人教版新目标初中八年级英语下册每课精讲精练　全册

I.词汇ofgoldfishtA:Whereareyougoing?A:Yes,Iamjustcoming.Waitforme.Iamgoingtobookaticket.二是表示意图.二、Therebe结构1.therebe结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。Thereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.今晚有个会议。Therehasbeenagirlwaitingforyou.有个女孩一直在等你。Therewillberainsoon.不久天就要下雨了。2.动词be单复数形式要跟therebe之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。Howmanypeoplearethereinthecity?这个城市里有多少人口?Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。Therearetwobooksandapenont3.在therebe引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动Thereisnothingtodo.(=tob(口语)不可能无法知道他什么时候回来。无法知道他在做什么。1.Willpeopleusemoneyin100years?一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗?1)money金钱；货币papermoney纸币；钞票2)in100years在100年之后2.Therewillbelessleisuretime.空闲时间会更少。1)less形容词：较少的(是little的比较级),修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least;反义词是more。2)leisuretime空闲时间eg.Whatdoyoudoinyourleisuretime?你空闲时间做些什么?eg.Didyouagreewithhim?你同5.WhatdoyouthinkSallywillbeinfiveyears?你认为萨莉5年之后将会是如果go后面接副词，不用to。eg.Hewenthomeatbeforesixyesterdayevening.他昨天晚上6点前回家语中because不能和so同时使用。goskating去滑冰goswimming去游泳goshopping去买东西gofishing去钓鱼goboating去划船9.DuringtheweekI'lllooks1)during表示“在...期间”,duringtheweek是介词短语，意为“在工作日2)look表示“看上去”,用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。eg.Whatisthebooklike?=Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?A.Is,doingB.Does,doC.Do,doD.Did,doA.isB.hasC.doesA.willgetA.hasB.haveC.hadA.fliesB.flyingCA.willcomeA.thedaybeforeyesterdayB.lastA.climbB.areclimbingC.isclimbingA.did,flyB,will,flyA.winsB.wonC.willwinD.winII.句型与结构I'llbebettertomorrow.2.Ginahassixclassestoday.(havealotofhomeworktonight)6.Theweatherisawfultoday.(bebett2.She'llhavealotofhomeworktonight.3.I'llsleeB:Well,IknowIbeasecretA:youhavethesamejobinfiveyears?Keys:will,won't,will,Will,won't1.Therewillbehouses2.Therewillbepol3.Therewillbeschools.4.Therewillbepeople.“cabletelevision”isthenamemo众)toreceiveTVputtinguphighantennas.Acommunityantennawasusuallyplacedonahill,afeedprogramsintoemptychanD.anordinaryantennacannotpickA.Inacurve.BC.itonlyneedsabitofcableD.itcanpA.howtoputuphighantennasB.awayofpickingupbetterTVprogramsD.antennasforcableTV【单元目标】1.单词与短语stereo,loud,argue,original,serious,style,wsb.22.from...to...23.dropoff24.preparefor27.fillup28.takethemiddle4.Youshould...5.Youshouldn't...3.语法情态动词的用法I【重难点分析】*情态动词也可称为“情态助动词(ModalAuxiliaries)”,因为它和基本助动*情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。*情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。*情态动词没有人称和数的变化。这九大情态动词；其他的还有oughtt1.现在式can--过去式could2.现在式may--过去式might3.现在式shall--过去式should4.现在式will--过去式would5.现在式must--过去式must(常用hadto来代替)(can,could,will,would,shall,should,must,oughtt句)3.Anybodycanmakemistake.(只表示理论上的可能性)任何人都可能犯错2.Itmaysnowlaterthisafternoon.(表示预测)今天下午可能会下雪。1.Ithinkhewillbeallrightnow.(willbe表示一定会)我想他现在一定好2.Thatwouldbehismother.(wouldbe表示肯定是)那肯定是他母亲。3.Hewillsittherehourafterhourlookingattheriver.(will表示经常的)2.ThatshouldbeSamandhismother.(shouldbe)那准是Sam和他的母亲。2.Allmankindmustdie.(表示必然会发生的事)所有的人一定会死的。3.Mustn'ttherebeamistake?(mustn't多用于疑问句)那肯定会有错误吗?(can,could,will,would,sha一件事吗?(表示客气请求)2.Whatshouldwedonext?(用should比shall表示更客气)下一步我们该怎么做?1.Carsmustnotbeparkedhere.(mustnot表示不许可)此地不准停车。1.arguev.争论；争吵arguewithsb.与某人吵架2.①eitheradv.(用于否定句)也②too也(用于肯定或疑问句)Ifyouhaveanyprobl4.thesameas...与……相同5.except除……以外；(不包括……在内)Myclasshasbeeninvitedexceptme.=OnlyIhaven'tbeeninvited.besides除……以外(包括在内)Therearefivemorevisitorsbesidesme.除了我之外还有5倍访客What'swrongwithyourwatch?Itdoesn'twork.你的手表怎么了?它8.haveafightwithsb.=figh是指该句的主语把某物(往外)借给别人用2.①getsb.todo…使……做(以人为对象时，有“说服……使做……”的含义)②asksb.todo…邀请(人)做……③tellsb.todo…让某人做某事例如：Theteachertoldhimtofinishthework3、callsb.(up)=givesb.acall意思是“别的”成“Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddo.”此句中youcoulddo是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”15、beundertoomuchpressure.在太多的压力下多事eg.Wesawthemplayingbask打篮球17、findithardtHefoundithardtolearnmathwell.他发现学好数学很难2.Idon'tknowifshetomorrow.ifsheA.comes,comesA.isB.areC.willhaveA.didn'ttoworryB.tonotworryC.notworryiA.ofB.withC.atD.toA.lentB.returned三.连词成句：2.want,it,to,on,phone,I3.soccer,popular,is,ve4.have,a,fight,your,with,did,classmat;theweatheristerrible.Whatotherthingsdoweknowabousea.Theseacovers3/4oftheworld.TheseaiA.there'smuchmorewaterthanlandB.theseacoversthreefourthsoftheA.thewaterB.themountainclassmateyesterday?5.Therewillbelesspollutioninthefuture.well,buy,cut,land,while,experience,strange,around,follow,clanywhere,happen,accident,modern,bright,silence,3.Howabout.../Whatabout...?4.Whath3.语法1.过去进行时一.过去进行时night/Sunday/week.),at+点钟+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday...),whensb.didsthWhatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?昨天晚上七点你在干什么?WhenthecarexplodedIwaswalkingpastit.=WhileIw二.情态动词(ModalVerbs)Ⅱ①.Eachmembershallwearanamecard.(表示规定)每一个会员必须配带名劝告的意思)①.Paymentmaybepaidbycheck.(表示规定)应以支票付款。②.Youmightaskbeforeyouusemycomputer.(might表示应该)③.MustIpaynow?(用于疑问句)(如回答不必时，需用needn't或don't①.I'llcallyouassoonaspossible.(will主要用于第一人称)我会尽快打电话给你。请吗?④.Wewon't(willnot)stayheretoolong.(willnot表示不愿)我们不愿呆在这里太久。①.Shewilldoitifyouaskher.(表示主语的意愿)如果你问她，她会做的。杯茶吗?些烤饼吗?⑤.Wouldyouexcuseme?(would表示婉转语气)你能原谅我吗?三.重点词汇3.landv.登岸；登陆；降落5.rightadv.正好；恰好8.anywhereadv.到处；无论哪里(用于否定句Whathappenedtohimonthatday?那天他怎么了?(发生了什么事?)sth.happento+名词发生于...…身上SheisstayingatMashesawthealiengetout.她看见外星人出来.四.词语辨析e.g.:Thereisacarinfrontofthehouse.房子前日面有一辆车in(at)thefrontof在...的前头，前排(列)(在一个范围内的前面部位)eg.Shesatinthefrontofthebus.她坐在公交车的前排beamazed(atsth./todo.../that从句)(某人)对..(因.而)大感惊讶(指人作我们对这个消息感到非常惊讶.besurprising令人惊奇的(用法与beamazing一样，也是修饰事物的)besurprised(atsth./todo.../that从句)(某人)对..(因.而)感到惊奇，用法与besurprised在那次事故中伤得很重。onatree在树上(指长在树上的东西)eg.HerflighttoParisistakThinkabout(doing)sth.她未想到去车站外看看.insilence状语(状态)Notall并不是所有的(部分否定)As...as...与一样(as与as之间用形容词、副词的原级)宇航员行持续了22个小时。为好事吗?检测练习：songforthe77thAnnualA.leaveD.landson4.TedwhilehehisbicycleandhurtA.makesB.ismakingA.talkedB.wastalkingA.toplantA.outB.offC.onD.upA.surprisedB.surpriseC.surprisingA.leftB.wasleavingC.willA.BecauseB.SinceC.WhileD.IfA.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup3.(Jackalwayshasdiff5.(Bill'sroomisn'tveryinteresting2.while,walking,was,car,the,exp4.I,speaking,to,you,you,the,were,whilehigh.Someliveneartheoceans.Otherslivefarfromtheoceans.aroundthem.TheselaEarthhasmanydifferentbodiesofwater,too.Youknowabouttheoceans.Thereareverylargebodiesofwater.Thewatefromtheland.Theyarelongbodiesofrunningwater.Thewaterinriversisnotsalty.Mostlakesdonothavesa4.What'sthemeaningoftheword“coast”?A.海岛B.海岸C.海洋D.海滩.Reviewofunits1—3一.重点词汇as作为连词，引导时间状语从句，“当Asheexploredthesea,hetookalotofpictures.他在探海时，拍了许多照片。还可以引导原因状语从句，只说明一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句通常放在句首，有时也放在句尾。Asthecarisexpensive,wecan'tbuyit.由于汽车太贵，我们买不起。Aseverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.既然大家都到了，我们可以动身了。AssoonashearrivedinFrance,hecalledme.他一到法国，就给我打电话。基本句式：A、主语+谓语(系动词)+as+原级形容词+as...XiaoLiisastallashisbrother.小李和他哥哥一样高。Yourjacketisasnewasmine.你的茄克衫和我的一样新。B、主语+谓语(行为动词)+as+原级副词+as...一样认真。few或afew在句中修饰可数名词，后接可数名词复数；也可用来代替复Fewpeoplelivedheremanyyearsago.许多年前几乎没有人住在这儿。Look!Youmadeafewmistakesinyourhomework.看!你在作业中出了—Howmuchwinedidhehavelastnight?昨天晚上他喝了多少酒?词时有区别：alittle可直接修饰不可数名词；而abit则要与of搭配才能修饰Thismorningheonlyhadabitofmilkforbreakfast.今天早上他早餐只喝Theboyisn'tabithWeallpassedtheexambesidesTom.除了汤姆外，我们也都及格了(汤姆也及格了)二.重点句型地点状语?”→Ifyoursonfeelssowellthathtodosth.与so...that...转换时，应用句中形容词的反义词或将that从句改为否定句。Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.→Heissoyoungthathecansth和too...to结构中的不定式前加上“forsb.(sth.)”的短语。→Themathsproblemistoodiff3.like后既可接动词-ing形式，也可接动词不定式。含HelikesswimminginSummer.(表示习惯爱好)It'sveryhot.Hewou三.综合检测I.看图，根据句意将单词填写完整。2.Somescnttsbelievethatthere A.much,afewB.little,4.一isitfromourschoolto—Abouthalfanhour'sbusride.Shallwegoandvisiti A.readB.readingC.seA.somanyB.suchmanyC.manytooD.manysuchcounting,can'tthey?Ispentthewhole5math!”takesus10th2.A.ThoughB.BecauseC.ButD.So3.A.learnB.teachC.studyIV.阅读理解22:30OlympicGamesChannel9.2.Atnight,Mr.RobertwantstoknowtheresultsoftheOlympicGamesoftheA.Channel2,women'stennissinglefinalB.Channel2,men'staC.Channel8,men'shighjumpfinalD.Channel9,specialreportmorning.Hehastofinishhishomeworkfirst.SowhichprogramcanheA.CrayonShinchan.B.Sunrise.C.Sp4.Tonyisabasketballfan.WA.Surprised.B.Disappointed.C.Interestedbroken.broken.IⅡ.单项选择常接第二人称you,shall接第一人称I和we。故此题答案选C。3.此题考查学生对little/alittle,few/afew的理解。alittle/little修饰不可4.本题考查疑问词的用法。howlong指时间长短，如two本题halfanhour'sbusride指的是距离，故选C。II.完形填空IV.阅读理解4.off1.单词与短语直接引语和间接引语【词汇学习】2.anymoreadv.再；还(用于否定句)3.howeveradv.无论如何Hecananswerthequestionhoweverharditis.不管问题有多难他都能4.supposev.假定；认为；料想；期望7.disappointingadj.令人失望的9.getmad变疯；变得着迷Canwegetoverthisdifficul13.besupposedto被期望或被要求...【重点句型分析】事?bemadat(with)sb.对某人恼火bemadat(about)sth.(doingsth.)对某事恼火(此处的gotmadat=wasmadanot...anymore不再eg.Shedidn'tcryanymore.她不再哭了。4.bringsomebookstoherhouse.给她带来一些书bringsth.to从(远处)带来，拿来(到近处)“从(近处)拿(走)到(远处)eg.Couldyoubringsomewatertome?PleasetakethechairtoJim'sroom.意宾语从句的语序。(陈述语序)7.Youweresupposedtomeetatthebusbesupposedtodo被期望，应该(做...)【课文解析】eg.Aretheybetteratplayingdowellin在.方面做得好eg.Doesshedowellinphysics?注意1:此句中的三个动词都是过去时，即时态的一致性注意2:中英文语序(否定词的位置)的不同7.Shesaiditwasmuchbetterifshedin每年他们都往中国的乡村地区派100名志愿者去教send...to...派，送..到...10.Hervillagewas2000metersabovesealevel.她的村庄位于海拔2千米。11.thethinairmademakesb.do使某人干某事(此处只能用动词原形，不能+to)18.carefor“MotherEarth”关心“地球母亲”前者是形容词，可作表语、定语；如：ahard-workingstudent;HeisTomsaidtome,“Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.”2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→He决任何事情。”2.疑问句的间接引语陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用(1).一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或if引导。→Jimaskedwhether/ifhehadeverworkedinShanghai.吉姆问他是否在“Canyoutellmethewaytothehospital?”Theoldmanasked.“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”Sheasked.她问“你怎么看这部电影?”姆的?”当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。到我家来。”了。”bringtheweek/monthetc.be“XiaoMingisdoingsomewashing”Mu练习8.“Makegooduseofyourtime.”Mr.Liadv9.HeaskedLiYing“WereyouwatchingTVatthistimeyester11.BettyaskedmeifBettyaskedme,“athome?”Shesaid,“foraweek.”13.Mr.SmithsaidMr.Smithsaid,“Johnallaboutitthreeweeks.”thattime.Theteacheraskedhissttime?”15.Theteacheraskeduswhethe Theteacheraskedus,“?” 16.TheteachertoldherThefeacherher,“lateanymore!”Mydoctorme,inbed.”20.Themonitortoldusthatweweregoingtohaveameetingthenextdaabouttheproblem.OneoftheexamplewasamaninEngland800yeaballoonwithit?Theballoonwasmadeofclothandpaper.InSeptemberofthatyear,theKingandQueenofFrancecametoseetheballoon.Theywatchthing.On21November,PilatredeRozierandtheMarquisaArlanderoA.ahelicopterB.parachuteC.designsformachinesD.nothingA.hotairrisesB.itismadeo24.On21November,PilatredeRozierandtheMarquB.inacompletelydifferentballoonC.inanother'hotairB.HotAirBalloonsAC.DesignsForMachinesThatWouldF4.Maryaskedmewhether/ifIshouldcarryherbagforher.5.MyfriendJackaskedmeifIknewhername.6.Johnaskedmewherethene7.Ourteachertoldusnottoloo8.Mr.Liadvisedustomakegooduseofourtime.【单元目标】举行聚会嘲笑锻炼游世界努力工作wearjeans穿牛仔裤获得教育1.if条件句是“如果”的意思。构成条件从句主句时态If+一般现在时主语+shall/will+ 动词原形 2.用法：Ifitrainstomorrow,Ishan'tclimbthehills.IfIgotocollege,Iwillneverbecomeagreatsoccerplayer.二.现在进行时表示将来的时间A:Yes,Iamjustcoming.Waitforme.Sheishavingameetingat9tomorrow.她明天早晨9点有个会。IV.重点难点分析(数量多)”;muchtoo后接形容词，用来说明程度的，意思是“太……(程度深)”如：muchtooheavy太重了(表程度)befamousfor表示“因……而出名”,for后接表示出名的原因；befamousas则表示“以……身份而著名”,as后接职业、身份或Franceisfamousasaromanticcountry.法国作为一个浪漫的国3.Iwantyoutoremembertherulesforschoolparti5.Ifwehaveittoday,halftheclasswon'tcome.6.reasonsforbecomingaprofessionalathlete赞同成为一名职业运Whichteamdidyouvotefor?你投票给哪一个队(组)?7.reasonsagainstbecomingagainstprep.注意：介词后面用名词或动词ing的形式eg.Areyouagainstmyplan?你反对我的计划吗?begin…with…“以…开始(开头)”eg.Thewordbeginswith“s”.这个词以“s”开头。9.consequence后果、结果eg.Weshouldconsidertheconseqeg.Afterhebecamefamous,hemightdo或许，说不定(一般表示比may较低的可能性)2.You'llbeabletomakealivingdoingsomethingyoulovbeableto+动词原形，“有能力做某事”eg.Look!Themonkeysarerunningandjumpingeverywhere副词(adv.)到处7.You'llhaveadwhoyourrealfriendsare是一个宾语从句，它作knowing一词的宾语，howtogettoyourhouse是不定式作remember一词的宾语(此处不定式是指一个特殊疑问词+to+动词原形)10.gobackhome回到家，此句可以换成returnhome12.Howmanyaliensdyetheirhairbrown?多少外星人把他们的头发染成棕色?VI.词语辨析用之后+名词。成员”jointheLeague入团eg.Won'tyoujoinusin②takepartin(动词短语)指参加(某种活动)吗?一.单项选择1.ThevolleyballmatcA.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.isA.isgoingtohaveB.willbplayA.difficultB.themost5.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme?A.where'stheteachers'officeB.where6.Iwon'tgoifitA.rainB.israiningC.rainsD.willrainA.takeoffB.putonC.takeoutDA.getonwithB.hurryupC.giveA.fatB.faterC.fatterD.fattestA.muchtooB.manytooC.toomuchD.tomany二.用下列词语的正确形式填空三.根据汉语意思，完成下列句子1.如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。Ifyouhim,heyou.2.我说那天是星期二，实际上是星期一。3.为了赶火车，她匆匆做完了她的工作。 5.我们玩得很快乐。WehavethemeaningofeverywordinEnglish.Whenyouread,youwilloftenfindmany2youdpartsofthenewword.Forexample,ifaworditisnot9toknowthepartsofanewwordtoundersta2.A.books3.A.stop4.A.findB.get5.A.inB.offC.upD.by6.A.canB.might(可能)C.shouldD.mustgotthemallopenintheend.ButtA.thefrontofthehouseB.thebackofthehouseC.thefrontwindowsD.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.seven5.NexttimetheywillasC.theyhavenomorepaintandbrushesD.theyreallywant6.Whichistherightorder(顺序)forthisa.Theystartedwiththefrontofthehouse.b.Theybrokesomeofthewindows.d.TheybeganwiththebackofthehousA.edabcB.abcdeC.cedab一.项B符合Therebe...句型要求。1.leaving现在进行时表示将来。2.laughedat因他的傻话三.4.ifthatwas四.注意前后文之间的联系，易错的是第3题和第5题。一.重点词汇短语Theusedcarisstillworth$200.这辆二手车依然值200美元。这个展览会值得去参观吗?when既可用于一点时间(从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词),也可用于一段时间(从句的动词用延续性动词),从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动在洗衣服。Istayedtillsunset,whenitbegantorain.我一直呆到太阳下山，天开始instead是副词，意为“代替”,“顶替”,在句中作例如：(代替)车去(代替)(对比)begoodat意为“在…方面好”,“擅长于”,后面也可接名词、代词或动词例如：二.重点语法I.直接引语和间接引语在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词时间状语地点状语动词时态一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)过去将来时动词变化Theteachersaid,“Iamveryhappytohearthenews.”态的变化)Heaskedme,“Areyoufreetomorrow?”状语的变化)whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where等。Myteacheraskedme,“Don'tlaugh.”→Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”A:Yes,Iamjustcoming.Waitforme.三.检测练习 1.thehelpofourteacher,we'vemadegreatprogress.2“Whatcanfromthespace?”“Sorry,Idon'tknow.”A.usuallyB.asusuallyA.wascookingB.cookedA.fellbehindB.felldownC.felloverChessmustbeoneoftheoldestgamesintheworld.AnArabtravelsays,“checkmate”.ThesewordscomefromPersian.“Shahmat”means"thekingisthishashappened!Chesstakestimeandthought,games!Itissaidthatsomepeopleplaychess