）否定词not+any/anybody/anything/anywhere等[例]Hehasn’tpaidanyofthemoney.2）表示全部否定意义的词（no,none,nobody,nothing,noone,neither等）+表示肯定意义的谓语[例]Noneofuscouldpersuadehimintogivingupsmoking.3）表示整体概念的词（all,every,both等）+谓语动词+表示全部否定意义的词（nothing,nobody,none等）[例]Allhisplanscametonothingbecauseofasmallmistake.PartTwoKeyWord1.interactionn.交流；相互影响2.varyvi.（根据情况）变化；改变_______________根据…的不同而变化_______________从…到…不等_______________在…方面不同_______________随…而变化[拓展]同根词_______________n.（同一事物的）不同种类；多样化_______________多种多样的_______________adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的_______________adj.各种各样的；变化的，多变的3.appropriateadj.合适的；恰当的_______________适合…_______________做某事（对某人来说）很合适4.bycontrast相比之下_______________与…形成对比5.approve1）vi.赞成；同意_______________赞成_______________同意/赞成（某人）做某事2）vt.批准；通过[拓展]同根词_______________adj.赞成的，同意的_______________n.同意，赞成；批准，认可_______________赞同地_______________批准_______________得到某人的赞同_______________vi.不赞成，反对6.demonstratevt.表现；表达；说明；证明7.gesturen.手势；姿势；姿态8.witness1）vt.当场看到；目击；见证2）n.目击者；证人________________看见（某事发生）；为…提供证据________________为…作证；证明9.employ1）vt.使用；应用；雇用_______________使用方法/技巧_______________雇用某人为…_______________雇佣某人做某事2）vt.花时间做，忙于做（某事）_______________忙于（做）某事[拓展]同根词_______________n.雇主，老板_______________n.雇员，受雇者_______________n.就业；雇佣_______________有工作，在职10.identicaladj.相同的_______________与…相同11.interpretvt.把…理解（解释）为vi.&vt.口译12.differvi.不同于；相异_______________不同于…_______________在…方面不同_______________与某人（在某方面）意见相左[拓展]同根词_______________adj.不同的_______________与…不同_______________n.区别；不同之处_______________区分/辨别A和B_______________对…有意义，起作用_______________无影响13.byparison（与…）相比较_______________（与…）相比，比较起来_______________作对比[拓展]pare_______________将…与…作比较_______________把A比作B_______________比得上_______________与…相比14.cheekn.面颊；脸颊15.favour1）vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于_______________更喜欢做某事2）n.恩惠；赞同；帮助_______________帮某人的忙_______________请求某人帮忙_______________欠某人一个情_______________支持；赞同_______________对某人有利[拓展]同根词_______________adj.赞同的；有利的16.bowvi.鞠躬；点头vt.低（头）n.弓；蝴蝶结17.waistn.腰部；腰18.makeinferences推理；推断19.breakdown1）vt.消除，驱除（人与人之间的隔阂等）[例]Employingbodylanguagewillhelpyoubreakdownmunicationbarriers.2）vt.把…分类，划分[例]Eachlessonisbrokendownintoseveralunits.3）vt.使分解（为）；使变化（成）[例]Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownthefoodintousefulsubstances.4）vi.（机器或车辆）坏掉，出故障[例]Onmywaytothestationmycarbrokedown.5）vi.（身体等）垮掉；感情失控，忍不住开始哭[例]Withtheincreasingburdenofhiswork,hishealthfinallybrokedownandhehadtotakeagoodrest.6）vi.（讨论或会谈）失败，（关系）破裂[例]Newreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.[拓展]break_______________解散；破碎；结束_______________（从…）脱离/逃脱_______________破门而入；打断谈话_______________强行进入（某处）；突然开始（笑、哭、唱等）_______________突然笑起来/哭起来_______________突破；冲破_______________（战争、火灾等）爆发20.barriern.隔阂；障碍21.fakeadj.假装的；假的；冒充的22.anger1）n.愤怒；怒气_______________充满怒气_______________使某人（大为）生气的是_______________抑制某人的怒火2）vt.使生气；激怒_______________使某人生气[拓展]同根词_______________adj.生气的_______________对某人生气_______________对某事生气23.reliableadj.可靠的；可信赖的[拓展]同根词_______________v.依赖，依靠；信任，信赖_______________依靠，信赖（某人做某事）_______________相信…_______________n.可靠性24.incidentn.发生的事情；严重事件；冲突25.trialn.&v.审讯；审判；试验；试用26.slightadj.轻微的；略微的；细小的27.slightlyadv.略微；稍微28.twinn.双胞胎之一；孪生之一adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的29.nonverbaladj.不涉及言语的；非言语的30.assessmentn.评价；评定_______________对…进行评估31.assessvt.评估；评价；估算，核定（数量、价值）_______________评定…为…_______________估算/核定…为…（数量/价值）32.internaladj.内部的；里面的33.straightenup1）直起身来，挺直身子[例]Pleasestraightenyourselfupandimaginethatyourheadistouchingthesky.2）整理，收拾整齐（=tidyup）[例]Youshouldstraightenupyourroombeforegoingout.[拓展]straighten_______________解决（问题）；整顿（混乱情况）；（使）改好，（使）变好34.slumpvi.垂头弯腰地走35.posen.故作姿态；（为画像、拍照等摆的）姿势；vi.摆好姿势vt.造成（威胁、问题等）36.bend1）vt.&vi.（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向_______________弯下腰_______________屈膝_______________低头_______________屈服于某人的意愿_______________专心于2）n.拐弯，弯道_______________突然转向…37.revealvt.揭示；显示；露出38.clarifyvt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清[拓展]同根词_______________n.阐明；澄清39.inotherwords换句话说；也就是说[拓展]word_______________总之，简言之_______________食言_______________遵守诺言_______________逐字地，一字不差地_______________无法用语言表达_______________收回前言_______________和某人说话_______________与某人争吵_______________有消息说…40.educatorn.教师；教育工作者；教育家41.tickvt.给（试卷、问题等）打钩号42.tendencyn.趋势；倾向_______________（某人/某物）有做某事的趋势_______________倾向于做某事_______________…的趋势/倾向[拓展]同根词_______________v.倾向；趋于_______________往往会做某事_______________照顾某人/照料某物_______________有…的趋势，倾向于43.lowervt.把…放低；降低；减少adj.下面的；下方的；较小的44.implyvt.意味着；暗示45.barelyadv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚46.chinn.下巴47.occupy1）vt.使忙于（做某事），忙着（做某事）_______________使…忙于某事_______________忙于做…2）占据，占领；占用（时间、空间、面积等）=takeup[拓展]同根词_______________adj.被占用的；忙于…的_______________忙于做某事_______________n.职业；工作；居住；占领；占用；业余活动48.stare1）vi.盯着看；凝视_______________盯着…看；凝视_______________直视某人2）n.凝视[拓展]stareat/glanceat/glareat易混词区别stareat指长时间盯着某个目标看，常带有吃惊、茫然或不友善的意味glanceat指由于时间紧张匆匆一看或瞥一眼，强调看的时间短暂glareat指由于生气瞪着眼睛看，强调敌对或威胁的态度49.ceilingn.天花板；上限50.distractvt.分散（注意力）；使分心51.perceivevt.察觉；看待；理解52.distinguishvi.&vt.区分；辨别_______________区别/辨别A和B_______________区分A和B；使A有别于B_______________（作为/因/在…）出众/著名[拓展]同根词_______________adj.卓越的；杰出的；高贵的_______________因…而著称_______________作为…而著名53.anxietyn.1）焦虑；担心；害怕_______________对…的忧虑/焦虑_______________焦虑地2）渴望_______________做某事的渴望_______________对某物/某事的渴望[拓展]同根词_______________adj.忧虑的，担心的；渴望的_______________为…担心_______________渴望得到某物_______________渴望做某事54.chestn.胸部；胸膛55.embarrassedadj.难堪的；尴尬的_______________因…而感到窘迫_______________做某事而感到尴尬[拓展]同根词_______________vt.使尴尬_______________adj.令人难堪的_______________n.尴尬_______________令某人尴尬的是56.ashamedadj.羞愧的；惭愧的_______________为…感到羞愧_______________羞于做某事[拓展]同根词_______________n.羞愧；羞耻；惭愧；让人遗憾的事_______________让某人惭愧的是_______________…真遗憾_______________adj.可耻的，丢脸的____________