Unit7语法完整版讲（被动语态一）八年级下册英语单元核心知识讲练（牛津译林版）

译林版八年级下册Unit7语法精讲被动语态➊目录01.定义02.用法&判断方法03.各时态的被动语态04.主动语态与被动语态的转化05.不使用被动语态的情况06.特殊情况07.随堂练习08.课堂小结注意“被动语态”所有知识点在本课件（Unit7语法精讲）中全部涉及，内容较多，建议结合“Unit8语法精讲”课件针对各个知识点进行分类强化练习，建议两份讲义一起使用！被动语态的定义PART.01被动语态定义英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的执行者—主动语态；主语是动作的承受者—被动语态。eg:主动：Timlikesthebook.*主语Tim，主动做“喜欢”这个动作；被动：ThebookislikedbyTim.这本书(被)Tim喜欢。*主语thebook是“喜欢”的承受者(即喜欢的对象)，即“被喜欢”。

被动语态分析：eg①

Thecat

eatssomefisheveryday.

主语：eat的执行者，即“猫吃鱼”

Somefish

areeatenbythecateveryday.

主语：eat的承受者，即“鱼被猫吃”

②

Ipickedtwoorangesjustnow.

主语：pick的执行者，即“我摘桔子”Twoorangeswerepickedbyme.

主语：pick的承受者，即“橘子被我摘”被动语态的用法及判断方法PART.02被动语态被动语态的基本用法：

动作的执行者是泛指或不言明时eg:Chinese

iswidelyspokenallovertheworld.

不知道动作的执行者时eg:Hefeltworriedbecausehiscomputer

wastakenaway.

强调动作的承受着时eg:Mylostcomputer

wasfoundjustnow.

由于礼貌或委婉而避谈动作的执行者时eg:Awrongdecision

wasmadedueto(由于)lackofexperience.被动语态被动语态的判断方法：

由by引出动词的执行者eg:Thebikewasfixedbymyfather.

物作主语时，常用被动语态eg:Alotofhouseworkcanbedonebyrobots.

动宾结构中/动词是及物动词，本该位于动词后的宾语，前置成了主语时（这是最重要的判断方法：本该接宾语的动词后没有宾语了，宾语变成了句子主语）eg:①Iamoftenaskedsomemathsquestionsbylittlebrother.本该是ask

mesomemathsquestions，但此句中ask后的宾语me变成了句子主语I，ask由主动变成被动amasked.牢记口诀：宾语变主语，主动变被动被动语态eg:②

Lindawasn’tinventedtotheparty.本该是inventsbtosp，但此句中invent后没有宾语，即宾语Linda变成了主语，invent由主动变被动wasinvented.eg:③

Thekidsaretoldafunnystoryeveryevening.本该是tellsbastory，此句中tell后没有sb，即宾语thekids变成了主语，tell由主动变成被动aretold.牢记口诀：宾语变主语，主动变被动各种时态的被动语态构成PART.03被动语态一般现在时Weare

always

warnednottoswimintheriver.Myroomiscleanedbymumeveryday.Iam

often

givenchancestodealwithproblemsbymyself.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/aredone(即将be动词改成一般现在时am/is/are)被动语态基本结构：bedone(过去分词)被动语态一般过去时ThenovelwastranslatedintoChinesein2002.ThetwinsweretakentotheScienceMuseumbytheirmumlastSundayandtheywereaskedtowritedairiesaboutwhattheylearned.一般过去时的被动语态：was/werwdone(即将be动词改成一般过去时was/were)被动语态基本结构：bedone(过去分词)被动语态一般将来时一般将来时的被动语态：willbedone或am/is/aregoingtobedone(即将be动词改成一般将来时willbe、am/is/aregoingtobe)被动语态基本结构：bedone(过去分词)Oursportsmeetingwillbeheld

nextFriday.SomepostersaboutChinesetraditionalculturearegoingtobeshowntothestudentsinthecomingartfestival.被动语态现在完成时Tomhasn’tbeenaskedtogetanAinallthesubjectsyet.Aboutthousandsofbookshavebeensenttotheschoolsinpoorareasinthepasttwoyears.现在完成时的被动语态：have/hasbeendone(即将be动词改成现在完成时have/hasbeen)被动语态基本结构：bedone(过去分词)被动语态含有情态动词Theproblemsshouldbesolvedatonce.Alotofthingscanbedonebytherobot.YouradvicemaynotbetakenbyTimmy.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+bedone(即将be动词改成：情态动词+be)被动语态基本结构：bedone(过去分词)主动语态与被动语态的转化PART.04被动语态Mygrandpawatersflowersinthegarden宾语everymoring.Flowersinthegarden主语arewateredbymygrandpaeverymoring.一般现在时原形water被动语态Thestudentsfoundabutterfly宾语intheclassroom.Abutterfly主语wasfoundbythestudentsintheclassroom.一般过去时原形find被动语态Milliehasknownthebadnews.宾语Thebadnews主语hasbeenknownbyMillie.现在完成时原形know被动语态Mysistertoldthebadnews直接宾语justnow.We主语wastoldbymysisterjustnow.一般过去时原形tellus间接宾语

thebadnews双宾语情况(sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语)：当间接宾语sb变成主语时，直接宾语保持不变。tellsbsth被动语态Mysisterwillgiveanicepresent直接宾语thisweekend.Myparents主语willbegivenbymysisterthisweekend.一般将来时原形makemyparents间接宾语

anicepresent双宾语情况(sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语)：当间接宾语sb变成主语时，直接宾语保持不变。givesbsth被动语态Mysistertoldthebadnews直接宾语justnow.Thebadnews主语wastoldbymysisterjustnow.一般过去时原形tellus间接宾语

tous双宾语情况(sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语)：当直接宾语sth变成主语时，sb前需加介词to或for！！！tellsthtosb被动语态Mysisterwillmakeanicepresent直接宾语thisweekend.Anicecake主语willbemadebymysisterthisweekend.myparents间接宾语

formyparents双宾语情况(sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语)：当直接宾语sth变成主语时，sb前需加介词to或for！！！makesthforsb一般将来时原形make不使用被动语态的情况PART.05被动语态eg:Theteasmellsgoodandtastesbetter.Theleavesturnbrownwhenautumncomes.注意：smell、turn等词一词多义，不是所有含义都无被动语态。系动词不用被动语态：①变得：be、become、turn、get②保持：keep、stay③似乎：seem④感官动词：look、sound、feel、taste、smell⑤gobad（变质）、cometrue（成真）被动语态eg:ThesportsmeetingtookplacelastTuesday.ThesmalltownliesintheeastofJinhua.注意：change、finish等词一词多义，不是所有含义都无被动语态。不及物动词（即不能加宾语）无被动语态：takeplace、happen、last、rise、grow（增长）、start（开始）、finish（结束）、change（变化）、lie（位于）、appear、breakdown、comeout等被动语态eg:TheThisnewlypublishednovelsellwellinChina.Thestoriesshewrotereadeasily.Thekindofpenswritewell.表示物品属性或特征时无被动语态：sellwell、washwell、writewell、ridewell、readeasily、carryeasily...特殊情况PART.06被动语态needsthneeddoing某事需要被做=sthneedtobedoneeg:Mybikeneedstoberepaired.=Mybikeneedsrepairing.Alotofworkneedstobedone.=Alotofworkneedsdoing.被动语态make、let主动：make/letsbdo被动：sbbemade/lettodoeg:Theyweremadetodomathsexercisesthewholeweekend.Tinaislettocleanthehouse.被动语态hear、see、watch、notice主动：see/hear/watch/noticesbdo被动：sbbeseen/heard/watched/noticedtodoeg：Nobodywasseentoenterthehall.Theparrotisoftenheardtosaywordslikeaman.被动语态hear、see、watch、notice主动：see/hear/watch/noticesbdoing被动：sbbeseen/heard/watched/noticeddoingeg：Tomwasseenreadingwhentheywalkedpasttheclassroom.Ninawasheardsingingatthattime.被动语态Itis+过去分词+(that+)从句Itissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知eg：Itissaid(that)Milliehaswonthefirstprize.Itisbelieved(that)wewillsucceedintheend.随堂练习PART.07被动语态1.Thethief(贼)________bythepolicelastnight.(catch)解析：由bythepolice可知，用被动语态，由lastnight可知是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是三单，be动词用was，catch的过去分词是caught。故填wascaught.2.Fifteen-year-oldsshouldnot_______todriveinChina.(allow)解析：allow是及物动词，allowsbtodosth，空格后无宾语，宾语变成主语Fifteen-year-old，用被动语态，且含有情态动词should的被动语态是shouldbedone，allow的过去分词是allowed。故填beallowed.被动语态3.Thenewflatsinthecentreofthetown_______well.(sell)解析：sellwell畅销，无被动语态。时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，故填sell。4.Youmaygofishingifyourhomework_______.(finish)解析：homework与finish之间是动宾关系，宾语变主语，用被动语态，且if后是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是三单，be动词用is，finish的过去分词是finished。故填isfinished。被动语态5.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.—I’msorry,butI______whentomeetyet.(nottell)解析：tell是及物动词，tellsbsth，空格后无宾语，宾语变成主语I，用被动语态；由yet可知是现在完成时，故填现在完成时的被动语态。主语是I，助动词是have，否定是haven’t。故填haven’tbeentold.6.Bothofthedressesaremadeofsilkand______(wash)easily.解析：washeasily洗起来好洗，是dress的属性，无被动语态；句子是一般现在时，主语是复数，故填wash。课堂小结PART.08课堂小结1.掌握并灵活运用各种时态的被动语态2.掌握被动语态的判断方法3.掌握主动语态变被动语态的改写4.掌握不需要用被动语态的情况及特殊情况考点课后作业：被动语态综合练习（附word文档）课后作业讲解PART.09被动语态1.Thesickman______________tohospitalbythepolicemananhourago.(take)2.Elephants______________tocarrywoodbypeoplelongtimeago.(train)3.MrChenhasaloudvoice.Hisvoicecan_____________clearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.(hear)4.—WhenshallIhandinmyreport?—Assoonasit_______________tomorrow.(finish)takesbtosp.wastakentrainsbtodoweretrainedhearsthbeheardfinishsthbefinished被动语态5.—SoccerfirststartedinEnglandinthe12thcentury,didn’tit?—Yes,butnowit___________allovertheworld.(play)6.I___________togiveaspeechabouttheenvironmenttheotherday.(ask)7.—Excuseme,Mr.Smith.Whenshallwehavethemeeting?—Notuntilit___________inhalfanhour.(prepare)8.Hesaystheproblem__________withnextyear.(deal)9.Allthechildren____________backtotheirparentsafterthepolicefoundthem.(bring)wasplayedasksbtodowasaskedbeprepareddealwithsthwillbedealtbringsbbacktowerebrought被动语态10.Thiskindofbooks___________wellandthey___________outlastweek.(sell)11.Weretheyheard_______atthattime?A.talkandlaughB.totalkandlaughC.talkingandlaughingD.talkedandlaughed12.Hewasseen_______abankjustnow.A.toenterB.toenterintoC.enterD.enteringintosellwell畅销-无被动sellout卖光-有被动sellweresoldsbbehearddoingsbbeseentodo被动语态13.Thispairoftrousers________smoothbecausetheyaremadeofChinesesilk.A.feelsB.feelC.isfel