Unit1AnewstartDevelopingideasreading分层练习高一英语（2019）.x

Unit1AnewstartDevelopingideas—reading分层练习语言知识一、（2024·高一课时练习）单词拼写1The______________(恐龙)becameextinctbeforetheappearanceofman.2Themomentwearrivedontheislandwewereeagertoe______________newplants.3Webookedafourstarhotelwithitsownswimmingpoolandleisure_____________(设施).4Peoplewerepushingeachotheroutofthewayintheir______________(热切)togettothefront.5Thetopicsofatravel_____________(日志)canbedifferentfromadiary,oftenincludingpeople,thingsandeventslessfamiliartoreaders.6EveryyearI_____________(订阅)toChinaDailyinordertoimprovemyEnglish.7AsanEnglishsayinggoes,nopains,nog______________.8V_____________(自愿者)werereadyandwaitingtopackthefoodinboxes.9Aspecial______________(委员会)ofscientistswassetuptostudythedisease.10Doyouknowthemoneywascollectedfora______________(特定的)purpose?【答案】1dinosaur2explore3facilities4eagerness5journal6subscribe7gains8volunteers9mittee10specific二、（2024·高一课时练习）汉译英1．被吸引到……_________2．使它成为我们第二个家__________3．危险的太阳辐射________4．活着________5．一个日常挑战________6．包含一个封闭空间________7．被设计来……________8．依靠自身的氧气，食物和水运转________9．为我们提供关于……更好的理解________10．成功地种植了不同种类的植物________11．向前的一大步________12．目前________13．同时________14．由人类活动引起________15．对生物圈有恶劣的影响________【答案】1．bedrawntowards…2．makeitoursecondhome3．dangeroussolarradiation4．stayalive5．adailychallenge6．consistofaclosedspace7．bedesignedtodo…8．functionwithitsownoxygen,foodandwater9．provideuswithabetterunderstandingof…10．succeedingrowingavarietyofplants11．abigstepforward12．fornow13．inthemeantime/meanwhile14．becausedbyhumanactivity15．haveaterribleeffectonthebiosphere【解析】1．“被吸引到……”，动词draw(吸引)，英文表达为bedrawntowards…，故答案为：bedrawntowards…。2．“使它成为我们第二个家”，动词make(使)，宾语it，宾补oursecondhome(我们第二个家)，英文表达为makeitoursecondhome，故答案为：makeitoursecondhome。3．“危险的太阳辐射”，形容词dangerous(危险的)作定语修饰名词短语solarradiation(太阳辐射)，英文表达为dangeroussolarradiation，故答案为：dangeroussolarradiation。4．“活着”，系动词stay(继续是)，形容词alive(活着的)作表语，英文表达为stayalive，故答案为：stayalive。5．“一个日常挑战”，形容词daily(日常的)作定语修饰名词challenge(挑战)，英文表达为adailychallenge，故答案为：adailychallenge。6．“包含一个封闭空间”，动词短语consistof(包含)，形容词closed(封闭的)作定语修饰名词space(空间)，英文表达为consistofaclosedspace，故答案为：consistofaclosedspace。7．“被设计来……”，动词design(设计)，英文表达为bedesignedtodo…，故答案为：bedesignedtodo…。8．“依靠自身的氧气，食物和水运转”，动词短语functionwith(用……运转)，名词短语ownoxygen,foodandwater(自身的氧气，食物和水)，英文表达为functionwithitsownoxygen,foodandwater，故答案为：functionwithitsownoxygen,foodandwater。9．“为我们提供关于……更好的理解”，动词短语providesb.withsth.(提供某人某物)，名词短语abetterunderstandingof(……更好的理解)，英文表达为provideuswithabetterunderstandingof…，故答案为：provideuswithabetterunderstandingof…。10．“成功地种植了不同种类的植物”，动词短语succeedindoingsth.(成功做某事)，动词grow(种植)，avarietyof(不同种类的)，复数名词plants(植物)，英文表达为succeedingrowingavarietyofplants，故答案为：succeedingrowingavarietyofplants。11．“向前的一大步”，英文表达为abigstepforward，故答案为：abigstepforward。12．“目前”，英文表达为fornow，故答案为：fornow。13．“同时”，英文表达为inthemeantime/meanwhile，故答案为：inthemeantime/meanwhile。14．“由人类活动引起”，动词短语becausedby(由……引起)，名词短语humanactivity(人类活动)，英文表达为becausedbyhumanactivity，故答案为：becausedbyhumanactivity。15．“对生物圈有恶劣的影响”，动词短语havea(n)+adj.+effecton…(对……有……的影响)，形容词terrible(恶劣的)，名词biosphere(生物圈)，英文表达为haveaterribleeffectonthebiosphere，故答案为：haveaterribleeffectonthebiosphere。三、（2024·高一课时练习）选词填空describe,organise,memorise,schedule,exchange,inpanic,inparticular,butterfliesinone’sstomach,lookforwardto,goallout1.Ourteamfinishedtheworkaheadof_______________.2.IlikewatchingAmericanTVseries,and_______________ModernFamily.3.Mygrandparentsare_______________watchingtheChineseMilitaryCelebrationofthe70thAnniversary.4.Theinstructionprovidesadetailed_______________ofhowtousethephonetotakepictures.5.Ittakesalotoftime_______________aconcert.6.Ihave_______________.ImeanIamnervous.7.Peopleraneverywhere_______________whentheyheardburstsofgunfire.8.Weshouldunitetogetherand_______________torealizeourdreams.9.Thinkingismoreimportantthan_______________inlearning.10.Bewillingto_______________ideasandlearnfromothers.【答案】1.schedule2.inparticular3.lookingforwardto4.description5.toorganise6.butterfliesinmystomach7.inpanic8.goallout9.memorising10.exchange知识应用（2024届湖北省荆州中学高三三模）阅读理解Silentreadingisfarfromsilentinyourbrain.Deepwithinyourheadthereisavoicereadingaloudeachwordasyoureyesscanit.Let’sdoaseeminglyunrelatedexperimentfirst.Turnonyourtelevisionandradio.Trytounderstandboththewordsfromthetelevisionandtheradiocontemporaneously.Youmighthavenoticedunderstandingonesourcerequiredignoringtheother,andyoucouldfeelyourattentionshiftingbetweenthetwovoices.Althoughwecanlistentomultiplepeoplespeakingatthesametime,wecanonlytrulyunderstandonepersonspeakingatatime.Therearethreemajorareasthatallowyoutounderstandspokenwords.ThefirstistheAuditoryCortex(听觉皮层),whichprocessesthepurecharacteristicsofiningsounds.Bothsidesofyourbraincontainthisregion.ThenextareaistheBroca/Wernicke(B/W)network,whichmakessenseofthespokenwords.Thisnetworkexistsinonlyonesideofyourbrain.Thismeansthat,althoughthesoundsoflanguageareinitiallyprocessedinbothsidesofthebrain,spokenwordsmusteventuallybefunneled(流经漏斗)intothissinglenetwork.Thisquicklyleadstoabottleneck,whichiscontrolledbythethirdarea:theleftInferiorFrontalGyrus(IFG,额下回).Whenyoutrytounderstandtwopeoplespeakingatthesametime,thisregioneffectivelyblocksonevoicewhileitallowstheothertopassthroughtheB/Wbottleneck.AnyinformationthatdoesnotimmediatelymakeitthroughtheB/Wnetworkdisappearspletely—thereisnowaitlist.Now,let’sbringallthepiecestogethertoseewhyit’srelatedtoyoursilentreading.Whenyouread,thefirstregiontodemonstrateactivationistheVisualCortex,whichprocessesthepurevisualcharacteristicsofiningsights.Immediatelyafterthevisualcortexactivates,thespeechareasofthebrainfireupbecauseyourbrainprocessesyoursilentreadinginamanneralmostidenticaltothewayinwhichitprocessesanactual,outloudspeakingvoice.Forthisreason,attemptingtoreadwhilelisteningtosomeonespeakisthesameastryingtounderstandtwopeoplespeakingatthesametime—itcan’tbedone!1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contemporaneously”inparagraph2mean?A．Atthesametime. B．Oneatatime. C．Onthewhole. D．Throughparison.2．Whichofthefollowingbestillustratesparagraph3?Note:disappear;waitA． B．C． D．3．Whatmaytheauthoragreewith?A．Studentspracticelisteningskillswhilereadingnovels.B．Studentssolvemathproblemwhenfollowingalecture.C．Teacherskeepsilentwhenstudentsarereadingattentively.D．ProfessorsgiveaspeechwithatextheavyPowerPointslide.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasanintroductiontothetext?A．Theartofconversationliesinlistening.B．Readingisnothingbutasilentconversation.C．Wehearandunderstandonlywhatwealreadyknowhalf.D．Onceanideagetsintoyourhead,it’sprobablygoingtostaythere.【答案】1．A2．A3．C4．B【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要探讨了大脑在进行默读时的活动情况，以及人们在同时接收多个声音信息时大脑的处理机制。1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Youmighthavenoticedunderstandingonesourcerequiredignoringtheother,andyoucouldfeelyourattentionshiftingbetweenthetwovoices.Althoughwecanlistentomultiplepeoplespeakingatthesametime,wecanonlytrulyunderstandonepersonspeakingatatime.(你可能已经注意到，理解一种声音需要忽略另一种声音，你可以感觉到你的注意力在两种声音之间转移。虽然我们可以同时听很多人说话，但我们一次只能真正理解一个人说话。)”可知，理解一个声音源需要忽略另一个，这表明人们不能同时真正理解两个声音源。因此，contemporaneously一词的意思是“同时地”。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“ThefirstistheAuditoryCortex(听觉皮层),whichprocessesthepurecharacteristicsofiningsounds.Bothsidesofyourbraincontainthisregion.ThenextareaistheBroca/Wernicke(B/W)network,whichmakessenseofthespokenword.Thisnetworkexistsinonlyonesideofyourbrain.Thismeansthat,althoughthesoundsoflanguageareinitiallyprocessedinbothsidesofthebrain,spokenwordmusteventuallybefunneled(流经漏斗)intothissinglenetwork.Thisquicklyleadstoabottleneck,whichiscontrolledbythethirdarea:theleftInferiorFrontalGyrus(IFG,额下回).Whenyoutrytounderstandtwopeoplespeakingatthesametime,thisregioneffectivelyblocksonevoicewhileitallowstheothertopassthroughtheB/Wbottleneck.AnyinformationthatdoesnotimmediatelymakeitthroughtheB/Wnetworkdisappearspletely—thereisnowaitlist.(第一个是听觉皮层，它处理传入声音的纯粹特征。你的大脑两侧都包含这个区域。下一个区域是Broca/Wernicke(B/W)网络，它负责理解所说的话。这个网络只存在于你大脑的一侧。这意味着，虽然语言的声音最初是在大脑的两侧处理的，但所说的话最终必须流入这个单一的网络。这很快就会导致一个瓶颈，这个瓶颈由第三个区域控制：左侧额下回(IFG)。当你试图理解两个人同时说话时，这个区域有效地阻挡了一个声音，同时允许另一个声音通过B/W瓶颈。任何没有立即通过B/W网络的信息都将完全消失——没有等待名单。)”可知，大脑听觉皮层在同时处理两个声音时，只有一个声音可以由左侧额下回控制，这说明了信息处理的即时性和不可逆性。因此，最能说明第三段的选项是A.信息处理的即时性和不可逆性。故选A项。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Forthisreason,attemptingtoreadwhilelisteningtosomeonespeakisthesameastryingtounderstandtwopeoplespeakingatthesametime—itcan’tbedone!(因此，一边听别人说话一边阅读就像同时听两个人说话一样——这是不可能做到的。)”可知，作者认为在学生全神贯注阅读时，老师应该保持安静，以避免干扰学生的阅读。故选C项。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Silentreadingisfarfromsilentinyourbrain.Deepwithinyourheadthereisavoicereadingaloudeachwordasyoureyespassoverit.(默读在你的大脑中远非沉默。在你的脑海深处，有一个声音在你的目光掠过时大声朗读着每一个单词。)”以及全文可知，最适合作为文章引言的是“B.阅读是一场无声的对话”，概括了文章的主旨，即阅读和听声音在大脑中是相似的处理过程。故选B项。五、（2024届河北省名校联盟高三三模）七选五Collegeisanexcitingmilestoneforalotofmostimportantstepsyou’llneedtotakesoyou’llbereadytotakeonhigherlearning!Collegeisanexcitingmilestoneforalotofpeople.1Luckily,we'veroundedupthemostimportantstepsyou'llneedtotakesoyou'llbereadytotakeonhigherlearning!Decideonthedegreeprogramyouwanttopursue.Chooseapaththatmatchesyourinterests.You’llbemostlikelytosucceedincollegeifyouchooseamajorthatyoureallylike.2Thenlookatdegreeprogramsthatwillhelpyougetajobinthatfield.Youcouldalsotalktopeopleyouknowwell,likeyourparents,advisor,orguidancecounselorforadvice.3Signupforthebasicswhenregistrationopens.Mostcollegeshavethesameentrylevelcoursesforfreshmen,regardlessofwhatyourmajoris.Signintotheschool’sregistrationwebsiteassoonasitopenstomakesureyougettheclassesyouwant.Thenusethecoursecatalog(目录)tochoosetheelectivesthatyouwanttotakethatsemester.Decidewhereyou’regoingtolive.Planwhethertoliveonoroffcampus.Livingoncampuswillrequireyoutopayfortheacmodationexpensesinthedormitory.However,somefinancialaidrequiresyoutoliveoncampus,anditcanbecheapertoliveinadormthantorentanapartmentneartheschool.You’llalsohaveaccesstooncampusmealsifyouliveinadorm.4Studyamapofcampus.Mapoutwhereeachofyourclasseswillbe.Collegecampusestypicallycoveravastarea—differentdepartmentsareoftenhousedindifferentbuildings,nottomentiondorms,administrationbuildings,thebookstore,andthefoodcourt.5A．Registerforclasses.B．Checkthecourseplanforeachclass.C．Butthere’salotthatgoesintogettingreadyforthatfirstday.D．Planvisitstoafewdifferentcollegestoreallygetafeelforthem.E．Andyouwon’thavetofactorintransportationtoyourcollegeeachday.F．Toavoidgettinglost,it’sbettertofigureouttherouteforeachclassinadvance.G．Trytakinginterestassessmentsandskillsassessmentstogetmatchedwithcareers.【答案】1．C2．G3．A4．E5．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何为大学第一天做好准备。1．根据上文“Collegeisanexcitingmilestoneforalotofpeople.”（对很多人来说，大学是一个激动人心的里程碑）根据下文“Luckily，we'veroundedupthemostimportantstepsyou'llneedtotakesoyou'llbereadytotakeonhigherlearning!”（幸运的是，我们已经收集了你需要采取的最重要的步骤，这样你就可以接受更高的教育了!）可知，选项与上文为转折关系，且承接下文说明上大学第一天要做的事情还有很多。故C选项“但是第一天的准备工作还有很多”切题。alott呼应steps。故选C项。2．根据上文“Chooseapaththatmatchesyourinterests.You’llbemostlikelytosucceedincollegeifyouchooseamajorthatyoureallylike.”（如果你选择了你真正喜欢的专业，你在大学里最有可能取得成功）可知，选项承接上文对上文进一步解释说明。故G选项“试着进行兴趣评估和技能评估，以便与职业相匹配”切题。故选G项。3．根据下文“Signupforthebasicswhenregistrationopens.Mostcollegeshavethesameentrylevelcoursesforfreshmen,regardlessofwhatyourmajoris.”（注册开放时注册基本知识。大多数大学对新生都有相同的入门课程，不管你的专业是什么）本段主要讲要注册课程。故A选项“注册课程”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。4．根据上文“You’llalsohaveaccesstooncampusmealsifyouliveinadorm.”（如果你住在宿舍里，你也可以享用校园餐。）可知，选项与上文为并列关系继续说明住在学校的好处。故E选项“而且你也不需要考虑每天去学校的交通问题。”切题。故选E项。5．根据上文“Collegecampusestypicallycoveravastarea—differentdepartmentsareoftenhousedindifferentbuildings,nottomentiondorms,administrationbuildings,thebookstore,andthefoodcourt.”（大学校园通常占地面积很大，不同的系通常位于不同的建筑中，更不用说宿舍、行政大楼、书店和美食广场了。）可知，所以为了不迷路，要规划路线。故F选项“为了避免迷路，最好提前把每节课的路线弄清楚。”切题。故选F项。六、（2024届江苏省宿迁市高三三模）完形填空Findingbeautifulshellsandinterestingpiecesofdriftwoodscatteredinthesandisoneofthejoysofwalkingalongthebeach.Foronebeachber,Tracey’sfindsarealittlemore1.Backin1997,aboutfivemillionpiecesofLego(乐高积木)were2atseaoffthecoastofCornwallfromacargoshiphitbyanonceinacenturywave,andthe3piecesthatsoonappearedonthebeachesquicklybecameatreasureforbeachbers.WhenTracey4apieceofLegooffthecoast,shecouldn’thavedreamedwhatstartedasacollecting5wouldhaveturnedintoanexplorationoftheocean.Tracey6herfindingsonhersocialmediaaccount“LegoLostAtSea”andhershorelinesocialpostsofwashedupobjectshaveinspired7andgroupsalike.Thousandsofpeoplegotin8,sharingdetailsoftheirownbeachbing9.“ItwasassumedthatroughlyhalftheLegosankandhalf10,”saysTracey.“Whatwe’rerealizingisthateventheLegothat11sankisnowstartingtowashashoreandit’sgraduallydriftingalongtheseabed.”NowTraceyandherfollowerscontinueto12theshoresandalsoteamupwithenvironmentalgroupsandscientists.Thescientistscalculatedthepiecescould13

anywherebetween100and1,300years.Theirnextscientificprojectisto15thespreadoftheLegotoseehow14ithasdrifted,notonlyonthesurfaceoftheocean—someevenreachedHolland—butalsoalongtheseabed.1．A．lucky B．unique C．plex D．advanced2．A．lost B．finished C．broken D．shown3．A．tidy B．odd C．tiny D．costly4．A．heldup B．turnedup C．pickedup D．broughtup5．A．business B．campaign C．invention D．exercise6．A．restored B．labeled C．recorded D．observed7．A．teams B．visitors C．journalists D．individuals8．A．debt B．touch C．shape D．trouble9．A．programs B．treasures C．standards D．experiments10．A．torn B．dropped C．floated D．disappeared11．A．slightly B．originally C．apparently D．temporarily12．A．b B．leave C．block D．promote13．A．evolve B．separate C．improve D．survive14．A．map B．control C．prevent D．encourage15．A．far B．slowly C．quick D．freely【答案】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了海滩寻宝者特蕾西在海滩上发现了乐高积木，并激励成千上万的人参与海滩寻宝的故事。1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一个海滩寻宝者来说，特蕾西的发现更为独特。A.lucky幸运的；B.unique独特的；C.plex复杂的；D.advanced先进的。根据上文“Findingbeautifulshellsandinterestingpiecesofdriftwoodscatteredinthesandisoneofthejoysofwalkingalongthebeach.”可知，发现美丽的贝壳和散落在沙滩上的有趣的漂流木是沿着海滩散步的乐趣之一。下文描述了特雷西和她的追随者捡乐高积木，所以特蕾西的发现更为独特。故选B。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在1997年，康沃尔海岸附近的一艘货船被百年一遇的海浪袭击，大约500万块乐高积木在海上丢失，这些很快出现在海滩上的小碎片很快成为海滩游客的宝藏。A.lost丢失；B.finished完成；C.broken打破；裂；碎；D.shown显示。根据下文“fromacargoshiphitbyanonceinacenturywave”可知，货船被海浪袭击，大约500万块乐高积木在海上丢失。故选A。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.tidy整洁的；B.odd古怪的；怪异的；C.tiny小的；D.costly贵的。根据上文“aboutfivemillionpiecesofLego”以及常识可知，此处应用“小”来形容乐高积木。故选C。4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当特蕾西在海岸边捡到一块乐高积木时，她做梦也想不到最初的收集活动会变成对海洋的探索。A.heldup举起；支撑；B.turnedup出现；调高；C.pickedup拾起；D.broughtup提出；养育。根据上文“Foronebeachber”可知，特蕾西是一名沙滩寻宝者，故此处指她在海岸边捡到一块乐高积木。故选C。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.business商务；生意；B.campaign运动；战役；C.invention发明；D.exercise练习；活动。根据上文“Findingbeautifulshellsandinterestingpiecesofdriftwoodscatteredinthesandisoneofthejoysofwalkingalongthebeach.”可知，沙滩寻宝是一个收集活动。故选D。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：特蕾西在她的社交媒体账号“LegoLost