专题03说明文类阅读

专题03：说明文类阅读【01】江苏省苏州市2022~2023学年高二下学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷英语试卷【02】江苏省镇江市八校20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷【03】江苏省镇江第一中学20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷【04】江苏省镇江第一中学20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷【05】江苏省宿迁市20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷【06】江苏省南京市金陵中学20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试题【07】江苏省徐州市20222023学年高二下学期期末抽测英语试题【08】江苏省泰州市2022~2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题【09】江苏省泰州市2022~2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题【10】江苏省淮安市20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试题Passage1WhenhemovedfromSouthAfricatoNewYorkCity,NormanRosenthalnoticedhefeltmoredepressedduringthecold,shortdaysofthecity’swintersthanhehadinhishomecountry.“Itwasanillnesshidinginplainsightbecausepeoplesaid‘wellthat’showeveryonefeelsinwinter.’Theydidn’tseeitastreatable,”saysRosenthal,adoctoratGeorgetownMedicalSchool.In1984,hepublishedthefirstpapertoscientificallynamethewinterblues:Seasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD),alsocalledseasonaldepression,wasatypeofdepressionbroughtonbythedarkdaysofwinter.Followingstudieshavefoundthatthisformofdepressionvariesbygeography.And,surprisingly,about10percentofpatientssufferingfromSADhavesymptoms(症状)inthesummertimeinstead.“It’sfairlyacceptedthatthecauseisashortphotoperiod—thenumberofhoursfromdawntodusk,”saysKellyRohan,apsychologistattheUniversityofVermontwhospecializesinthedisorder.“It’sthestrongestpredictorofwhenthesymptomsbegin.”Butwhy,exactly,doeslessdaylightseemtomakesomepeopleclinicallydepressed?“That’sthemilliondollarquestion,”saysRohan.Oneleadingtheoryisthatthechangeindaylightinterruptsourbodies’releaseofachemicalelement,whichthebrainreleaseseverynighttopromotesleep.Thatistosay,thereisanaturalbiologicalclockinourbodycontrollingwhenwesleepandwake.Ourclocksareremindedbymorninglight,butasthesupplyofdaylightdecreasesinwinter,thechemicalelementmaybereleasedlaterandwearofflater,thetheorysuggests.Thatmeans,“thatalarmclockmightbegoingoffinthemorning,butthebodyisstillinastateofbiologicalnight,”saysRohan.Evengiventhattheory,shesaysit’sstillunclearwhytheinterruptedbiologicalclockcanleadtodepression,insteadofjustfeelingwornout.ForthosewhothinktheymaybeexperiencingSAD,expertssayaprofessionaldiagnosis(诊断)isavitalfirststeptowardtreatment.1．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Astorycollection. B．Asciencemagazine.C．Ahealthproposal. D．Anacademicpaper.2．WhydidRosenthalfeelmoredepressedinNewYorkinwinter?A．Becausehemissedhishome.B．Becausethedaysthereareshorter.C．Becausehecaughtabadcold.D．Becausehehadahiddenillness.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refertoinParagraph4?A．Thecause. B．Thedisorder.C．Theshortphotoperiod. D．Thenumberofhours.4．WhatcanwelearnaboutSADfromthetext?A．SADpatientsjustfeeltiredout.B．Everyonesuffersfromitinwinter.C．SADpatientsarelesslikelytobecured.D．It’sprobablycausedbyinterruptedbiologicalclock.【来源】江苏省苏州市2022~2023学年高二下学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷英语试卷【答案】1．B2．B3．C4．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对季节性情感障碍（SAD）及其可能的形成原因进行了介绍。1．推理判断题。根据第三段“In1984,hepublishedthefirstpapertoscientificallynamethewinterblues:Seasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD),alsocalledseasonaldepression,wasatypeofdepressionbroughtonbythedarkdaysofwinter.Followingstudieshavefoundthatthisformofdepressionvariesbygeography.And,surprisingly,about10percentofpatientssufferingfromSADhavesymptoms(症状)inthesummertimeinstead.(1984年，他发表了第一篇论文，科学地命名了冬季抑郁症：季节性情感障碍（SAD），也称为季节性抑郁症，是一种由冬季黑暗的日子引起的抑郁症。随后的研究发现，这种形式的抑郁症因地理位置而异。令人惊讶的是，大约10%的SAD患者在夏季出现症状。)”可知，这篇文章有可能来自一本科学杂志。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenhemovedfromSouthAfricatoNewYorkCity,NormanRosenthalnoticedhefeltmoredepressedduringthecold,shortdaysofthecity’swintersthanhehadinhishomecountry.(当诺曼·罗森塔尔从南非搬到纽约时，他注意到，在这座城市冬季寒冷而短暂的日子里，他比在自己的祖国更感到沮丧。)”和第四段第一句中的“It’sfairlyacceptedthatthecauseisashortphotoperiod—thenumberofhoursfromdawntodusk(人们普遍认为，造成这种现象的原因是短暂的光周期——从黎明到黄昏的几个小时)”可知，罗森塔尔在纽约的冬天会感到更沮丧是因为那里的白天更短。故选B。3．词句猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“It’sfairlyacceptedthatthecauseisashortphotoperiod—thenumberofhoursfromdawntodusk(人们普遍认为，造成这种现象的原因是短暂的光周期——从黎明到黄昏的几个小时)”可知，此处是指短暂的光周期是症状开始的最有力的预测指标，所以it是指“短暂的光周期”。故选C。4．推理判断题。根据第五段第三句和第四句“Oneleadingtheoryisthatthechangeindaylightinterruptsourbodies’releaseofachemicalelement,whichthebrainreleaseseverynighttopromotesleep.Thatistosay,thereisanaturalbiologicalclockinourbodycontrollingwhenwesleepandwake.(一种主流理论认为，日光的变化会干扰我们身体释放一种化学元素，而大脑每天晚上都会释放这种化学元素来促进睡眠。也就是说，我们的身体里有一个自然的生物钟来控制我们什么时候睡觉，什么时候醒来。)”可知，季节性情感障碍可能是由被干扰的生物钟引起的。故选D。Passage2Theworld’sforestsmayholdmoresecretsthanpreviouslythought:anewglobalestimateoftreebiodiversitysuggeststhatthereareabout9,200treespeciesremainingundocumented.Mostarelikelyinthetropics,accordingtothenewresearch.Thenewresearchdrewontheeffortsofhundredsofcontributors,whohavecategorizedtreesintwohugedatasets:One,theGlobalForestBiodiversityInitiative,recordseveryspeciesfoundinextensivelydocumentedforestplotsworldwide.Theother,TREECHANGE,putstogethersightingsofindividualspecies.Togethertheysuggestthereareapproximately64,100recordedtreespeciesontheplanet—upfrompreviousestimatesofaround60,000.Theresearchersreachedtheirestimateofanadditional9,200yetundocumentedspeciesonthebasisofthenumberofrareonesalreadyinthedatabases.Mostunknownspeciesarelikelytobedefinedasrare,foundinlimitednumbersinsmallgeographicalareas,saysthequantitativeforestecologistJingjingLiang.Theteam’sresultis“aratherconservativeestimate,”Liangsays,“becausescientistsknowlessaboutthepreponderanceofunmontreesinplacessuchastheAmazon,whereoutofthewayspotscouldhostpocketsofunusualspeciesfoundnowhereelse.”“IfwecanfocustheresourcesonthoserainforestsintheAmazon,”Liangadds,“thenwewouldbeabletoestimateitwithhigherconfidence.”Silman,aconservationbiologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthenewstudyagreesthatthestudyresultislikelyanunderestimate.Hisandhiscolleagues’localsurveyssuggestthereareatleast3,000andpossiblymorethan6,000unknowntreespeciesintheAmazonbasinalone.Treespeciesoftengetgroupedtogetherbasedonappearance,henotes,sonewgeneticanalysistechniqueswilllikelyleadtothediscoveryofevenmorebiodiversity.Slimanwondershowmanyspecieswillgoextinctbeforescientistsdescribethem.“HowmanyarealreadyknowntonativepeoplesintheAmazon—orwereknowntopeoplesorcultureswhohavethemselvesbeenmadeextinctthroughcolonization,disease,orabsorption?Howmany“species”alreadyhavedriedsamplessittinginacabinet?”hesays.Searchingforthenewspecieswillinformnotonlyconservationbutthebasicevolutionaryscienceofhowandwhyspeciesdiversifyanddieout,Silmansays.“Justthefactthattherearethousandsofspeciesofsomethingasmonastreesouttherethatarestilllefttobediscovered,”headds,“Ifindprettyinspirational.”5．Whatisthefindingofthenewresearch?A．Aboutninethousandnewtreespecieshavebeenidentified.B．Thousandsoftreespeciesremainunknowntoscience.C．Maintainingtreediversityhasbeeaglobalchallenge.D．Humanactivitieshaveledtothereducednumberoftrees.6．Whatcanbelearnedabouttheresearchmethod?A．Theresearchersadoptedqualitymethodtoanalyzedata.B．Theresearchersdidextensivefieldstudyinoutofthewayspots.C．Inferringfromtheexistingdadaisthemainresearchmethod.D．Doingsurveysandinterviewsisthemainresearchmethod.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preponderance”inparagraph3probablymean?A．majority B．evolution C．cultivation D．capability8．AccordingtoSilman,oneofthereasonsfortheunderestimateofthetreespeciesmaybethat________.A．geneticanalysistechniquefailedtoproduceaccurateinformationB．treesofsimilarsizesintheAmazonbasinaregroupedtogetherC．toomanyraretreesweremadeintodriedsamplesbeforebeingdocumentedD．thelocalpeoplesorthelocalculturesarenotfullyawareofthetreespecies.【来源】江苏省镇江市八校20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷【答案】5．B6．C7．A8．D【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过新的调查研究，得出的对全球的树木生物种类的数量估算，其中还包括一些未记录在案的树种；同时一些生物学家通过调查认为在亚马逊热带雨林里面，还有许多不知名的树种等待人们去发现，这也令这些生物学家们倍受鼓舞。5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theworld’sforestsmayholdmoresecretsthanpreviouslythought:anewglobalestimateoftreebiodiversitysuggeststhatthereareabout9,200treespeciesremainingundocumented.(世界上的森林可能蕴藏着比以前认为的更多的秘密：一项新的全球树木生物多样性估计表明，大约有9200种树木未被记录在案)”可知，该项新研究指出成千上万的树种仍不为科学所知。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thenewresearchdrewontheeffortsofhundredsofcontributors,whohavecategorizedtreesintwohugedatasets.(这项新研究利用了数百名贡献者的努力，他们在两个巨大的数据集中对树木进行了分类)”和第三段“Theresearchersreachedtheirestimateofanadditional9,200yetundocumentedspeciesonthebasisofthenumberofrareonesalreadyinthedatabases.(根据数据库中已有的稀有物种的数量，研究人员得出了他们对另外9200个尚未记录的物种的估计)”可知，该研究的主要方法是从已有的数据中进行推断得出结论。故选C。7．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“suchastheAmazon,whereoutofthewayspotscouldhostpocketsofunusualspeciesfoundnowhereelse.(比如亚马逊，在那里偏僻的地方可能有一些其他地方没有的不常见的树种)”可知，这里通过举例子说明划线词所在部分“scientistsknowlessaboutthepreponderanceofunmontreesinplacessuchastheAmazon(科学家们对亚马逊等地大多数不常见的树木知之甚少)”中，在如亚马逊雨林这种地方有很多科学家们没见过、不了解的树种，所以他们对这里大多数不常见的树木都知之甚少，故划线词表示“大多数”，与“themajorityof”同义。故选A。8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Slimanwondershowmanyspecieswillgoextinctbeforescientistsdescribethem.“HowmanyarealreadyknowntonativepeoplesintheAmazon—orwereknowntopeoplesorcultureswhohavethemselvesbeenmadeextinctthroughcolonization,disease,orabsorption?Howmany“species”alreadyhavedriedsamplessittinginacabinet?”hesays.(Sliman想知道有多少树种会在科学家描述它们之前灭绝。“已经有多少树种被亚马逊当地人所熟知，又有多少是被因殖民、疾病或同化而灭绝的民族或文化所知道的？有多少“物种”已经有干燥的样本放在橱柜里？”他说)。”可知，Sliman认为当地的民族或文化也不完全了解这些树种，所以这也是树种数量被低估的一个原因。故选D。Passage3Thecold,wetweatherofwinteroftenputsoutanywildfiresthatarestillburning,butnotinthefarNorthareas,suchasAlaska,Canada,andotherpartsofNorthAmerica.Someforestfiresjustdon’tdieintheseplaces.Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.Theyburndeadplantmatterandsoilsundersnow.InMay2021,scientistsreportedtheirworktoascientificjournal.Thescientistssawthatzombiefiresarerarebuttheycouldbeemoremonastheworldwarms,thestudywarns.“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear’sfire,”explainsRebeccaScholten.ShestudiesEarthandenvironmentalsciencesatVrijeUniversityAmsterdamintheNetherlands.Thenewfiresmadescientistswonderhowoftenfiresmightsurvivethewinter.Thescientistsstartedbybingthroughfirefighterreports.ThentheyparedthesewithsatelliteimagesofAlaskaandnorthernCanada.Thescientistslookedforfiresthatbeganclosetofiresfromtheyearbefore.Theyalsofocusedonblazesstartingbeforethemiddleofsummer.Randomlightningorhumanactionssparkmostfiresinthearea,Scholtensays.Butthosefireshappenlaterintheyear.Zombiefiresaccountedforlessthan1percentofthetotalareaburnedbyfiresfrom2002to2018.Butitchangedfromyeartoyear.Take2008,forexample.AzombiefireburnedAlaskathatyear.Itcausedalmostonethirdoffiredamagethatyear.Oneclearpatternemerged:Zombiefiresweremorelikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.Hightemperaturesmayallowfirestoreachmoredeeplyintothesoil.Suchdeepburnsaremorelikelytosurvivetospring.Thezombiefirethreatcouldgrow.Theclimateiswarming.ForestsinthefarNorthalreadyarewarmingfaster.“We’reseeingmorehotsummersandmorelargefiresandintenseburning,”Scholtensays.Plus,zombiefirescouldcausemoreissues.Thefiresreleasehugeamountsofgreenhousegases.ThesetrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.TheatmosphereisalayerofgasesthatsurroundtheEarth.Scholten’sresearchcouldhelpfiremanagement.Firefighterswouldknowtocheckforthemafterwarmsummers.9．Whatmayleadtozombiefiresaccordingtothepassage?A．wetweather B．hottersummersC．lowtemperatures D．coldwinters10．WhatcanwelearnaboutzombiefiresfromParagraph2?A．Whereflamesbrokeoutprovidedtheclue.B．Changingclimateplaysaroleinthezombiefirethreat.C．Zombiefiresarelesslikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.D．Itisoflittleuseparingfirefighterreportswithsatelliteimages.11．Whatconclusionwillbepossiblymadebasedonthelastparagraph?A．Itisimportanttounderstandzombiefires.B．Zombiefiresarelikelytobeundercontrolsoon.C．Firefighterscannotdomuchtostopthezombiefires.D．Westillhavemuchtolearnaboutthewarmingclimate.12．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A．“Zombie“wildfiresdogreatdamagetolandB．“Zombie”wildfiresreleasegreenhousegasesC．“Zombie“wildfiressparkedbyhumanactionsD．“Zombie”wildfiresreappearafterwinteringunderground【来源】江苏省镇江第一中学20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷【答案】9．B10．A11．A12．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了什么是“僵尸火”、“僵尸火”发生的原因及其危害等。9．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Someforestfiresjustdon’tdieintheseplaces.Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.(在这些地方，有些森林火灾是不会熄灭的。把火灾想象成“僵尸”：科学家就是这样认为的。当夏天比平常温暖时，一些火灾可以隐藏整个冬天。)”可知，热的夏天可能会导致僵尸火灾。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear’sfire(有些年份，新的火灾发生的地点与前一年的火灾非常接近)”和“Thescientistslookedforfiresthatbeganclosetofiresfromtheyearbefore.(科学家们寻找的是前一年附近发生的火灾。)”可知，火灾发生的地点提供了僵尸火灾的线索。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Plus,zombiefirescouldcausemoreissues.

Thefiresreleasehugeamountsofgreenhousegases.

ThesetrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.

TheatmosphereisalayerofgasesthatsurroundtheEarth.

Scholten’sresearchcouldhelpfiremanagement.

Firefighterswouldknowtocheckforthemafterwarmsummers.(另外，僵尸火灾可能会引发更多问题。大火释放出大量的温室气体。它们将热量困在地球大气中。大气层是环绕地球的一层气体。Scholten的研究可能有助于火灾管理。在温暖的夏天之后，消防员会知道要检查它们。)”可知，根据最后一段可能得出的结论是了解僵尸火灾很重要。故选A。12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.Theyburndeadplantmatterandsoilsundersnow.InMay2021,scientistsreportedtheirworktoascientificjournal.Thescientistssawthatzombiefiresarerarebuttheycouldbeemoremonastheworldwarms,thestudywarns.(把火灾想象成“僵尸”：科学家就是这样认为的。当夏天比平常温暖时，一些火灾可以隐藏整个冬天。它们燃烧死的植物和积雪下的土壤。2021年5月，科学家们向一家科学杂志报告了他们的工作。研究警告说，科学家们发现僵尸火灾很罕见，但随着全球变暖，它们可能会变得越来越普遍。)”可知，本文主要讲的是僵尸火灾很罕见，但随着全球变暖，它们可能会变得越来越普遍，因此最好的题目是D选项““Zombie”wildfiresreappearafterwinteringunderground(“僵尸”野火在地下过冬后再次出现)”。故选D。Passage4Ateamofscientistsrecentlypublishedoneofthemostprehensiveeffortsyettounderstandjusthowmuchcarbongreatwhalesabsorbfromtheocean,andthevaluethatpresentsinthefightagainstclimatechange.“Whalesarelargebodiedanimals,andtheyliveforalongtime.Manyofthemmigrateovervastdistances,”saidstudyleaderHeibiPearson,amarinebiologistattheUniversityofAlaskaSoutheast.“Andsotheyhavethepotentialtohavethesehugeimpactsontheecosystem,includingthecarboncycle.”Intheirmostdirectimpact,whalebodiesholdanenormousamountofcarbonthatwouldotherwisebeintheoceanoratmosphere.Twelvegreatwhalespeciesholdanestimated2milliontonsofcarbonintheirbodies,theauthorsfound.

Andthat’sjustthelivingmembersofthewhalefamily.Another62,000tonsofcarboniskeptundertheseaeveryyearintheformofwhalefalls.Whenawhalediesinopenwaterandsinksintothedeep,alifetimeofcollectedcarbongoeswithit.Itcantakeupto1,000yearsforwaterandelementsatthebottomoftheseatocyclebackuptothesurface,whichmeansthatcarboniseffectivelysequesteredforthatlong.Inaddition,whales’wastefacilitatesthegrowthoforganismsatthebaseofthemarinefoodchain,promotingthegrowthofcarbonconsuminglifethroughouttheecosystem.

However,whalepopulationsstillhaven’trecoveredfromthedestructiveeffectsofindustrialwhaling.mercialhuntinginthe19thand20thcenturiesdecreasedthetotalmassofwhalesontheplanetby81%,accordingtotheauthors.“Whalesalonearenotgoingtosolveclimatechange,butthinkingaboutwhalesasplayingaroleinthecarboncyclecanhelpmotivatewhaleconservation,”saidAndrewPershing,acoauthorofthestudy.“Therearealotofwinwinsthere,andIthinkthat’sverytrueofalotofnaturalclimatesolutions.”13．Howdowhalesinfluencetheclimatechange?A．Bystoringcarbonintheirbodies. B．Byspeedingthecarboncycle.C．Byabsorbingcarbonfromtheair. D．Byconsumingcarbonontheirmigration.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sequestered”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Employed. B．Trapped. C．Monitored. D．Measured.15．Whatcanwelearnaboutwhalesfromthetext?A．Theirpopulationhasrisenby81%.B．Theirwastecontributestotheecosystem.C．Whalehuntinghasbeenbannedaltogether.D．Theirdeathwillbreakthemarinefoodchain.16．WhatisimpliedinAndrewPershing’swords?A．Wecanrelyonwhalestochangeclimate.B．Whaleprotectionstillhasalongwaytogo.C．We’llsoonwinthebattleagainstclimatechange.D．Whaleprotectionisbeneficialtosolvingclimateissues.【来源】江苏省镇江第一中学20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷【答案】13．A14．B15．B16．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，该研究揭露了大型鲸鱼应对气候变化方面的价值。13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Intheirmostdirectimpact,whalebodiesholdanenormousamountofcarbonthatwouldotherwisebeintheoceanoratmosphere.Twelvegreatwhalespeciesholdanestimated2milliontonsofcarbonintheirbodies,theauthorsfound.(在它们最直接的影响中，鲸鱼身体含有大量的碳，否则这些碳会在海洋或大气中。作者发现，12种大型鲸鱼体内估计含有200万吨碳。)”可知，鲸鱼影响气候的直接方式就是在身体中储存大量的碳，否则这些碳将会在海洋或大气中。故选A。14．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Another62,000tonsofcarboniskeptundertheseaeveryyearintheformofwhalefalls.Whenawhalediesinopenwaterandsinksintothedeep,alifetimeofcollectedcarbongoeswithit.Itcantakeupto1,000yearsforwaterandelementsatthebottomoftheseatocyclebackuptothesurface(每年还有62000吨碳以鲸鱼的形式保存在海底。当一头鲸鱼死在开阔水域并沉入深海时，它一生收集的碳也随之而去。海底的水和元素可能需要长达1000年的时间才能循环回到海面)”可知，鲸鱼死亡时身体中的碳随鲸鱼一起沉入海底，需要长达1000年才能循环回到海面，因此碳是被隔离在它的身体内，划线单词sequestered意为“隔离、储存”。与选项B“Trapped(困住，绊住)”意思接近。故选B。15．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Inaddition,whales’wastefacilitatesthegrowthoforganismsatthebaseofthemarinefoodchain,promotingthegrowthofcarbonconsuminglifethroughouttheecosystem.(此外，鲸鱼的废物促进了海洋食物链底部生物的生长，促进了整个生态系统中消耗碳的生命的生长。)”可知，鲸鱼的废物促进了整个生态系统中消耗碳的生命的生长。故选B。16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Whalesalonearenotgoingtosolveclimatechange,butthinkingaboutwhalesasplayingaroleinthecarboncyclecanhelpmotivatewhaleconservation,”saidAndrewPershing,acoauthorofthestudy.“Therearealotofwinwinsthere,andIthinkthat’sverytrueofalotofnaturalclimatesolutions.”(该研究的合著者AndrewPershing说：“仅靠鲸鱼无法解决气候变化问题，但考虑到鲸鱼在碳循环中发挥的作用，可以帮助激励鲸鱼保护。这是双赢的，我认为很多自然气候解决方案都是如此。”)”可知，AndrewPershing认为鲸鱼在碳循环中发挥作用，鲸鱼保护有助于解决气候变化问题。故选D。Passage5Haveyoueverimaginedgettingtotheairportinaflyingtaxi,soaringoverthosewhoarestuckintrafficbelow?Whatwouldyoufeelifelectricairtaxiscouldonedaytakeyoufromdowntowntothesuburbs,highaboveexpresswaytraffic,inatinyamountofthetimeittakestodrive?It’snotadreaminthedistantfuture.It’sthevisionofelectricaircraftdeveloperEve,whichisleadingagroupofaviationpaniesandlocalgovernmentsconductingsimulations(模拟)inChicago.Thoughtheaircraftarelikelyyearsawayfromreceivingofficialapprovaltofly,it’savisionsharedbyothermajorpanies,likeChicagobasedUnitedAirlines,whichrecentlystruckaconditionalagreementtopurchaseatleast200ofEve’sflyingtaxis.Theconceptofbypassing(绕开)trafficbyairisn’tnew.ButEvecoCEOAndreSteinsaidtheairtaxisarenothinglikeconventionalelectrichelicoptersorflyingcars.Theyaredesignedtouseeightmotorsdistributedaroundtheaircrafttotakeoffvertically,thenelectricpushersandwingstoglideforward.Steinhopestheairtaxistohelppassengersreachmeetingsacrosstownorprovidingawaytogethomequicklyintimeforachild’sbirthday.paredtoaneverydayoptionlikepublictransport,theycanhelpsavetimewhennecessary.Besides,thenewtechnologyisexpectedtomakeairtaxismoreaffordablethanhelicoptersandtheticketpricecouldbearound$100totravel20miles.Steinalsoboastswhathedescribesasimprovedefficiencyandsustainability.“It’smuchsimpler,muchlowermaintenancethanahelicopter,muchquieter,”hesaid.Fornow,Evehopestheirworkwillhelpprovideabetterunderstandingofhowtheairtaxiscouldfitintocurrentairtrafficpatternsandhowtheycanconnectwithusersjourneyviagroundtransporttotheheliport.“It’sreallyaboutbringinganotheroptionforurbanairmobility,”Steinsaid.17．Whydoestheauthorraisetwoquestionsinparagraph1?A．Toexpresshisdoubts.B．Toarrangeairtransport.C．TointroduceEve’svision.D．Topresentcurrentsituation.18．WhatisthepanyEvedoinginChicago?A．Cooperatingwithtaxipanies.B．Workingatdevelopingflyingtaxis.C．Carryingoutsimulationsinthelab.D．Negotiatingwithlocalgovernments.19．WhatisStein’sattitudetoelectricairtaxis?A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Conservative.20．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theconceptofurbanairmobility. B．Thebenefitsofairtrafficpatterns.C．Theprospectofflyingtaxiservice. D．Theevolutionofgroundtransport.【来源】江苏省宿迁市20222023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷【答案】17．C18．B19．B20．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Eve开发的电动飞行出租车。17．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Haveyoueverimaginedgettingtotheairportinaflyingtaxi,soaringoverthosewhoarestuckintrafficbelow?Whatwouldyoufeelifelectricairtaxiscouldonedaytakeyoufromdowntowntothesuburbs,highaboveexpresswaytraffic,inatinyamountofthetimeittakestodrive?(你有没有想象过乘坐一辆会飞的出租车去机场，从那些被堵在下面的人头上飞过？如果有一天电动空中出租车能把你从市中心带到郊区，远离高速公路的交通，你会有什么感觉？)”和文章第二段“It’sthevisionofelectricaircraftdeveloperEve,whichisleadingagroupofaviationpaniesandlocalgovernmentsconductingsimulations(模拟)inChicago.(这是电动飞机开发商Eve的愿景，该公司正在领导一组航空公司和地方政府在芝加哥进行模拟。)”可知，第一段提出两个问题是为了介绍Eve的愿景。故选C。18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’sthevisionofelectricaircraftdeveloperEve,whichisleadingagroupofaviationpaniesandlocalgovernmentsconductingsimulations(模拟)inChicago.(这是电动飞机开发商Eve的愿景，该公司正在领导一组航空公司和地方政府在芝加哥进行模拟。)”和文章第三段“ButEvecoCEOAndreSteinsaidtheairtaxisarenothinglikeconventionalelectrichelicoptersorflyingcars.Theyaredesignedtouseeightmotorsdistributedaroundtheaircrafttotakeoffvertically,thenelectricpushersandwingstoglideforward.(但Eve的联合首席执行官斯坦(reStein)表示，空中出租车与传统的电动直升机或飞行汽车完全不同。它们的设计是使用分布在飞机周围的8个发动机垂直起飞，然后使用电动推进器和机翼向前滑行。)”可知，Eve在芝加哥致力于开发飞行出租车。故选B。19．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Steinalsoboastswhathedescribesasimprovedefficiencyandsustainability.“It’smuchsimpler,muchlowermaintenancethanahelicopter,muchquieter,”hesaid.(斯坦因还夸耀了他所描述的效率和可持续性的提高。“它比直升机简单得多，维护成本低得多，噪音也小得多，”他说。)”和文章最后一段““It’sreallyaboutbringinganotheroptionforurbanairmobility,”Steinsaid.(“这真的是为城市空中交通带来了另一种选择，”斯坦说。)”可知，Stein对电动飞行出租车的前景持积极的态度。故选B。20．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Fornow,Evehopestheirworkwillhelpprovideabetterunderstandingofhowtheairtaxiscouldfitintocurrentairtrafficpatternsandhowtheycanconnectwithusersjourneyviagroundtransporttotheheliport.(目前，Eve希望他们的工作将有助于更好地理解空中出租车如何适应当前的空中交通模式，以及它们如何通过地面交通工具连接到直升机场的用户旅程。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了飞行出租车服务的前景。故选C。Passage6Scientistshavediscoveredmorethan5,000newspecieslivingontheseabedinanuntouchedareaofthePacificOceanthathasbeenidentifiedasafuturehotspotfordeepseamining,accordingtoareviewoftheenvironmentalsurveyscarriedoutinthearea.ItisthefirsttimethepreviouslyunknownbiodiversityoftheClarionClippertonZone(CCZ),amineralrichareaoftheoceanfloorthatspans1.7msqmilesbetweenHawaiiandMexicointhePacific,hasbeenprehensivelydocumented.Theresearchwillbecriticaltoassessingtheriskofextinctionofthespecies,givencontractsfordeepseamininginthenearpristineareaappearimminent.Mostoftheanimalsidentifiedbyresearchersexploringthezonearenewtoscience,andalmostallareuniquetotheregion:onlysix,includingacarnivorousspongeandaseacucumber,havebeenseenelsewhere.ContractsforminingexplorationintheCCZhavebeengrantedto17deepseaminingcontractorsinanareacovering745,000sqmiles.Thepanies,whicharebackedbycountriesincludingBritain,theUSandChina,wanttodigformineralsincludingcobaltmanganeseandnickelinparttoselltothealternativeenergysector.Tobetterunderstandtheimpactofminingthisfragileecosystemanditsnewlydiscoveredinhabitants,aninternationalteamofscientistshasbuiltthefirst“CCZchecklist”bypilingalltherecordsfromexpeditionstotheregion.PublishedinthejournalCurrentBiology,itincludes5,578differentspecies,ofwhichanestimated88%to92%hadneverbeforebeenseen.Tostudyandcollectspecimens(样品)fromtheoceanfloor,biologistshavejoinedresearchcruisesinthePacificthatsendremotecontrolledvehiclestotraverse(穿越)theseabed4,000to6,000metersbelow.AdrianGlover,adeepseabiologistattheNHMandseniorauthorofthestudydescribeditasan“incredibleprivilege”.Theexpedition,fundedthroughtheNaturalEnvironmentResearchCouncilandothers,isbackedbyUKSeabedResources(UKSR),adeepseaminingpanythatoperatestheUK’sexplorationarea.Thescientistswatchoperationsbyvideolinkdirectfromtheboatasnewspeciesaregatheredbyremotecontrolvehiclesinthedarknessbelow.Theseabed,Gloversaid,isan“amazingplace”where,despitetheextremecoldanddark,lifethrives.“Oneofthecharacteristicsoftheabyssalplainisthelackoffood,butlifehasawayofpersistingdownthere,”hesaid,“It’samystery.”Oneofthedeepseaanimalsdiscoveredwasnicknamedthe“gummysquirrel”,becauseofitshugetailandjellylikeappearance,hesaid.Therearealsoglasssponges,someofwhichlooklikevases.Withapprovalfordeepseamininglooming,Gloversaidhebelieveditwas“imperativethatweworkwiththepanieslookingtominetheseresourcestoensureanysuchactivityisdoneinawaythatlimitsitsimpactuponthenaturalworld”.21．What’sthemeani